scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AS BYPRODUCT OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM AGRO-WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
V Manivasagan ◽  
K Susmitha ◽  
S Prabavathi ◽  
K Saranya ◽  
N G Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Ethanol Pretreatment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The present study aims to evaluate the potential of agro wastes such as apple pomace, Grasses, sugarcane bagasse as potential sources of bioethanol production. Bioethanol is the one of the recent increasing biofuels due to its positive impact on the environment and especially towards second generation of biofuels i.e. from non-food biomass. It’s produced from high sugar and starch containing raw materials and lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulose may be a complex mixture of carbohydrate that needs an efficient pretreatment for the assembly of fermentable sugar, after hydrolysis are fermented into ethanol. Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally thanks to economic and environmental sustainability of ethanol production. Microbes like Zymomonas mobilis, and Phanerochaete provide sufficient fermentation yield and can be utilized for fermenting lignocellulosic substrate. These microbes are isolated from the feedstock samples in the present study. A suitable media was also designed for the growth of the isolated microorganisms. The antioxidant tests were analyzed on the potential samples using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Lowering the cost of bioethanol production is one of the biggest challenges currently and can be greatly reduced by utilizing renewable feedstocks. Thus, making bioethanol is more economically competitive compared to fossil fuel.

Key drivers influencing the commercialization of ethanol-based biorefineries

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj K Chandel ◽  
Om V Singh ◽  
Gajula Chandrasekhar ◽  
Linga Venkateswar Rao ◽  
Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Cost

The imposition of ethanol derived from biomass for blending in gasoline would make countries less dependent on current petroleum sources, which would save foreign exchange reserves, improve rural economies and provide job opportunities in a clean and safe environment. The key drivers for successful commercial ethanol production are cheap raw materials, economic pretreatment technologies, in-house cellulase production with high and efficient titers, high ethanol fermentation rates, downstream recovery of ethanol and maximum by-products utilization. Furthermore, recent developments in engineering of biomass for increased biomass, down-regulation of lignin synthesis, improved cellulase titers and re-engineering of cellulases, and process integration of the steps involved have increased the possibility of cheap bioethanol production that competes with the price of petroleum. Recently, many companies have come forward globally for bioethanol production on a large scale. It is very clear now that bioethanol will be available at the price of fossil fuels by 2010. This article intends to provide insight and perspectives on the important recent developments in bioethanol research, the commercialization status of bioethanol production, the step-wise cost incurred in the process involved, and the possible innovations that can be utilized to reduce the cost of ethanol production.

Trends in Precision Manufacturing Based on Intelligent Design and Advanced Metrology

2013 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Numan Durakbasa ◽  
Gokcen Bas ◽  
Jorge Martin Bauer ◽  
Günther Poszvek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The One

ts of extreme importance in present time of worldwide international competition in industry and production engineering to safe time on the one hand and on the other keep an eye on increasingly higher costs of energy and raw materials. Comprehensive knowledge in the areas of market requirements, product and process development and design, intelligent metrology and end of life management are important presuppositions to achieve rapid, agile, waste free and cost-effective production of innovative, customized complex products using next-generation materials as well as to protect the environment by making zero emissions and improve environmental sustainability and reduce the use of energy by using intelligent manufacturing systems.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES OF MANUFACTURE AND USE OF BIOETHANOL IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. Helena-SKORUK
Author(s):  
Helena SKORUK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
The Cost

The article analyzes the relevance of bioethanol production in Ukraine. The possibility of replacing traditional types of fuel with alternatives and reducing the purchase of imported energy resources is explored. The cost of raw materials of energy crops in one ton of bioethanol is calculated. Estimates of the differences in the calculation of the economic efficiency of different crops for the production of bioethanol. The essence of biofuel use and features of its use in Ukraine are revealed. The article uses statistical data on crop yields at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine, data on production capacities of processing enterprises, and a comparison of the cost of bioethanol of the most powerful producer countries of this type of biofuel.

scholarly journals Development of herbal teabag products based on regional potency to improve forest communities’ welfare

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
R Maharani ◽  
A Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
High Potential ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
The Cost

Abstract On May 10, 2019, the Directorate General of Sustainable Production Forest Management with online shopping @shopee_id began collaboration to promote and market Non-Timber Forest Products in order to improve Indonesian economic. The potential of non-timber forest products in East Kalimantan, Indonesia is abundant, especially the utilization as medicinal plants based on local wisdom, such as in Merabu village, Berau district, and Dilang Puti village, West Kutai district, East Kalimantan. Traditional medicinal products tend to be less regulated and have no selling value. This study aims to develop herbal teabag products, beginning from production process, the cost of production, brand naming, and to strengthening an organization for manage or manufacture herbal teabags from these two villages. Merabu has high potential of gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), karamunting (Melastoma malabatricum), and ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri). The product made is prima tea, with main ingredients of mixed leaves of A. malaccensis, R. tomentosa and a little amount of E. zwageri powder as a dye. Meanwhile, Dilang Puti has high potential of laban (Vitex pubescens), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). Thus, a tea product namely Pusaka tea is introduced, with the main ingredients of mixed inner bark of V. pubescens and Z. officinale powder. All processing implements a cooperative model to produce herbal teabags, with raw materials taken from members’ garden. The product manufacturing training process tends to be faster and easier, while naming is quite long due to a common name should recognized by all parties, beginning from young people, general public, and customary elders. Furthermore, herbal tea bag products are packaged and sold through established organizations, which then have a positive impact on local communities’ income.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Sweet Sorghum Residues by Trichoderma citrinoviride C1 Enzymes Cocktail for Effective Bioethanol Production

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Anna Kancelista ◽  
Joanna Chmielewska ◽  
Paweł Korzeniowski ◽  
Wojciech Łaba
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
The One ◽  
Trichoderma Citrinoviride ◽  
The Cost

Improved cost-effective bioethanol production using inexpensive enzymes preparation was investigated. Three types of waste lignocellulosic materials were converted—for the production of enzyme preparation, a mixture of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran, while the source of sugars in hydrolysates was sweet sorghum biomass. A novel enzyme cocktail of Trichoderma citrinoviride C1 is presented. The one-step ultrafiltration process of crude enzyme extract resulted in a threefold increase of cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. The effectiveness of enzyme preparation, compared to Cellic® CTec2, was tested in an optimized enzymatic hydrolysis process. Depending on the test conditions, hydrolysates with different glucose concentrations were obtained—from 6.3 g L−1 to 14.6 g L−1 (representing from 90% to 79% of the CTec2 enzyme yield, respectively). Furthermore, ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIHA Active Yeast 6 strain DF 639 in optimal conditions reached about 120 mL kg d.m.−1 (75% compared with the CTec2 process). The achieved yields suggested that the produced enzyme cocktail C1 could be potentially used to reduce the cost of bioethanol production from sweet sorghum biomass.

scholarly journals Sulfur Isotope Analysis to Examine the Provenance of Cinnabar Used in Wall Paintings in the Roman domus Avinyó (Barcelona)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Evanthia Tsantini ◽  
Takeshi Minami ◽  
Miguel Ángel Cau Ontiveros ◽  
Kazuya Takahashi ◽  
Joan Carles Melgarejo
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Isotope ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
High Status ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Wall paintings in the Roman period were used to decorate both public and private spaces; therefore, they reflect, on the one hand, ideas and convictions, and on the other, daily activities and socio-economic models. Characterizations of the pigments used in mural paintings are useful for determining the economic status of a specific settlement or the importance of a particular area or the buildings within it, since the cost of different pigments varied widely. Isotope analysis can be used to identify the provenance of pigments and to establish whether the raw materials are local, regional, or imported. This provides very important information, as it might be related to both the quality and the cost of the pigments, which, in turn, might be indicators of the socio-economic status of the area in question. The present study examines the sulfur isotope ratios of the cinnabar used in Roman wall paintings sampled from the high-status Roman Domus of Casa d’Avinyó and compares them with the ratios of the analyzed geological ores sampled at various Spanish cinnabar/mercury mines. The results exclude the possibility of the cinnabar being imported from outside the Iberian Peninsula. An isotopic analysis also suggested a few possible sources for the pigments.

scholarly journals Advanced Bioethanol Production: From Novel Raw Materials to Integrated Biorefineries

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Cristina Álvarez ◽  
Pablo Doménech ◽  
Paloma Manzanares ◽  
Antonio D. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
The Cost

The production of so-called advanced bioethanol offers several advantages compared to traditional bioethanol production processes in terms of sustainability criteria. This includes, for instance, the use of nonfood crops or residual biomass as raw material and a higher potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The present review focuses on the recent progress related to the production of advanced bioethanol, (i) highlighting current results from using novel biomass sources such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and certain industrial residues (e.g., residues from the paper, food, and beverage industries); (ii) describing new developments in pretreatment technologies for the fractionation and conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as the bioextrusion process or the use of novel ionic liquids; (iii) listing the use of new enzyme catalysts and microbial strains during saccharification and fermentation processes. Furthermore, the most promising biorefinery approaches that will contribute to the cost-competitiveness of advanced bioethanol production processes are also discussed, focusing on innovative technologies and applications that can contribute to achieve a more sustainable and effective utilization of all biomass fractions. Special attention is given to integrated strategies such as lignocellulose-based biorefineries for the simultaneous production of bioethanol and other high added value bioproducts.

scholarly journals Optimization and Assessment of Different Parameters and Utilizing Food Waste from the College Canteen for Bioethanol Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
By Products ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Bioethanol production from canteen food wastes not only resolves pollution issues by decreasing food waste management it also meets the requirement of bio-fuels. The development of alternatives to fossil fuels like bio-fuel is appropriate and increasingly urgent with the reduction of resources of fossil fuels and the progressively worsening situation of our atmosphere and natural surroundings. The usage of biofuels is one option to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases in the nearer future. Different promising raw materials have been considered for the production of bio-ethanol throughout the last few decades. Food waste from school and college canteens are increasing environmental problem. Food waste might be considered as an edible and non-toxic waste-derived during food production or consumption system. Food waste generated in canteens is rich in carbohydrate, which comprises 65% of total solids due to its high quantity of starch. Through the use of fermentation technology, this waste can be converted to useful by-products like bio-ethanol. Therefore, the exploitation of hotel and restaurant food waste for bio-ethanol production can absolutely influence both energy and environmental sustainability.

Input Cost Adjustments and WTO Anti-Dumping Law: A Closer Look at the EU Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERZOD SHADIKHODJAEV
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn anti-dumping procedures, the EU authorities have adjusted State-distorted input costs in the constructed normal value to market benchmarks. This methodology increases the amount of anti-dumping duties and hence import barriers to foreign goods produced with low-priced raw materials. Such cost adjustments are based on certain EU anti-dumping provisions that implement corresponding World Trade Organization (WTO) rules under which the cost of input must be derived, as a principle, from the records of target companies in the exporting country if those records, inter alia, reasonably reflect production costs of the product under investigation. But in the case of input costs distorted by the government, the EU authorities have typically deviated from this principle relying on alternative sources on the grounds of unreasonable costs. While the EU jurisprudence has so far been generally lenient towards this methodology as applied to significant distortions in the raw material (upstream) market, the recent WTO appellate ruling in EU–Biodiesel is rather negative on its use in the presence of the valid domestic records. This article examines the EU anti-dumping practice as reviewed in both EU and WTO judicial proceedings and discusses some legislative reforming options under both regimes. It concludes that the WTO anti-dumping rules should be amended to allow market-oriented cost adjustments in the normal value, on the one hand, and ensure parallel export price adjustments, on the other.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS ON THE BASIS OF INCREASING THE PROFITABILITY OF ENTERPRISES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF "NESTLE UKRAINE")

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesia Gnylianska ◽  
◽  
Lesia Say ◽  
Liliana Lenjo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Competitive Products

This article is devoted to aspects of development of international economic relations on the basis of profitability of the enterprise, on the example of Ltd «Nestle S.A». As an active and universal tool for state regulation of economic and social processes in the state, profit concentrates the interests of entrepreneurial structures, individual participants in economic activity, various parts of the economy. The profitability of enterprises is due to the development of the market economy, since the efficiency of financial and economic activity of enterprises has a positive impact on the economic potential of the country. Each company improves its financial position by trying to get the highest return. Consequently, obtaining positive results and income can correspond to a complex financial situation, which can lead to a decrease in the most important financial indicator of the enterprise - the amount of income, which will lead to insolvency and bankruptcy of the enterprise. The article focuses on the areas of profitability in the conditions of work at the enterprise on the basis of acquired theoretical skills in different situations and analysis of the main ways of increasing the profitability of the enterprise, as well as developing practical recommendations for improving the formation, planning and distribution of profits on the example of Ltd «Nestle S.A». This circumstance causes the relevance and scientific problems of the study. The article systematized a set of factors influencing the profitability of the enterprise to achieve an economic result. The analysis of features and methods of evaluation of profitability of the analyzed enterprise is carried out. Trends in the development of its production and economic activity and trends in the development of international economic relations are studied. Applied recommendations for improving the development of international economic relations on the basis of increasing profitability have been developed. Offered to this enterprise Ltd «Nestle S.A» implementation of measures to improve the quality and safety of production, sales and management processes, namely: improving the quality of manufactured and sold goods and the efficiency of the technologies used, improving the skills of employees involved in the production process and their motivation, reducing the cost of production by purchasing raw materials from domestic manufacturers and producing competitive products, will be able to increase the volume of production and sales of products, improving commodity specialization, and this, in turn, will lead to an increase in the amount of profit received.

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