Setting the Stage
This chapter begins by looking at two trips to Iraq: the first by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, and the second by National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley. Hadley's trip in November of 2006 was particularly crucial—it was meant to gauge prospects for a change in course, and to determine whether Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki was a viable partner. Back in Washington, the Republican Party's loss of control of both houses of Congress in the midterm elections, along with Bush's eventual firing of Donald Rumsfeld, interacted with the growing intellectual ferment inside government and led Bush to launch and publicly announce a formal review of strategy in Iraq. Rumsfeld's replacement, Robert Gates, while named to the post in early November, would not formally take charge for another month. Time was now of the essence for the president. He was losing the war in Iraq, and, as Stephen Cambone, the undersecretary of defense for intelligence, put it, “he was losing the war here at home.”