DECLINING HIV SEROPREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTH ODISHA, INDIA: A SIX AND HALF YEAR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Background: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is spreading worldwide at an alarming rate and India has third largest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Estimating the HIV seroprevalence in a low risk population such as pregnant women provide essential information for monitoring trend of HIV in general population and assist in prevention from mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection. Only few studies are available from this part of northern India. So we carried out this study to find out seroprevalence of HIV in pregnant women at tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods: Blood samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of GSVM Medical college, Kanpur, U.P, India. after pretest counseling and inform consent from September 2005 to July 2016. The samples are tested as per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines.Results: Among 38794 pregnant women counseled, 34924(90.02%) accepted HIV testing. 102 women out of 34924 were found HIV seropositive with prevalence rate of 0.3%. Among seropositive women, majority were Hindu (88.2%), housewife (89.2%), multigravida (62.7%), studied up to primary or secondary (78.4%), of low socio-economic status (74.5%) and belongs to rural area (67.6%). Majority of HIV seropositive (34.3%) women were in age group of 25-30 years followed by 21-25years (25.4%). HIV seroprevalence rates showed an increasing trend from 0.14% in 2006 to 0.49% in 2016 (till July).Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HIV infection amongst antenatal women was 0.3%in past 11 years which is in increasing trend in contrast to other studies and slightly higher than national projection (0.29%). It concludes that it is right time to strengthen prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by joint efforts of the private and public sectors.

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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow, India

Dubai Medical Journal ◽

10.1159/000513626 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Naimshree Sonkar ◽

Malay Banerjee ◽

Suman Gupta ◽

Absar Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Haemoglobin Level ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of actively multiplying bacteria within the urinary tract with absence of any symptoms, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This research study was done in order to review prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with ASB occurring in female patients who are pregnant and being treated at a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India. Method and Materials: This is a cross-sectional study done among 216 pregnant women attending a hospital for antenatal check-ups. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and examined microscopically, and semi-quantitative culture was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Isolates were identified by colony morphology and biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Of the 216 pregnant women, 36 (16.7%) tested positive for ASB. The female gestational period, haemoglobin level, and BMI were significantly associated with ASB. Logistic regression also showed that higher haemoglobin level was less likely to ASB (AOR = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.202–0.88, p = 0.021). The predominant and usual isolates were E. coli (n = 22, 61.1%), followed by Cons (n = 6, 16.7%), and S. aureus (3, 8.3%). All Gram-negative isolates were mostly sensitive to most of the drugs like piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem but were 100% resistant to ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin but 100% resistant to co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: The present study shows the existence of ASB was 16.7% among women who are pregnant. Pregnancy duration, haemoglobin level, and BMI were significantly associated with ASB. The isolates identified more frequently were E. coli (61.16%), Cons (16.7%), and S. aureus (8.3%). All isolates which were Gram-negative were mostly sensitive to most of the drugs but were 100% resistant to ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to most of the drugs but 100% resistant to co-trimoxazole.

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