‘Attorneys of the poor’: Training physicians to tackle health inequalities

Michael EB FitzPatrick; Charles Badu-Boateng; Christopher Huntley; Caitlin Morgan

doi:10.7861/fhj.2020-0242

Health inequalities in hypertension and diabetes management among the poor in urban areas: a population survey analysis in south Korea

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-016-3169-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Young-Jee Jeon ◽

Chung Reen Kim ◽

Joo-Sung Park ◽

Kyung-Hyun Choi ◽

Myoung Joo Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Survey ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

The Poor

Download Full-text

865The dynamics of SES-related health inequality across the lifecycle and the role of selective mortality

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dennis Petrie ◽

Paul Allanson ◽

Linkun Chen ◽

Ulf Gerdtham

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Health Inequality ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Selective Mortality ◽

Inequality Decomposition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

The Poor ◽

The Rich

Abstract Background The positive cross-sectional association between health and SES often strengthens at younger ages before peaking at middle ages and then weakening at older ages. Selective mortality is a possible reason for the weakening relationship at older ages but current evidence for this is limited. Methods This paper uncovers the changing nature of the inter-dependence between SES and health over the lifecycle by further developing and applying longitudinal inequality decomposition techniques which account for mortality. We examine changes in SES-related health inequality for rolling age cohorts by gender for Australia (using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey) and the United Kingdom (using the Understanding Society survey). Results We find for young men in both countries that the simultaneous co-movement in both health and income plays the major role in increasing health inequalities. At middle ages the poor start to lose health more quickly than the rich but at older ages selective mortality plays the major role with the poor more likely to die than the rich which also has an indirect effect of making morbidity losses seem less concentrated among the poor. Conclusions Selective mortality plays a major role in weakening the relationship between SES and health at older ages. Past studies have missed identifying the full effect of selective mortality. Key messages SES-related health inequalities accumulate throughout the lifecycle, even in older ages.

Download Full-text

An Unhealthy Country

10.1093/oso/9780197576427.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-44

Author(s):

Sandro Galea

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Jim Crow ◽

Health Inequities ◽

The United States ◽

Political Rights ◽

Marginalized Communities ◽

The Poor ◽

The Us ◽

Black Populations

This chapter analyzes the health divides in the United States, which unfold along economic, racial, and ethnic lines. These health divides reflect a core paradox of modernity—a world that is simultaneously far healthier than it has ever been and far less healthy than it could be. By bringing health inequalities to the surface, COVID-19 complicates the narrative of progress. Again and again in the US, one sees people sicken and die not just from the disease, but from a status quo which significantly increased their chance of catching the contagion or developing a more serious case of it. Indeed, it soon became clear that Black populations were significantly likelier to suffer from the virus than whites. Being owned as property, then being subject to generations of Jim Crow laws and the denial of full social and political rights, created for the Black community a level of disadvantage constituting a foundational flaw in the overall health of the country. If any good came from COVID-19, it was that the pandemic shattered the idea that the poor health faced by marginalized communities is merely the problem of those communities and that it is not fundamentally a product of the health inequities.

Download Full-text

The wealthy get healthy, the poor get poorly? Lay perceptions of health inequalities

Social Science & Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 2171-2182 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Rosemary Davidson ◽

Jenny Kitzinger ◽

Kate Hunt

Keyword(s):

Health Inequalities ◽

Lay Perceptions ◽

The Poor

Download Full-text

High-Resolution, Low-Voltage SEM of Cell Wall Regeneration of Yeast Shizosaccharomyces Pombe Protoplasts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103127 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 208-211

Author(s):

M. Osumi ◽

N. Yamada ◽

T. Nagatani

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Cell Wall Regeneration ◽

The Past ◽

The Poor ◽

Probe Size ◽

Beam Damage ◽

Biological Field ◽

Scanning Electron

Even though many early workers had suggested the use of lower voltages to increase topographic contrast and to reduce specimen charging and beam damage, we did not usually operate in the conventional scanning electron microscope at low voltage because of the poor resolution, especially of bioligical specimens. However, the development of the “in-lens” field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) has led to marked inprovement in resolution, especially in the range of 1-5 kV, within the past year. The probe size has been cumulated to be 0.7nm in diameter at 30kV and about 3nm at 1kV. We have been trying to develop techniques to use this in-lens FESEM at low voltage (LVSEM) for direct observation of totally uncoated biological specimens and have developed the LVSEM method for the biological field.

Download Full-text

Artefacts in the x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated biological samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127724 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 658-659

Author(s):

Patrick Echlin

Keyword(s):

Electron Scattering ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Fracture Face ◽

Detailed Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Morphological Appearance ◽

The Poor ◽

Freeze Dried

A number of papers have appeared recently which purport to have carried out x-ray microanalysis on fully frozen hydrated samples. It is important to establish reliable criteria to be certain that a sample is in a fully hydrated state. The morphological appearance of the sample is an obvious parameter because fully hydrated samples lack the detailed structure seen in their freeze dried counterparts. The electron scattering by ice within a frozen-hydrated section and from the surface of a frozen-hydrated fracture face obscures cellular detail. (Fig. 1G and 1H.) However, the morphological appearance alone can be quite deceptive for as Figures 1E and 1F show, parts of frozen-dried samples may also have the poor morphology normally associated with fully hydrated samples. It is only when one examines the x-ray spectra that an assurance can be given that the sample is fully hydrated.

Download Full-text

Influence of the Acoustic Reflex on Vowel Recognition

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2903.420 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 420-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael Dorman ◽

Ingrid Cedar ◽

Maureen Hannley ◽

Marjorie Leek ◽

Julie Mapes Lindholm

Keyword(s):

Auditory System ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Recognition Accuracy ◽

Pressure Level ◽

Acoustic Reflex ◽

The Poor ◽

Stapedial Reflex ◽

Vowel Recognition ◽

High Sound

Computer synthesized vowels of 50- and 300-ms duration were presented to normal-hearing listeners at a moderate and high sound pressure level (SPL). Presentation at the high SPL resulted in poor recognition accuracy for vowels of a duration (50 ms) shorter than the latency of the acoustic stapedial reflex. Presentation level had no effect on recognition accuracy for vowels of sufficient duration (300 ms) to elicit the reflex. The poor recognition accuracy for the brief, high intensity vowels was significantly improved when the reflex was preactivated. These results demonstrate the importance of the acoustic reflex in extending the dynamic range of the auditory system for speech recognition.

Download Full-text