Calibrating Codes Safety Factors for Different Life Cycles - Proposed Simplified Procedure

Abstract This paper presents a study about safety of reinforced concrete beams subjected to bending moment and designed with the partial safety factors proposed by ABNT NBR 6118:2014. The main goal was to assess the uniformity in the safety of the beams considering different values for the neutral axis position and the load ratio, by using the Reliability Theory. A simplified procedure to calibrate the partial safety factors was proposed taking into account the nature of each random variable and a target reliability index. From the analysis of the results, an alternative method for the design of reinforced concrete beams was also proposed, in which safety is guaranteed by the using of a probability of failure instead a set of partial safety factors. The results showed the lack of uniformity in the safety of the beams design with de constant set of partial safety factors. The procedures of design and calibration of the new safety factors were capable of to give uniformity to the safety of the beams and to achieve the proper structural configuration with the required safety level.

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A rapid silver-impregnation technique on ultra-thin sections for Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147053 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 242-243

Author(s):

K. Chien ◽

R.C. Heusser ◽

M.L. Jones ◽

R.L. Van de Velde

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Silver Impregnation ◽

Sodium Borate ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Impregnation Technique ◽

Centrifuge Tube ◽

Simplified Procedure

Silver impregnation techniques have been used for the demonstration of the complex carbohydrates in electron microscopy. However, the silver stains were believed to be technically sensitive and time consumming to perform. Currently, due to the need to more specifically evaluate immune complex for localization in certain renal diseases, a simplified procedure in conjunction with the use of the microwave has been developed and applied to renal and other biopsies. The procedure is as follows:Preparation of silver methenamine solution:1. 15ml graduated, clear polystyrene centrifuge tube (Falcon, No. 2099) was rinsed once with distilled water.2. 3% hexamethylene tetramine (methenamine) was added into the centrifuge tube to the 6ml mark.3. 3% silver nitrate was added slowly to the methenamine to the 7ml mark while agitating. (Solution will instantly turn milky in color and then clear rapidly by mixing. No precipitate should be formed).4. 2% sodium borate was added to the solution to the 8ml mark, mixed and centrifuged before use.

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Integrated Life Cycles Design of Structures Asko Sarja

Engineering Structures ◽

10.1016/s0141-0296(02)00056-1 ◽

2002 ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Cycles

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Isolation of Antithrombin III from Normal and α1-Antitrypsin-Deficient Human Plasma

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651853 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 38 (02) ◽

pp. 0475-0485 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anna D. Borsodi ◽

Ralph A. Bradshaw

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Isoelectric Focusing ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Factor Xa ◽

Antithrombin Activity ◽

Bovine Trypsin ◽

Normal Plasma ◽

Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽

Simplified Procedure ◽

Stimulation Of

SummaryThe plasma of individuals, hetero- or homozygous for α1-antitrypsin deficiency, contains greatly decreased amounts of antithrombin activity as assayed against factor Xa. However, heparin stimulation of the residual antithrombin activity is observed, which is comparable to that of normal plasma. Antithrombins isolated from both normal and α1-antitrypsin deficient plasma by a simplified procedure are indistinguishable in both properties and yields. The microheterogeneity observed on isoelectric focusing of both preparations can be eliminated by treatment with neuraminidase. Neither purified human antithrombin nor α1-antitrypsin, when assayed against bovine trypsin, is stimulated by heparin. These results clearly establish the unique natures of antithrombin and α1-antitrypsin and show that about 75% of the antithrombin activity measured in normal plasma is due to α1-antitrypsin. Estimates of anti thrombin III activity in normal plasma by assays dependent on enzymatic activity can probably be obtained only in the presence of heparin.

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GENERAL AND SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR CONCLUDING ELECTRONIC CONTRACT

Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law ◽

10.32782/2307-3322.59-1.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 189-192

Author(s):

L.M. Shatalova ◽

Keyword(s):

Electronic Contract ◽

Simplified Procedure

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THE CONCEPT OF AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRY 4.0

Advanced Logistic Systems - Theory and Practice ◽

10.32971/als.2019.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 77-87

Author(s):

György Kovács ◽

Rabab Benotsmane ◽

László Dudás

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Intelligent Systems ◽

Autonomous Systems ◽

Essential Element ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Intelligent Machines ◽

Digital Network

Recent tendencies – such as the life-cycles of products are shorter while consumers require more complex and more unique final products – poses many challenges to the production. The industrial sector is going through a paradigm shift. The traditional centrally controlled production processes will be replaced by decentralized control, which is built on the self-regulating ability of intelligent machines, products and workpieces that communicate with each other continuously. This new paradigm known as Industry 4.0. This conception is the introduction of digital network-linked intelligent systems, in which machines and products will communicate to one another in order to establish smart factories in which self-regulating production will be established. In this article, at first the essence, main goals and basic elements of Industry 4.0 conception is described. After it the autonomous systems are introduced which are based on multi agent systems. These systems include the collaborating robots via artificial intelligence which is an essential element of Industry 4.0.

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Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

History and Computing ◽

10.3366/hac.1994.6.3.133 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 133-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Steve King

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Large Scale ◽

Social Economic ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Multiple Source ◽

Demographic Analysis ◽

Ordinary People ◽

Industrial Community ◽

The Social ◽

Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

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