scholarly journals Biodiversity and climate change adaptation through non-discrete architectural spaces and architectures

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Davidova ◽  
Dana Rakova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Systemic Process ◽  
Discrete Spaces ◽  
Systemic Design

The research claims that traditions are not static. They develop and adapt based on the present situation. Due to the recent climate extremes coming to formally mild climate locations, their architectures can learn from traditional ones from more climate extreme locations. The present systemic design study on semi-interior, ‘non-discrete spaces’ (Hensel, 2013; Hensel & Turko, 2015), of Norwegian traditional architectures, so called ‘svalgangs’ and ‘skuts’ examine its reuse for today climate change adaptation and support of biodiversity that is currently decreasing. Our agricultural land become so toxic, that its species are recently moving and adapting for life in the cities. The discussed traditional spaces offer various boundary penetration of its surrounding environment while providing mediation of its biotic and abiotic agency. These do not cover only anthropocentric benefits for its users such as light and climate comfort but also offer opportunities of communication with other species or their sheltering. This practitioners’ historical research survey motivated by design co-developes its own systemic process based methodology Systemic Approach to Architectural Performance that originates from ‘Systems Oriented Design’ (Sevaldson, 2013b) and ‘Time Based Design’ (Sevaldson, 2004). Where, this ‘non-anthropocentric architecture’ (Hensel, 2012) is in over-evolving co-design with ambient environment’s abiotic and biotic agents, including humans.

scholarly journals Climate change adaptation: a pragmatic approach for assessing vulnerability

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
M. Carvalho ◽  
B. Martins ◽  
J. P. Coelho ◽  
N. Brôco ◽  
A. K. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Events Data ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract The impacts of climate change on society are becoming increasingly evident. The water sector is sensitive to variations in climatic patterns as it is expected that major changes in flows will occur, along with increased risks of water quality degradation and flooding. According to published climate scenarios the Mediterranean area will become dryer. As a leading group operating in the water sector in Portugal, AdP decided to develop a strategic plan for climate change adaptation with the aim of establishing a strategy for reducing business vulnerability and increasing systems resilience. In developing the plan, a pragmatic method was adopted for characterizing current vulnerabilities. This was founded on the bottom-up approach and supported with past events data, including evaluating their impacts, and the adaptive capacity of systems and utilities to climate extremes. In water supply, the effects of more severe and frequent extreme events are being felt with respect to water quality and availability, representing as much as 80% of the events studied, whereas, in terms of sanitation, floods account for about 90% of events identified. Globally, 78% and 21% of the measures adopted in water supply and wastewater management, respectively, were effective.

Twenty First Century Climate Extremes Projection and Climate Vulnerability Risk Assessment in Homogeneous Climatic Zones using high Resolution Climate Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdos Khan ◽  
Jürgen Pilz ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Sher Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Change Assessment ◽  
Climate Change Assessment ◽  
Increasing Trends

<p> Climate change assessment plays a pivotal role in impact assessment studies for better planning and management in different areas. A three-steps-integrated approach is used for climate change assessment. In the first step, homogeneous climatic zones were developed by combining two statistical approaches, cluster analysis and L-moment on the basis of Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI).  A set of GCMs was selected for each climate zone by incorporating Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), using the outputs of fourteen GCMs for maximum, minimum temperature and precipitation. The seven best GCMs were downscaled to higher resolution using statistical methods and considered for climate extremes assessment for each zone. The performances of GCMs are different for different climate variables, however, in some cases there is coincidence. Climate extremes were analyzed for the baseline and future periods F1 (2011-2040), F2 (2041-2070) and F3 (2071-2100) for the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. For precipitation under the RCP4.5, most of climate extremes have decreasing/increasing trends. Further, zone-01, zone-02, and zone-03 show increasing trends while zone-04 and zone-05 have mixed (decreasing/increasing) trends in climate extremes for all periods. For temperature, sixteen climate extreme indices were considered, some important indices are: GSL, SU25, TMAXmean, TMINmean, TN10p, TN90P, TX10p, TX90P, TNN, TNX, TXN, TXX. GSL has mixed trend (increasing/decreasing) depending on cold or hot climate zones. Similarly, TN10P and TN90P also show decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, while TX10P and TX90P have decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, in RCP4.5. TNN, TNX have mixed trends and TXN, TXX have mostly increasing trends except of few time periods in which they have decreasing and insignificant trends. The overall precipitation does not show significant changes, however, the projected intensities and frequencies are changing in future and require special consideration to save infrastructure, prevent casualties and other losses. More importantly, this study will help to address different Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nation Development Program related to climate change, hunger, environment, food security, and energy sectors.</p>

Adapting to ‘extreme’ weather: mobile practice memories of keeping warm and cool as a climate change adaptation strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1432-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande Strengers ◽  
Cecily Maller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Recent Climate

Recent climate change adaptation policy positions previously mundane weather events, such as heatwaves and coldsnaps, as increasingly dangerous. Within this discourse of ‘extreme’ weather, the health sector is promoting climate-controlled indoor environments as a sensible coping strategy. Such responses mask our constant and ongoing adaptations to weather, which are becoming more dynamic and varied in mobile and globalised societies. In this paper, we are interested in reconceptualising adaptation as a series of everyday and remembered experiences with weather, which are situated within and carried by bodily social practices that contribute to keeping warm and cool. We are particularly concerned with what happens to these practices when those who carry them become mobile, through migration to other countries and climates. We consider the proposition that practices involved in staying warm or cool become more adaptable and innovative when they move. We explore these ideas through a study of international students who had recently moved to Melbourne, Australia from a range of countries. Using a ‘practice memory scrapbook’ method, we consider how student practices are resurrected, modified and/or transformed on arrival to a new locale, where memories are carried forward and disrupted by local varieties. Our analysis redefines the goal of adaptation as achieving tolerable, interesting, manageable, exciting, challenging and curious conditions; rather than pursuing comfort, familiarity and safety. We conclude that increasing exposure to varied weather conditions may enhance adaptive responses, and call for further research with mobile populations to provide further insight into adaptation to weather.

scholarly journals THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MARKETS IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950003 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH E. ANDERSON ◽  
TERRY L. ANDERSON ◽  
ALICE C. HILL ◽  
MATTHEW E. KAHN ◽  
HOWARD KUNREUTHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

Markets, especially land markets, can facilitate climate change adaptation through price signals. A review of research reveals that urban, coastal, and agricultural land markets provide effective signals of the emerging costs of climate change. These signals encourage adjustments by both private owners and policy officials in taking preemptive action to reduce costs. In agriculture, they promote consideration of new cropping and tillage practices, seed types, timing, and location of production. They also stimulate use of new irrigation technologies. In urban areas, they motivate new housing construction, elevation, and location away from harm. They channel more efficient use of water and its application to parks and other green areas to make urban settings more desirable with higher temperatures. Related water markets play a similar role in adjusting water use and reallocation. To be effective, however, markets must reflect multiple traders and prices must be free to adjust. Where these conditions are not met, market signals will be inhibited and market-driven adaptation will be reduced. Because public policy is driven by constituent demands, it may not be a remedy. The evidence of the National Flood Insurance Program and federal wildfire response illustrates how politically difficult it may be to adjust programs to be more adaptive.

Climate Change Discourse and Adaptation Narrative

2017 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Learning Science ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Discussion Threads ◽  
Climate Change Community

This chapter defines the dominant climate change discourse and the adaptation narrative linking the latter with mainstream social sciences. As commonly observed, the current discourse on climate change adaptation is rich and dynamic. However, because of the diversity of disciplines engaged in it, the narrative at times would lack coherence as seen in discussion threads on vulnerability, awareness and resilience. The climate change community submits that one's exposure to climate threats, sensitivity to climate extremes and adaptive capacity to climate impacts determine vulnerability to climate risks. Furthermore, the community uses the terms awareness and knowledge interchangeably when the behavioral and learning science traditions make clear distinctions and differentiations between the two. The current discourse also pays emphasis on the words resilience and sustainability and highlights the transdisciplinary nature of each. The authors present their arguments on how these discussion threads should be effectively treated.

scholarly journals Resiliens i et globalt klimaperspektiv

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Mikkel Fugl Eskjær
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Climate Change Resilience

Resilience has become a key concept in the global climate change discourse, not least in relation to climate change adaptation in the Global South. Taking Bangladesh as an example, this paper explores the role and function of resilience in one of the most climate vulnerable nations. The aim is to examine and critically discuss the popularity of resilience in recent climate change policy. The paper looks into the following aspects of climate change resilience: (i) the relation between resilience and the concepts of mitigation/adaptation; (ii) resilience as a re-description of existing socio-ecological means of adaptation; (iii) resilience as an example of the integration of climate change adaptation and development; (iv) resilience as a strategic resource in obtaining international climate change funding. The four aspects illustrate how the discourse of resilience is surrounded by rather diverse mechanisms and dynamics, which may account for the concepts popularity. It further indicates that while the concept promises a pro-poor and context sensitive approach to climate change resilience, it also risks effacing the principal differences between development and climate change adaptation.

scholarly journals Recent Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Sahel: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Epule Epule ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽  
Driss Dhiba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Status ◽  
Climatic Drivers

Climate change adaptation continues to be central on the agenda of most African countries. Current understanding of the state of adaptation is limited in Africa. The Sahel is selected because of persistent declines in precipitation and rising temperatures. Here, we examine the status of adaptation actions across the Sahel by reviewing the primary peer review literature. A total of 70 peer review papers that document 414 discrete adaptations provide a snapshot of adaptations developed between 1975 and 2020. From a country-to-country perspective, Kenya has the highest number of reported adaptation actions (75 or 18.1%). From a regional standpoint, West Africa recorded about 261 or 18.1% of all adaptation actions reported. Income diversification of livelihoods, and water harnessing were reported as the most used adaptation actions in the Sahel. Based on categories, technically based adaptation actions are the most used options. The period 2008–2016 registered 65.2% of all adaptations. 98% of adaptation actions are reported to be driven by climate while non-climatic drivers account for 95% of adaptation actions. The findings presented here are proxies of climate change adaptation; some relevant information might be found in gray literature which not used because gray literature is less standardized because it is not subject to peer review.

scholarly journals Changes in Climate Extremes in Central Asia under 1.5 and 2 °C Global Warming and their Impacts on Agricultural Productions

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xiu Geng ◽  
Zhixin Hao ◽  
Jingyun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Changes in climate extremes under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming may impact agricultural production across Central Asia. We used the simulated daily data of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project and analyzed the current climate status and future projected changes of a set of climate extreme indices related to agricultural production under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming. In addition, the possible impacts of climate change on agricultural production in Central Asia were discussed. The results show that the annual mean temperature in Central Asia will increase by 1.48 °C and 2.34 °C at 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming levels, respectively, compared to the base period (1986–2005), and the increasing trends are significant at the α = 0.01 level for all grids. The number of warm days and growing season length will increase. Under the 1.5 °C scenario, the mean annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and heavy precipitation (R95P) will experience increases of 7.68% and 26.55%, respectively, and the consecutive dry days (CDD) will be reduced by 1.1 days. However, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) shows significant drought conditions in most of Central Asia (more than 60%). Under the 2 °C scenario, there will be a 3.89% increase in PRCPTOT and a 24.78% increase in R95P. Nevertheless, accompanying the increase in CDD (0.8 day) and the decrease in SPEI, drought conditions will be further exacerbated. These results indicate that Central Asia is likely to face more severe ecological problems in the future, which will threaten the regional agricultural production and the food security. Therefore, adaptation strategies should be implemented immediately to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on Central Asia’s agriculture.

scholarly journals Implications of climate change for New Zealand’s natural hazards risk management

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Very High ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The significant challenge posed for current and future generations by the impacts of climate change (IPCC, 2014) raises questions about whether ‘better government’ is required for adequate responses. Climate change exacerbates current natural hazard risk and creates impacts not experienced before. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded with ‘very high confidence’ that impacts from recent climate extremes reveal significant exposure and vulnerability of human systems to ‘current climate variability’ (IPCC, 2014, p.6). This ‘adaptation deficit’ (IPCC, 2014; Parry et al., 2009) highlights the sensitivity of society and its underpreparedness to change. The concentration of development in low-lying coastal areas and on flood plains that will be increasingly exposed to climate change impacts, such as sea level rise and high-intensity rainfall events, compounds the problem. 

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