scholarly journals Strategies for Goat Feeding and Management during Drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulisa Faji Dida
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Single Strategy ◽  
Location Adjustment

Nowadays, climate change is becoming a serious problem threatening livestock production by affecting their environment, health, and feed sources. Many parts of the tropical countries, particularly the pastoralist area, experience extended periods of drought, leading to shortages of feed and water. During these periods, goats are incapable of meeting their nutrient requirement for maintenance and will begin to lose weight as body reserves are depleted, causing economic loss to the goats. In the extremely long dry season, animals die, with the youngest, weakest, and oldest dying first. As a result, drought management entails balancing pasture and water supply against forage and water demand. In most cases, no single strategy will suffice to address this issue. Each situation would need a different set of strategies Therefore, this chapter will come with some common options/ strategies that can be avail feed shortage during drought. Those strategies are purchase of feed from surplus location, adjustment of animal management, policy intervention, destocking, adjusting grazing strategies during drought, supplementation, maintenance feeding, reallocation of a given amount of feed in the herd, early weaning and creep feeding, lowering stocking rate, water sources and supplies, development and effective utilization of feed resources, and creation of feed banks.

Developing a Mathematical Model of Foot and Mouth Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Early Disease Detection ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk

The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the UK during 2001 resulted in the death of over 6 million animals and an economic loss of approximately $14 billion. Understanding the dynamics of the disease is important for preventing or managing future outbreaks. Several susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models were formed and examined as a result of work completed during the PIMS Mathematical Biology Summer 2007 Workshop at the University of Alberta. The model development starts with the most basic disease dynamics and goes to include the effects of vaccination and patterns generated by early disease detection. This presentation will also include a brief discussion of herd immunity and Canadian disease management policy.

Developing a Mathematical Model of Foot and Mouth Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Early Disease Detection ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk

The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the UK during 2001 resulted in the death of over 6 million animals and an economic loss of approximately $14 billion. Understanding the dynamics of the disease is important for preventing or managing future outbreaks. Several susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models were formed and examined as a result of work completed during the PIMS Mathematical Biology Summer 2007 Workshop at the University of Alberta. The model development starts with the most basic disease dynamics and goes to include the effects of vaccination and patterns generated by early disease detection. This presentation will also include a brief discussion of herd immunity and Canadian disease management policy

Studying Policy Changes in Disaster Management in India: A Tale of Two Cyclones

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Jha ◽  
Rivu Basu ◽  
Atreyee Basu
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Steps

AbstractObjectiveThe mainstay of India’s disaster management policy until the early 2000s had been relief and rescue operations. The Odisha Super Cyclone (1999) with 10,000 deaths and US $3 billion economic damage provided a rude awakening. Recognizing the importance of preemptive preparedness, the government initiated systematic steps to implement a national framework interlinking economic, environmental, and overall developmental issues for efficient response to and mitigation of disasters.MethodsWe attempted a critical analysis of this paradigm shift in India’s disaster management policy through the prism of 2 cyclones, 14 years apart in time.ResultsWith improved preparedness and response measures, the death toll in 2013 Cyclone Phailin was 0.5% and the economic loss was about one-third of that during 1999. Concomitant improvements in the technological expertise of the early warning system, an integrated approach at all levels of administration including joint planning with major nongovernmental organizations, and improved community participation were identified as game-changers. An unbelievable 1 million people were evacuated to safety.ConclusionsOur essay aims to highlight key steps in this success and calls for futuristic approaches like insurance programs and gender-sensitive recovery plans. With thorough scrutiny, India’s model may well stand to be replicated in resource-restricted settings. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:42-46)

Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand on a Regional Scale Combining Positive Mathematical Programming and Cluster Analysis in Model Calibration

2011 ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Davide Viaggi ◽  
Meri Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Positive Mathematical Programming ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Mathematical programming tools are widely used to simulate agriculture water use thanks to their ability to provide a detailed technical and economic representation of farm choices. However, they also require a significant amount of basic information and appropriate methods for the organization of such information. The objective of the paper is to test a methodology for the estimation of irrigation water demand using a combination of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) at farm level, and a cluster analysis. The methodology is applied in an area of Northern Italy. The main outcome of our empirical application is the variety and complexity of reactions of different farms. The scenarios considered highlight the potential importance of the effects of price and cost variables, while the changes in the (area-based) tariff system appear less significant. The change in water cost/pricing appears somehow relevant, but does not motivate major changes in present water management policy, at least in the range of scenarios considered.

scholarly journals Managing Scarce water resources for socially acceptable solutions, through hydrological and econometric modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101
Author(s):  
Angelos Alamanos ◽  
◽  
Qingming Zeng ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Fallow Systems ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Current Water ◽  
The Government

Covering increasing water demand for competitive uses with limited resources is becoming one of the most challenging water management issues. The effects are more evident in arid areas, where conflicts are more likely to occur. Such an example is Urumqi County, China; Urumqi River is the main water supply source, and in order to balance the upstream agricultural water demand and the downstream urban water demand, the government imposed fallow measures. The region is traditionally a rural area with high production expectations, however, urban water demand is continuously increasing over the last decades, following the population and urbanization trends. Irrigation needs are covered from the river, during the summer period, creating seasonal demand peaks. The fallow measures aim to sustain agriculture and the government defines which farmers will fallow each year. This study uses a questionnaire survey to examine the farmers’ willingness to continue fallow, and the fallow period preference; both examined for the first time so far. The driving factors are used as variables to analyze and describe the preferences through regression models. A non-negligible portion of farmers highly depend on agriculture and want to cultivate. The feasibility of satisfying their needs through better water management is examined through a coupled WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) model. Combining econometric and hydrological tools is a novel element. The results are encouraging, with significant insights on the current water management policy, the potential of diversified fallow systems, and the achievement of sustainable and socially acceptable planning.

Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand on a Regional Scale

2012 ◽  
pp. 897-913
Author(s):  
Davide Viaggi ◽  
Meri Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Positive Mathematical Programming ◽  
Tariff System

Mathematical programming tools are widely used to simulate agriculture water use thanks to their ability to provide a detailed technical and economic representation of farm choices. However, they also require a significant amount of basic information and appropriate methods for the organization of such information. The objective of the paper is to test a methodology for the estimation of irrigation water demand using a combination of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) at farm level, and a cluster analysis. The methodology is applied in an area of Northern Italy. The main outcome of our empirical application is the variety and complexity of reactions of different farms. The scenarios considered highlight the potential importance of the effects of price and cost variables, while the changes in the (area-based) tariff system appear less significant. The change in water cost/pricing appears somehow relevant, but does not motivate major changes in present water management policy, at least in the range of scenarios considered.

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