scholarly journals Agriculture Sector Credit and Output Relationship in Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar Dahal ◽  
Khagendra Kumar Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the condition of priority of commercial banks to provide loans to the agricultural sector and to find the relationship and impact of agricultural loans to the agricultural GDP of Nepal. Objectives: This study aims to compare the condition of loan disbursements in agricultural and manufacturing sectors. It further aims to compare loan percent with growth and contribution to the GDP of the agricultural and industrial sectors and tries to show the impact of agricultural loans to the agricultural GDP of Nepal. Methods: It was based on a descriptive and analytical research design. Statistical tools standard deviation, correlation, regression, etc. are used and Excel, and EViews software are used for the statistical calculations. Statistical calculations and graphs are simultaneously used to show and compare the condition of variables. Results: Commercial banks give higher priority to the manufacturing sector for loans than the agricultural sector. The Johansen Co-integration test indicates no long-run relationship between loans of commercial banks and agricultural output in Nepal. However, the least-squares method, it indicates that a positive causal relationship between agricultural loans and agricultural growth. Implications: The loans of commercial banks directly stimulate the growth of agriculture but the amount of growth is less noticeable. Thus, it is concluded that the commercial bank's loan alone cannot affect and control the growth of the agricultural sector of the Nepalese economy therefore the government should increase its expenditure on the agricultural sector.

THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PERFOMANCE IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-57
Author(s):  
John Githii Kimani ◽  
Dr. George Ruigu Ruigu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of research and development investment/expenditure on the agricultural sector performance in Kenya.Methodology: The study took the peoples impact assessment direction. The data for this study was collected from various government agencies such as KARI, ASTI, Kenya Agricultural Sector Data compendium website, FAOSTAT, World Bank among others. Co-integration and error correction modeling methods were used in analyzing the data for this study.Results: Co-integration results for both the parsimonious and non-parsimonious model indicated that that there is a long-run relationship among the variables in the agriculture performance in Kenya. Further, findings in this study indicated that the variables under study were insignificant determinants of the long run Total Factor Productivity of the agricultural sector.  Meanwhile, Trade openness was the only significant determinant of the short run agricultural Total Factor Productivity.Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: This study recommends the institutionalization of policies aimed at ensuring interaction between the various stakeholders in the agricultural sectors. This interaction will ensure that resources are better allocated to reduce duplication of research and dissemination activities. In addition, greater collaboration among the stakeholders will promote and strengthen the connection between research, policy and the application of research findings. The study further advocates that the government should follow a trade liberazation oriented approach to the agricultural sector as opposed to a trade tightening approach.

Impact of Trade Openness on Nigerian Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation, 1970–2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Nwadike ◽  
Ani Kelechi Johnmary ◽  
Chukwuma Samuel Alamba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Geopolitical territories have often engaged in one form of trade or another with their neighbours. That is because no nation in the world can survive without one form of trade with other sovereign states. This study examines the nature of trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria from 1970–2011. The emphasis of this empirical study is to ascertain the impact of trade openness on Nigeria’s economic growth. Causal comparative or ex-post facto research design was adopted in the study. Econometric time series analyses like ADF unit root test, co-integration test and the ordinary least squared (OLS) were employed in the study. The result obtained was used to test the hypotheses, and it was revealed that (i) Trade Openness has positive significant impact on Nigeria’s economic growth; while (ii) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) responds to the shock of Trade Openness value as a proxy of total import and total export divided by GDP as well as change in Exchange Rate (DEXR) within Nigeria’s economy during the period of study. Thus, the co-integration results indicate that there exists long-run relationship among the variables used; hence; the researchers then recommended that there is urgent need for the government to create enabling environment for good trade policy that would attract both foreign and domestic private sector investment in the country. JEL Codes: F13, B27

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Test for the ‘Dutch Disease’ in the U.S.A using the ARDL Bounds Testing Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Asiam Addey
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of the most recent oil boom on North Dakota’s agricultural sector. I employ the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model to examine short and long run relationships among four labor competing sectors. The model produces an optimal lag order of ARDL (6,6,6,5). Results reveal an 80% speed of adjustment coefficient. This implies that about 80% of any disequilibrium caused by a shock to the economy can be corrected within a quarter of a year. The oil sector has a negative and positive impact on the agricultural and construction sectors respectively but no significant impact on the manufacturing sector. The impulse response function (IRF) from an orthogonalized structural vector autoregression (SVAR) matrix system revealed no deviation from the boom period equilibrium agricultural GDP. Structural spending policies are recommended to curb the negative effects of another oil boom on labor competing sectors. The introduction of an agricultural wage transfer tax will also be helpful in the event of another oil boom.

scholarly journals ​Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Indian Agriculture: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Goel ◽  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
Anshul Phaugat ◽  
Sapna Grewal ◽  
Mukesh Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Direct Loss ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

More than 10 million laborer have been displaced from their usual workplaces during the suddenly announced lockdown by the government of India in 2020 in order to prevent and control the spread of one of the deadliest diseases of our times namely; COVID 19, popularly known as Sars Corona Virus in March - June 2020; as per the official figures provided by the GOI. There has not been a single sector that remained unaffected from the devastating impacts of COVID-19, not even agriculture. The impact of lockdown on agriculture is hard to measure as it involves a complex relationship between multiple direct and indirect factors like labour availability, lack of supply of raw materials from the agro-industrial sector etc. The lockdown period created severe economic implications (negative) for farmers (small, marginal and large), landless laborer and all the other agricultural stakeholders who had to face new challenges for earning their livelihood. The direct loss to the agriculture sector was estimated to multi-corers by various government officials while the indirect losses may be many folds of the direct loss. The marginal income of laborers in the agriculture sector was believed to be coming close to zero due to lockdown conditions. In addition to this, smart investments, improved technologies and standardized model frameworks must be designed for the agriculture sector to combat the COVID 19 impact. The current analytical review is focused on all the major factors associated with the agriculture sector that have been highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from production, storage to procurement and selling. The lockdown has choked off almost all economic activities. In urban areas, COVID-19 forced widespread loss of jobs and incomes for informal workers. Estimated by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, unemployment shot up from 8.4% in mid-March to 23% in the first week of April 2020 further soaring to 30.9% by the end of April, 2020. We have also looked into the possible strategies that can be taken into consideration by the government as well as those associated with the agricultural-food sector. This pandemic has emerged several new challenges to the agricultural sector but has given us time to think and strategize things for better management in future. Suggestions have also been made to adopt alternate approaches and work in this newly created world with the ability of better resource handling.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice Markets Integration in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ismail Hossain ◽  
Wim Verbeke
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Interdependence

The liberalization of the agricultural sector in general and the rice subsector in particular has been a major component of Bangladesh’s structural adjustment program initiated in 1992. However, the government has continued to intervene in the rice subsector. This paper examines whether the regional/divisional rice markets have become spatially integrated following the liberalization of the rice market. Wholesale weekly coarse rice prices at six divisional levels over the period of January 2004 to November 2006 were used to test the degree of market integration in Bangladesh using co-integration analysis and a vector error correction model (VECM). The Johansen co-integration test indicated that there are at least three co-integrating vectors implying that rice markets in Bangladesh during the study period are moderately linked together and therefore the long-run equilibrium is stable. The short-run market integration as measured by the magnitude of market interdependence and the speed of price transmission between the divisional markets has been weak.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE OF E-COMMERCE ADOPTION IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR THROUGHOUT THE COVID-19: BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture is the solution to the overall development of any country. The internet lasts to become more widespread among people who transact with the agricultural business of any type. The incomplete health crisis about COVID 19 has affected all communities Frontline Health Responders are a priority for countries in saving the lives of the people suffering from this disease. The government has taken action since the Coronavirus hit created an extraordinary situation. India initially announced a three-week nationwide lockdown until the middle of April, after that was extended to achieve satisfactory control of the virus outbreak. In these tough times how Indian farmers react to the crisis and the actions taken by the government to help farmers across the country. The main objective of the study is to analyze the impact of e-commerce on the agricultural sector throughout the Covid 19 pandemic. The study employs samples from farmers of the Warangal and Nalgonda districts. The purpose of the study is to examine the E-commerce sources selected for the agriculture sector and Reasons for using e-commerce in the agriculture and Overall satisfaction on utilization of e-commerce in agriculture sector throughout covid-19. The result reveals that farmers started benefiting from the use of e-commerce in their agriculture. The findings of the study suggest that government should take little more initiation in training and supplying them with agricultural inputs with subsidies. The study briefly explains the Objectives, Hypothesis, Data analysis, Impact, Role, Benefits, and Limitations of E-Commerce in the agricultural sector throughout covid-19.

scholarly journals Emigration and Wages in an Open Economy: Some Evidence from Pakistan

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fixed Prices ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skilled And Unskilled Workers

This paper examines the impact of labour emigration on the wages of both the skilled and unskilled workers. The paper is based on a 3 X 3 trade-theoretic model, where a subset of the goods produced are traded at internationally fIXed prices. The results of the model hinge cruci~y on the intensities of the factors used 'within' the traded goods sectors of the economy. Using the Pakistani data, it is found that unskilled labour is used extremely intensively in the agriculture sector (exportable), skilled labour is used extremely intensively in the manufacturing sector (importable), and capital is used as the middle factor in both the traded goods sectors. Moreover, capital is used significantly less intensively in the construction (non-traded) sector relative to both the traded sectors. Based on the estimated relative factor intensities, the model predicts that emigration of either skilled or unskilled workers from Pakistan, in the long run, would benefit (in nominal as well as real terms) both the skilled and unskilled workers and hurt the owners of capital. The results suggest that the higher wages to both the skilled and unskilled workers must be compensated by a reduction in the rate of returns to capital if export-orientcd and import-competing sectors in Pakistan are to remain internationally competitive.

Exploring the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth: evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Farooq ◽  
Fu Gang ◽  
Zhenzhong Guan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Abbas Ali Chandio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth in Pakistan for the period of 1960–2018.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the Johansen co-integration test and the dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) method are used for the evaluation.FindingsThe results show that in both short- and long run, domestic credit has a significantly negative impact on the agricultural growth, while broad money and cropped area positively affected the agricultural growth in Pakistan in both cases.Practical implicationsThe government and policymakers need to develop strategies that bring together agriculturalists on a single platform so that the government can clearly distinguish the interests of these farmers and can obtain precise information for allocating agricultural expenditure and easing access to credit for small-scale agriculturalists.Originality/valueThis is the first study to evaluate the impact of financial inclusion on the agricultural growth in Pakistan by using different econometric techniques, including the ARDL-bound approach, Johansen co-integration test and DOLS method.

Is Fiscal Deficit Essential for Stimulating Economic Growth in Developing Economies? Theory and Empirical Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The primary purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of fiscal deficit on the economic growth of the Indian economy and find out the causality between fiscal deficit and economic growth from 1981-82 to 2019-20. To analyse the long-run relationship between the variables Johansen Co-integration test was used; after verifying the existence of long-run relationship among variables, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used, and the Granger Causality test was also used for investigating the direction of causality between pair of variables. The findings of the study supported the ideology of classical economists in which they neglected the government intervention for the growth and development of an economy. The results showed that in long run, fiscal deficit had a significant negative impact on economic growth as one percent increase in fiscal deficit demoted the GDP growth rate by 0.075 percent, whereas in the short run, the impact was also found negative, but it was significant only one lag. Simultaneously, there was unidirectional causality found from fiscal deficit to GDP growth.

scholarly journals Sectoral growth linkages of agricultural sector: Implications for food security in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Asim ◽  
Muhammad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sectoral Growth ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Does the growth in non-agricultural sectors spill over to the agricultural sector of an economy? There is limited evidence available on the issue for the developing world, especially for Pakistan which has undergone large structural changes since its independence. This study examined the impact of sectoral growth linkages on agricultural output of Pakistan for the period of 1960–2016. We have estimated an econometric model which incorporates inter-sectoral linkages of Pakistan economy using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Our analysis revealed that the economy of Pakistan has shifted from an agricultural dominant economy to services-based economy during the past six decades. Results of VECM show that the industrial sector has a negative impact on the performance of agricultural output whereas services sector is influencing the output of agriculture sector positively in the long run. Short run results show that industrial sector is affecting the performance of agricultural output positively whereas services sector is influencing the output of agriculture sector negatively. Negative impacts of industry in the long run and services in the short run imply that agricultural sector should be given its due share in public investment and the role of middle man should be minimised at the time of sale of agricultural production in the markets.<br />

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