Fungi extract in the inhibition of the egg hatching and larval development of the Haemonchus contortus

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

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Efficacy and toxicity of thirteen plant leaf acetone extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine in South Africa on egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/1746-6148-9-38 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Mathew Adamu ◽

Vinasan Naidoo ◽

Jacobus N Eloff

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Larval Development ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Acetone Extracts

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The acetone extract of Typha capensis and its fractions inhibits egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 ◽

pp. 304-305

Author(s):

M. Ondua ◽

E.M. Njoya ◽

M.A. Abdalla ◽

L.J. McGaw

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Egg Hatching

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The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-010-0042-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 269-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Bártíková ◽

L. Skálová ◽

J. Lamka ◽

B. Szotáková ◽

M. Várady

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Resistant Isolate ◽

Susceptible Isolate ◽

Marked Resistance ◽

Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

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Anthelmintic effect of four extracts obtained from Caesalpinia coriaria foliage against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Diana Rojas-Morales ◽

Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas ◽

Andrea Constanza Montenegro ◽

Carlos Alberto Martínez ◽

Ronnal Ortíz-Cuadros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

South American ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Acetone Water ◽

Acetone Extracts ◽

Eggs And Larvae ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

Abstract To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.

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Chemical composition and efficacy in the egg-hatching inhibition of essential oil of Piper aduncum against Haemonchus contortus from sheep

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia ◽

10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 288-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gisele Lopes Oliveira ◽

Thallyta Maria Vieira ◽

Vanessa Francisca Nunes ◽

Munic de Oliveria Ruas ◽

Eduardo Robson Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Piper Aduncum

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In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum against Haemonchus contortus

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/4950196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aliyi Hassen Ahmed ◽

Mebrat Ejo ◽

Teka Feyera ◽

Dereje Regassa ◽

Bahar Mummed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Crude Extracts

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major limiting factor for the successfulness of livestock production throughout the world. Emergence of resistance strains as well as scarcity and high cost of the currently available drugs has led to the evaluation of other alternative helminth control options, mainly from plants. The current study is aimed at investigating the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of two traditionally important medicinal plants, Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum, against Haemonchus contortus using adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch inhibition assay (EHIA). Four graded concentrations of the extracts were tested for both the AMA (10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/mg) and EHIA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) in replicates. Albendazole and phosphate-buffered saline (AMA) or distilled water (EHIA) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The crude extracts of A. herba-alba and P. granatum exhibited a potential anthelmintic activity at all dose levels in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The highest concentration (10 mg/mL) of all the extracts caused a significantly (p<0.05) superior nematocidal activity compared to the negative control. Moreover, significant and concentration-dependent egg hatching inhibition effect was observed from both plant extracts. Maximal (98.67%) egg hatching inhibition effect was exhibited by the flower extract of A. herba-alba at 1 mg/mL concentration. The relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy indicated that both plants caused a significantly (p<0.05) greater egg hatch inhibition within 48 hr of exposure. The current study validated the traditional use of both plants as a natural anthelmintic against H. contortus justifying a need to undertake detail pharmacological and toxicological investigation on both plants.

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Sperm motility, fertilization, and larval development of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) in copper-contaminated water

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1667 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robie Allan Bombardelli ◽

Giovano Neumann ◽

Cesar Pereira Rebechi Toledo ◽

Eduardo Antônio Sanches ◽

Denise Nascimento de Bastos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Copper Contaminated ◽

Effect Of Copper ◽

Hatching Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper-contaminated water on sperm motility, fertilization, and embryonic and larval development of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). A randomized experimental design with five treatments and four replicates was used. Two experiments were carried out: (1) controlled fertilization was performed under different levels of copper contamination and egg hatching was performed in clean water; and (2) copper-contaminated water was used for both fertilization and hatching assays. The time of sperm motility and sperm motility rates linearly decreased with increasing copper concentration in the water. Fertilization and hatching rates were also affected when the concentrations of copper in the water were above 0.0979 mg Cu+2 L-1 and 0.0331 mg Cu+2 L-1, respectively. Gamete exposure to levels between 15 mg Cu+2 L-1 and 60 mg Cu+2 L-1 for short periods of time negatively affected sperm motility, oocyte fertilization, and egg hatching rates. In addition, when gametes and embryos were exposed at levels above 0.03 mg Cu+2 L-1 during long periods of time, egg hatching rates were reduced, and at levels between 0.05 mg Cu+2 L-1 and 0.20 mg Cu+2 L-1 the number of abnormal larvae increased.

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