p53, c-erbB2, and PCNA Status in Benign, Proliferative, and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Neoplasms

Abstract Low malignant potential tumors of the ovary are believed to behave in a manner intermediate to their benign and malignant counterparts. However, recent evidence suggests these lesions are in fact benign and better classified as proliferative. Based on our previous work and evaluating p53, c-erbB2, and PCNA status in a full spectrum of ovarian surface epithelial tumors, with emphasis on low malignant potential tumors, we tested this hypothesis. Immunohistochemical stains with monoclonal antibodies were used on 75 archival ovarian neoplasms. The results demonstrated anti-p53 reactivity in 30 carcinomas (40%), 2 of which were proliferative, and no reactivity in the benign tumors. Overexpression of c-erbB2 was seen in 31 malignant neoplasms (64.5%), 4 of which were proliferative (22.1%), and none in benign tumors. The PCNA proliferative index showed means of 42.8%, 22.8%, and 14.9% with benign, low malignant potential, and malignant tumors, respectively. Predicting immunoreactivity in carcinomas for anti-PCNA (Student t test), anti-p53, and anti–c-erbB2 (Pearson χ2 test) versus a lack of immunoreactivity in proliferative tumors indicate P values of .001, <.001, and <.001, respectively. These data show significant differences in the expression of these markers in ovarian tumors and suggest a possible role for these oncogenes as supplemental tools in diagnostic pathology. Further, our findings also support the designation of proliferative as opposed to the current nomenclature of low malignant potential tumors.

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OVARIAN MASQUERADES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FROZEN SECTION REPORTING OF OVARIAN MASSES WITH FINAL HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AT A TERTIARY CANCER CENTRE: A TWO YEAR STUDY.

10.36106/ijsr/9818715 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-24

Author(s):

Champaka G ◽

Akkamahadevi S Patil ◽

Geeta V. Patil Okaly ◽

Suma M N ◽

Usha Amirtham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Neoplasms ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Frozen Section ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Ovarian Carcinomas ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Ovarian Masses

Introduction: Intraoperative assessment of ovarian neoplasms on Frozen section (FS) as epithelial and non-epithelial types is crucial for appropriate surgical management. Accurate categorization is important as treatment plan includes cystectomy for benign tumors, extensive staging procedures for ovarian carcinomas and oophorectomy or limited surgical staging for borderline tumors especially in younger patients to preserve fertility. Objectives: To study the accuracy of ovarian FS interpretation with reference to nal histopathological (HPE) diagnosis on parafn embedded sections after analyzing by morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) wherever necessary. Materials and Methods:Aretrospective analysis of 170 cases of FS study on ovarian masses during the period of two years (2017, 2018) was done at a tertiary oncology center. Results: Of the total 170 cases on frozen, 74 cases were benign, 27 cases borderline and 69 cases malignant. On nal HPE 73 cases were benign, 20 cases borderline and 77 cases malignant neoplasms. The sensitivity and specicity were 95.89%, 95.87% in benign tumors, 80%, 92.66% in borderline and 88.3%, 98.92% in malignant tumors respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 94.59%, 96.87% in benign lesions, 59.25%, 97.20% in borderline, 98.55%, and 91.08% in malignant neoplasms respectively. Conclusions:In our study there was a good concordance between frozen and nal histopathology in the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Ovarian FS study is a reliable tool for intraoperative decision making regarding the extent of surgery

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Review and Update of Uncommon Primary Pleural Tumors: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2005-129-1428-rauoup ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 129 (11) ◽

pp. 1428-1443 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura Granville ◽

Alvaro C. Laga ◽

Timothy Craig Allen ◽

Megan Dishop ◽

Victor L. Roggli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Extraction ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Practical Approach ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Pleural Tumor ◽

Study Selection ◽

Low Malignant Potential ◽

Pleural Neoplasms

Abstract Objective.—We address the current classifications and new changes regarding uncommon primary pleural tumors. Primary pleural tumors are divided according to their behavior and are discussed separately as benign tumors, tumors of low malignant potential, and malignant neoplasms. Data Sources.—Current literature concerning primary pleural neoplasms was collected and reviewed. Study Selection.—Studies emphasizing clinical, radiological, or pathologic findings of primary pleural neoplasms were obtained. Data Extraction.—Data deemed helpful to the general surgical pathologist when confronted with an uncommon primary pleural tumor was included in this review. Data Synthesis.—Tumors are discussed in 3 broad categories: (1) benign, (2) low malignant potential, and (3) malignant. A practical approach to the diagnosis of these neoplasms in surgical pathology specimens is offered. The differential diagnosis, including metastatic pleural neoplasms, is also briefly addressed. Conclusions.—Uncommon primary pleural neoplasms may mimic each other, as well as mimic metastatic cancers to the pleura and diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Correct diagnosis is important because of different prognosis and treatment implications for the various neoplasms.

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Spontaneous Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Proliferative Lesions in Pet Degus (Octodon degus)

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Tanja Švara ◽

Mitja Gombač ◽

Alessandro Poli ◽

Jožko Račnik ◽

Marko Zadravec

Keyword(s):

Malignant Tumors ◽

Single Case ◽

Case Reports ◽

Hepatocellular Adenoma ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Octodon Degus ◽

Hind Limbs ◽

Neoplastic Lesion ◽

Veterinary Faculty

In recent years, degus (Octodon degus), rodents native to South America, have been becoming increasingly popular as pet animals. Data about neoplastic diseases in this species are still sparse and mainly limited to single-case reports. The aim of this study was to present neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferative changes in 16/100 pet degus examined at the Veterinary Faculty University of Ljubljana from 2010 to 2015 and to describe the clinic-pathological features of these lesions. Twenty different lesions of the integumentary, musculoskeletal, genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems were diagnosed: amongst these were 13 malignant tumors, six benign tumors, and one non-neoplastic lesion. Cutaneous fibrosarcoma was the most common tumor (7/16 degus). It was detected more often in females (6/7 degus) and lesions were located mainly in hind limbs. The gastrointestinal tract was frequently affected, namely with two malignant neoplasms - an intestinal lymphoma and a mesenteric mesothelioma, four benign tumors – two biliary cystadenomas, an oral squamous papilloma and a hepatocellular adenoma, and a single non-neoplastic proliferative lesion. In one animal, two organic systems were involved in neoplastic lesions.

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Analysis of DNA Aneuploidy and c-myc Oncoprotein Content of Canine Plasma Cell Tumors Using Flow Cytometry

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589303000603 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 505-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. S. Frazier ◽

M. E. Hines ◽

A. I. Hurvitz ◽

P. G. Robinson ◽

A. J. Herron

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Plasma Cell ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Plasma Cell ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Canine Plasma

To derive a method for determining malignant potential of plasma cell tumors, a retrospective analysis of the DNA ploidy and relative p62c-myc oncoprotein content using bivariate flow cytometry was performed on 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 23 dogs. The samples included one tissue each from 17 males and six females 2 to 16 years of age (mean = 7.5 years). Twelve breeds were represented, including three Cocker Spaniels, three Golden Retrievers, and five of mixed breed. Ten of the samples were histologically classified as malignant-plasma cell tumors, and ten specimens were classified as benign. Three samples of plasmacytic inflammation, from two Cocker Spaniels and one Shih Tsu, were included as controls. The ploidy and relative c-myc content data obtained were compared with the histologic grade. A significant difference in ploidy was found between benign and malignant tumors (P ≤ 0.05). Five of nine malignant plasma cell tumors were aneuploid; the remainder were diploid (4/9) or tetraploid (1/9). Only one of the benign plasmacytomas was aneuploid (1/10), whereas six were diploid (6/10), and three were tetraploid (3/10). All of the controls were diploid (3/32). When relative amounts of p62c-myc from malignant and benign tumors were compared by flow cytometry, a greater significant difference was established (P ≤ 0.01) than by using aneuploidy alone. Relative values of p62c-myc content ranged from 219 to 553 units in 8/10 malignant plasma cell tumors and from 86 to 392 units in 3/10 benign plasmacytomas. The remainder of the neoplasms (2/10 malignant and 7/10 benign) lacked measurable values of p62c-myc above background fluorescence concentrations. Two atypical cutaneous plasmacytomas with later metastasis were included in the study. The results indicate that simultaneous analysis of ploidy and relative p62c-myc concentration can be used as an aid in assessment of malignant potential in canine plasma cell tumors.

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Urinary Polyamines as Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0000000000001031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1360-1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Riikka Johanna Niemi ◽

Antti N. Roine ◽

Merja R. Häkkinen ◽

Pekka S. Kumpulainen ◽

Tuomo A. Keinänen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

High Grade ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Low Malignant Potential ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

ObjectivesElevated concentrations of polyamines have been found in urine of patients with malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. Previous research has suffered from poorly standardized detection methods. Our liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is capable of simultaneous standardized analysis of most known polyamines. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry has not previously been used in the differential diagnostics of ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, postmenopausal women (n = 71) presenting with an adnexal mass and, as controls, women with genital prolapse or urinary incontinence scheduled for surgery (n = 22) were recruited in the study. For analysis of the polyamines, a morning urine sample was obtained before surgery. Preoperative serum CA125 concentrations were determined in the study group.ResultsTwenty-three women with benign and 37 with malignant ovarian tumors were eligible. Of all analyzed polyamines, only urinaryN1,N12-diacetylspermine showed statistically significant differences between all groups except controls versus benign tumors.N1,N12-diacetylspermine was elevated in malignant versus benign tumors (P< 0.001), in high-grade versus low malignant potential tumors (P< 0.001), in stage III to IV versus stage I to II cancers (P< 0.001), and even in early-stage cancer (stage I–II) versus benign tumors (P= 0.017).N1,N12-diacetylspermine had better sensitivity (86.5%) but lower specificity (65.2%) for distinguishing benign and malignant ovarian tumors than CA125 with a cut-off value of 35 kU/L (sensitivity, 75.7%; specificity, 69.6%).ConclusionsUrinaryN1,N12-diacetylspermine seems to be able to distinguish benign and malignant ovarian tumors as well as early and advanced stage, and low malignant potential and high-grade ovarian cancers from each other, respectively.

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Operative staging and conservative surgery in the management of low malignant potential ovarian tumors

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1046/j.1525-1438.1992.02030113.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W. R. Robinson ◽

J. P. Curtin ◽

C. P. Morrow

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Tumor ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Frozen Section ◽

Conservative Surgery ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Surgery Patient ◽

Intraoperative Management ◽

Low Malignant Potential ◽

Histopathologic Findings

The medical records of 45- patients with intraoperative diagnosis of borderline or low malignant potential (LMP) ovarian tumor were reviewed to identify factors affecting intraoperative management. The correlation between gross and histologic staging was examined, as was the complication rate following surgery. Patient age and presence of qualifying pathologic terms on frozen section diagnosis were the only important factors relating to performance of surgical procedure. Surgical complications were closely associated with non-conservative surgery. Thirteen of 14 (92.8%) patients with significant complications had a hysterectomy. These 14 patients had staging procedures at essentially the same rate as the entire population. Thirteen of 45 patients (28.8%) thought to have LMP by frozen section had a different diagnosis on permanent review; 5 were benign and 8 were frankly malignant, confirming the limitations of frozen section in the diagnosis of LMP ovarian tumor. Of 40 with LMP or frankly malignant tumors 5(12.5%) were upstaged based on unsuspected histopathologic findings. These results indicate the need for a standard approach to staging in patients who are suspected to have an LMP ovarian tumor and should encourage the performance of conservative surgery when appropriate.

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Risk Factors of Malignant Neoplasms of Female Genital Organs (Review of Literature)

Journal of New Medical Technologies ◽

10.12737/3326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 115-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Сулейманова ◽

N. Suleymanova

Keyword(s):

Malignant Tumors ◽

Pathological Process ◽

The Body ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Scientific Review ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Hormone Homeostasis ◽

Female Genital

The scientific review discusses the correlation between the MN morbidity rate of the female genitalia and the factors of the external and internal environment of the body: genetic (hereditary) and environmental (exogenous and endogenous). The author notes that the significance of the factors in the development of oncological process is different depending on the form and localizations of malignant tumors. Identified genes are responsible for the appearance of hereditary ovarian cancer (however, the genes of predisposition to cancer of body and cervix of the uterus don’t identified so far). The role of human papillomavirus infection (in the genesis of pre-cancerous lesions and cervical cancer) in hormone homeostasis due to functional and anatomical changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system (in formation of cancer of the womb and ovaries) is proved, including the background processes and pre-cancerous changes in the occurrence of all forms of genital cancer. A number of researchers consider benign tumors as an intermediate in the pathological process changes that lead with time under the influence of certain factors to be precancerous and malignant transformation. Significant fluctuations in the frequency of malignant tumors of female genital organs in different ethnic groups of the population are scientifically confirmed. Correlation frequency of cancer of the genitalia in women with age, and state of the immune system are noted.

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No Evidence for Microsatellite Instability from Allelotype Analysis of Benign and Low Malignant Potential Ovarian Neoplasms

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1006/gyno.1998.5014 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 210-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yang-Chia Shih ◽

Judith Kerr ◽

Terry G. Hurst ◽

Soo-Keat Khoo ◽

Bruce G. Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Instability ◽

Ovarian Neoplasms ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Low Malignant Potential

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Neurofibromatosis in Children: Actually and Perspectives

Children ◽

10.3390/children9010040 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Maria Lucia Sur ◽

Ionel Armat ◽

Genel Sur ◽

Diana-Cristina Pop ◽

Gabriel Samasca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Nf1 Gene ◽

Clear Delineation ◽

Tumor Management

The three types of neurofibromatosis, namely type 1, type 2, and schwannomatosis, are generally associated with various benign tumors affecting the skin and the nervous system. On rare occasions, especially in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), malignant neoplasms may also be present, several of them possessing a more aggressive course than in individuals without this syndrome. As such, a clear delineation between the three variants of neurofibromatosis is crucial to establish the correct diagnosis and management, as well as predict the neoplasm-related outcomes. Neurofibromin, the principal product of the NF1 gene, is a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation, having been linked to several key signaling pathways involved in tumor growth. Therefore, it may provide a useful therapeutic target for tumor management in these patients. In this article, we want to present the association between deficiency of neurofibromin and the consequences of the lack of this protein leading to different kinds of malignant tumors. The therapy is still uncertain and most therapeutic options are in development or clinical trials.

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Key genetic disorders in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma

Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology ◽

10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-4-178-184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 178-184

Author(s):

O. O. Chernysheva ◽

A. E. Drui ◽

D. Yu. Kachanov ◽

T. V. Shamanskaya

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Genetic Disorders ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Embryonic Origin

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system of embryonic origin, consisting of undifferentiated neuroectodermal cells of the neural crest.In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in patients under one year of age, NB is the most common tumor. At the same time, mortality of this disease ranks third, behind leukemias and tumors of the central nervous system, and amounts to 13% in the structure of child mortalityfrom malignant tumors in developed countries. The stratification of patients to the risk groups and the subsequent determination of treatment tactics depends on several prognostic factors, including genetic aberrations identified in tumor cells. Moreover, processes such as spontaneous regression and transformation into benign tumors are due to the genetic characteristics of NB. Thus, the study of genetic disorders underlying the pathogenesis of NB is necessary for adequate subdivision of patients into risk groups and developing of new methods of treatment.

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