scholarly journals Breastfeeding and Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Najafian ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Health Related

Human breast milk (HBM) not only is a source of nutrition for infants but also contains a variety of biologically active components and bacterial species. These molecules and bacteria guide both intestinal microbiota and infantile immune system. Recently published studies have found several vital roles for gut microbiota including effects on the individual’s personality, decreased predisposition to the diseases, and a variety of other health-related consequences such as possible therapeutic effects or preventing role. In this chapter the components of human breast milk and its effect on shaping the human gut microbiota have been reviewed.

scholarly journals The Roles of Prebiotics on Impaired Immune System in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: After birth, preterm infants face numerous challenges, including short and long-term morbidities, to survive and grow well with impaired immune and gastrointestinal systems. According to data from 184 countries, preterm birth rate ranges from 5-18%, accounting for 35% of all new born deaths. Purpose: This literature review aimed to summarize the evidence for the impact of prematurity on immune system development and the benefit of prebiotics on gut microbiota and immune responses. Discussion: Various studies in this narrative literature review showed that preterm infants have both qualitative and quantitative immune response deficits compared to term infants. Preterm newborns also have impaired intestinal immunity, underdeveloped intestinal mucosa barrier, and gut dysbiosis, which predisposes them to life-threatening infections. Early balanced gut microbiota in infants believed to be essential for adequate intestinal physiological functions and immune system maturation. The use of prebiotics, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human breast milk, has been found to decrease the risk of various infections and cognitive impairment. A previous study found that prebiotic oligosaccharides supplementation was well-tolerated, significantly increased Bifidobacteria growth, and reduced the presence of gut pathogens. Conclusions: There was robust evidence that breast milk and prebiotics supplementation may support the gut microbiome and immune system in preterm infants. However, different types of synthetic prebiotics offer different benefits, and the protective effect seems to depend on the supplementation duration and dosage.

scholarly journals Architecture Insight of Bifidobacterial α-L-Fucosidases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Curiel ◽  
Ángela Peirotén ◽  
José M. Landete ◽  
Ana Ruiz de la Bastida ◽  
Susana Langa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Similarity Searches

Fucosylated carbohydrates and glycoproteins from human breast milk are essential for the development of the gut microbiota in early life because they are selectively metabolized by bifidobacteria. In this regard, α-L-fucosidases play a key role in this successful bifidobacterial colonization allowing the utilization of these substrates. Although a considerable number of α-L-fucosidases from bifidobacteria have been identified by computational analysis, only a few of them have been characterized. Hitherto, α-L-fucosidases are classified into 3 families, GH29, GH95 and GH151 based on their catalytic structure. However, bifidobacterial α-L-fucosidases belonging to a particular family show significant differences in their sequence. Because this fact could underlie distinct phylogenetic evolves, here extensive similarity searches and comparative analyses of the bifidobacterial α-L-fucosidases identified were carried out with the assistance of previous physicochemical studies available. This work reveals 4 and 2 paralogue bifidobacterial fucosidase groups within GH29 and GH95 families, respectively. Moreover, Bifidobacterium logum subsp. infantis species exhibited the greatest number of phylogenetic lineages in their fucosidases clustered in every family GH29, GH95 and GH151. Since α-L-fucosidases phylogenetically descended from other glycosyl hydrolase families, we hypothesized that could exhibit additional glycosidase activities other than fucosidase, raising the possibility about their application to transfucosylate other substrates than lactose in order to synthesis novel prebiotics.

scholarly journals Human Breast Milk and the Gastrointestinal Innate Immune System

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Jakaitis ◽  
Patricia W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals Neonatal Diet Impacts Bioregional Microbiota Composition in Piglets Fed Human Breast Milk or Infant Formula

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 2236-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R Brink ◽  
Katelin Matazel ◽  
Brian D Piccolo ◽  
Anne K Bowlin ◽  
Sree V Chintapalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Luminal Region

ABSTRACT Background Early infant diet influences postnatal gut microbial development, which in turn can modulate the developing immune system. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize diet-specific bioregional microbiota differences in piglets fed either human breast milk (HM) or infant formula. Methods Male piglets (White Dutch Landrace Duroc) were raised on HM or cow milk formula (MF) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and weaned to an ad libitum diet until PND 51. Piglets were euthanized on either PND 21 or PND 51, and the gastrointestinal contents were collected for 16s RNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using the Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology. Diversity measurements (Chao1 and Shannon) and the Wald test were used to determine relative abundance. Results At PND 21, the ileal luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed lower Chao1 operational taxonomic unit diversity, while Shannon diversity was lower in cecal, proximal colon (PC), and distal colon (DC) luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. In addition, at PND 51, the HM-fed piglets had lower genera diversity within the jejunum, ileum, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. At PND 21, Turicibacter was 4- to 5-fold lower in the HM-fed piglets’ ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to the MF-fed piglets. Campylobacter is 3- to 6-fold higher in HM-fed piglets duodenal, ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, in comparison to MF-fed piglets. Furthermore, the large intestine (cecum, PC, and rectum) luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed 4- to 7-fold higher genera that belong to class Bacteroidia, in comparison to MF-fed piglets at PND 21. In addition, at PND 51 distal colon lumen of HM-fed piglets showed 1.5-fold higher genera from class Bacteroidia than the MF-fed piglets. Conclusions In the large intestinal regions (cecum, PC, and rectum), MF diet alters microbiota composition, relative to HM diet, with sustained effects after weaning from the neonatal diet. These microbiota changes could impact immune system and health outcomes later in life.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus from human breast milk ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice via gut microbiota modulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Pang ◽  
Han Jin ◽  
Ning Liao ◽  
Junjun Li ◽  
Chunmei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Healthy Human

Gut microbiota imbalance is one of the major causes of ulcerative colitis (UC). L. rhamnosus SHA113 (LRS), a strain isolated from healthy human milk, influences the regulation of gut flora....

Organohalogen compounds in human breast milk from Republic of Buryatia, Russia

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyuna V. Tsydenova ◽  
Agus Sudaryanto ◽  
Natsuko Kajiwara ◽  
Tatsuya Kunisue ◽  
Valeriy B. Batoev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Organohalogen Compounds
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