Decision letter: Satb2 determines miRNA expression and long-term memory in the adult central nervous system

Abstract Abstract 3647 Long-term survivors of childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) are at risk for cardiopulmonary complications. Although HL survivors are generally not exposed to treatments directed at the central nervous system (CNS), cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities are associated with CNS dysfunction in non-cancer populations. The aim of the current study was to examine neurocognitive and neuroanatomical outcomes in adult survivors of childhood HL. 62 adult survivors (current age mean=43.2, SD=4.79, range=34.4–55.6 years; age at diagnosis mean=15.1, SD=3.31, range=5.85–19.00 years) were identified by stratified random selection from a large cohort treated with either high dose (≥ 30 Gy) thoracic radiation (n=38) or lower dose (< 30Gy) thoracic radiation combined with anthracycline (n=24). Patients underwent neurocognitive evaluations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), echocardiograms, pulmonary function tests, and physical exams. MRI techniques included T1 and T2 weighted imaging, as well as susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Images were objectively processed to obtain global diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and regional cortical thickness. Images were also reviewed and systematically coded by a board certified neuroradiologist. Compared to national age-adjusted norms, HL survivors demonstrated lower performance on attention span (p=0.01), sustained attention (p=0.01), short-term memory (p=0.001), long-term memory (p=0.006), motor dexterity (p<0.001), and cognitive fluency (p=0.007). Brain MRI revealed some degree of white matter disease (e.g. leukoencephalopathy) in 51.8% of survivors, 68.5% had at least mild cerebral atrophy, and 30.0% had SWI suggestive of cerebrovascular abnormalities. Survivors with evidence of cerebrovascular abnormalities on SWI demonstrated cortical thinning in dorsolateral frontal regions (p=0.006), those with cerebral atrophy had DTI evidence of reduced white matter integrity (p=0.04). Increased attention problems were correlated with decreased cortical thickness in frontal brain regions (p=0.03), while survivors with leukoencephalopathy demonstrated reduced cognitive fluency (p=0.001). Neurocognitive and neuroanatomical measures were associated with abnormal cardiac and pulmonary test results. Focused attention was decreased in patients with lower pulmonary forced expiratory flow (FEF; p=0.04), lower hemoglobin (p=0.02), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.04). Long-term memory was decreased in patients with lower hemoglobin (p=0.008), and higher diastolic blood pressure (p=0.02). Survivors with SWI evidence of cerebrovascular abnormalities demonstrated reduced pulmonary FEF (p=0.03). Neurocognitive impairment was associated with dose of thoracic radiation. These results suggest that adult long-term survivors of HL are at increased risk for neurocognitive impairment, which is associated with radiological indices suggestive of reduced brain integrity and occurs in the presence of symptoms of cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 710-727

Author(s):

Beula M. Magimairaj ◽

Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽

Alexander V. Sergeev ◽

Natalie J. Benafield

Keyword(s):

Auditory Processing ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Group Differences ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Group ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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Retrieval from Memory or Procedural Strategies for Addition Problems

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muriel Fanget ◽

Catherine Thevenot ◽

Caroline Castel ◽

Michel Fayol

Keyword(s):

Reaction Times ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Verbal Reports ◽

Term Memory ◽

Simple Addition ◽

Memory Traces ◽

Addition Problem ◽

Retrieval From Memory ◽

Calculation Procedures

In this study, we used a paradigm recently developed ( Thevenot, Fanget, & Fayol, 2007 ) to determine whether 10-year-old children solve simple addition problems by retrieval of the answer from long-term memory or by calculation procedures. Our paradigm is unique in that it does not rely on reaction times or verbal reports, which are known to potentially bias the results, especially in children. Rather, it takes advantage of the fact that calculation procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands, so that it is more difficult to recognize them when they have been involved in the solution of an addition problem by calculation rather than by retrieval. The present study sharpens the current conclusions in the literature and shows that, when the sum of addition problems is up to 10, children mainly use retrieval, but when it is greater than 10, they mainly use calculation procedures.

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The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000038 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 249-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Márk Molnár ◽

Roland Boha ◽

Balázs Czigler ◽

Zsófia Anna Gaál

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory Processes ◽

Different Types ◽

The Brain ◽

Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

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