scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Urinary Tract Pathogenic Infections in Diabetic Patients Attending a Health Facility in Kumasi, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Maxwell Adu-Poku ◽  
Matthew Glover Addo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Proteus Species

Aims: This study seeks to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of urinary tract pathogenic infections in diabetic patients attending a health facility in Kumasi, Ghana. Study Design: A total of 285 patients were recruited using Cochran’s formula at a prevalence of 26.4% for this study from patients attending the University Hospital from April 2018 to October 2018. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Methodology: Clean-catch midstream urine samples were screened for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern using recommended culture methods. Results: Out of the 285 patients, 125 (43.9%) were diabetic with 90 (72%) being female and 35 (28%) male. There was no association between UTI’s and gender (P=0.5799) with diabetic patients recording higher bacteriuria compared to non-diabetics (P< 0.001). Isolates from 113 (39.4%) of the samples were identified and these included, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella species, Proteus species and Staphylococcus aureus. The most predominant was E. coli 62 (54.9%) followed by S. aureus 24 (21.2%), Klebsiella species 14(12.4%), Pseudomonas species 12(10.6%) and Proteus species 1(0.9%). E. coli showed a high antimicrobial sensitivity rates against most of the tested antibiotics, gentamycin (90.3%), amikacin (98.4%), nalidixic (34%), cefotaxime (80.6%) and nitrofurantoin (93%). Proteus spp. on the other hand, showed a 100% sensitivity to all the antibiotics except tetracycline, amikacin and cefotaxime. It was observed that Escherichia coli was mostly resistant to tetracycline (96.8%), norfloxacin (69.4%) and cefotaxime (61.4%). Conclusion: S. aureus showed a higher level of resistance to tetracycline (100%). The prevalence of this study indicated that UTI among diabetic patients was relatively comparable with other studies. Amikacin and nitrofurantoin should be recommended as antimicrobials for the treatment of UTIs whilst the use of tetracycline, norfloxacin and cefotaxime should be discouraged.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility profile in urinary pathogens causing community-acquired infections in diabetic patients in Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez ◽  
Jorge Alberto Cortés ◽  
Aura Lucía Leal ◽  
Gerson Fitzgerald Arias ◽  
María Victoria Ovalle-Guerro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Introducción. La infección de las vías urinarias es la más frecuente en pacientes diabéticos, y es un factor determinante de la morbilidad y la mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. El aumento de la resistencia de los microorganismos adquiridos en la comunidad a los antibióticos comúnmente utilizados para combatirla es alarmante.Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de sensibilidad a los antibióticos de los microorganismos responsables de infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad en pacientes diabéticos atendidos en algunos hospitales de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de un subgrupo de pacientes diabéticos en el marco de una investigación en adultos con infección de origen comunitario de las vías urinarias. Durante un año, se recolectaron aislamientos de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. y Proteus mirabilis en nueve hospitales de Colombia y se determinó su perfil de sensibilidad mediante métodos microbiológicos y moleculares, para establecer la presencia de betalactamasas de espectro extendido del tipo AmpC y de carbapenemasas del tipo KPC.Resultados. Se recolectaron 68 aislamientos (58 de E. coli, nueve de Klebsiella spp. y uno de P. mirabilis). Cuatro (6,9 %) de los aislamientos de E. coli expresaron dichas betalactamasas, en dos (3,4 %) de ellos, pertenecientes al grupo filogenético B2 y al clon ST131, se detectaron las betalactamasas TEM-1 y CTM-X-15. En otros cuatro (6,9 %) aislamientos de E. coli se encontró el fenotipo AmpC, y en tres de ellos se produjeron las betalactamasas TEM-1 y CMY-2. Un aislamiento de K. pneumoniae expresó la carbapenemasa KPC-3.Conclusión. Se confirmó la presencia de cepas productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido y carbapenemasas en microorganismos responsables de infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes diabéticos.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sunayana Raya ◽  
Ankit Belbase ◽  
Laxmi Dhakal ◽  
Krishna Govinda Prajapati ◽  
Reena Baidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production

Background. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infection compared to nondiabetic patients, Escherichia coli being the most common uropathogen causing UTI. Unreasonable and incorrect antibiotic prescription for UTI in these patients may induce the development of antibiotic-resistant urinary pathogens resulting in delayed recovery and longer hospitalization. In addition to these, biofilm forming capacity of the pathogen may worsen the problem. The main aim of this cross-sectional study (conducted from March to September 2015) is to detect the biofilm forming capacity of UTI causing micro-organisms and compare the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, the most common cause of UTI, which will help the physician in choosing the best antibiotic. Method. Total of 1,099 clean-catch mid stream urine (CCMSU) was processed by standard microbiological technique; 182 were from the diabetic group and 917 nondiabetic. Following identification, all isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. In-vitro biofilm forming capacity of the isolates were detected by Microtitre plate method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software 16. Result. Urinary tract infection was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients (42.9%) compared to nondiabetic patients (17.4%) with Escherichia coli as the most common uropathogen in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Similarly, UTI was more common in elderly population (29.5%). Imipenem, nitrofurantoin and amikacin were found to be the most effective drug for uropathogenic E. coli in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, whereas amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole were least effective. Of the total bacterial isolates, 43.3% showed positive results for in-vitro biofilm production by the Microtitre plate method. A significantly higher resistance rate was observed among biofilm producing E. coli for quinolones, cotrimoxazole, and third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone. Most of the biofilm producers (79.5%) were found to be MDR (p-value 0.015). Conclusion. Elderly populations with diabetes are at a higher risk of UTI. Higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antimicrobial agents in this study render its inefficacy for empirical treatment and point out the importance of biofilm screening to ensure the effective management of infection.

Change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates at a single institution over a period of 10 years

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Walkty ◽  
P.R.S. Lagacé-Wiens ◽  
J.A. Karlowsky ◽  
D.J. Hoban ◽  
K. Manickam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Catheter Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections are common. Few published studies have demonstrated the change in Escherichia coli urinary isolate antimicrobial susceptibility over time within a given area and (or) population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates obtained from urine specimens at a single institution over a period of 10 years. The microbiology laboratory information system at St. Boniface Hospital (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) was searched retrospectively from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009, for all E. coli isolates from either a midstream or catheter urine source that had susceptibility testing performed. Only one isolate per patient was included during the entire study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out with either a Microscan instrument (pre-April 2004) or a Vitek instrument (May 2004 onwards). In total, 7353 E. coli urinary isolates were included for evaluation. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility declined significantly, from 99% in 2000 to 85% in 2009 (p < 0.0001). A small but statistically significant decline in susceptibility was also observed for ampicillin, cefazolin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. These data suggest that certain antimicrobials recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole) may no longer be optimal.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Tigecycline against Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Background: Enterobacteriaceae, a large family of Gram-negative bacteria, are one of the commonest etiological agents causing serious bacterial infections to humans. Carbapenems are the group of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action. Infections caused due to Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a huge challenge for existing medical practice. Therefore, this project aimed to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Tigecycline against CRE. Methods: This cross-sectional study with non-probability consecutive sampling was done at Ziauddin Hospital Microbiology Laboratory from 15th August 2017 to 15th April 2018. Accordingly, 151 isolates of CRE were collected from cultures of blood, respiratory tract, wound pus and other body fluids. The growth inhibition zones were measured following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) disk diffusion breakpoint criteria. Frequencies and percentages were computed for gender, microorganism, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Chi-squared test was applied and p≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Klebsiella species were most commonly isolated pathogen, 67.5% (n=102) followed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) 23.2% (n=35), Enterobacter 7.3% (n=11) and Serratia species 2% (n=3). Tigecycline was 97% (34 /35) sensitive for E. coli, 86.3% (88/102) for Klebsiella species), 91% (10/11) for Enterobacter species, and 100% for Serratia species. Klebsiella species showed the highest rate of resistance to tigecycline i.e., 13.7% of the total Klebsiella isolates. Conclusion: Among the Enterobacteriaceae family, Klebsiella species have the greatest ability to acquire resistance. Tigecycline showed good activity against isolates of CRE recovered from infections of skin, soft tissue, intra-abdomen, lower respiratory tract and blood stream. Keywords: Carbapenems; beta-Lactamases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tigecycline; Klebsiella; Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O15 : H7 from Food of Animal Origin in Arsi: Occurrence at Catering Establishments and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Geresu Minda Asfaw ◽  
Regassa Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

Escherichia coli O157 : H7 (E. coli O157 : H7) has been found to be the major cause of food-borne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Hitherto, little is known about the carriage of E. coli O157 : H7 and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile in the food of animal origin in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and multidrug resistance profile of E. coli O157 : H7 from food of animal origin at different catering establishments in the selected study settings of Arsi Zone. One hundred ninety-two animal origin food items, namely, raw/minced meat (locally known as “Kitfo,” “Kurt,” and “Dulet”), raw milk, egg sandwich, and cream cake samples were collected and processed for microbiological detection of E. coli O157 : H7. Out of 192 samples, 2.1% (4/192) were positive for E. coli O157 : H7. Two E. coli O157 : H7 isolates were obtained from “Dulet” (6.3%) followed by “Kurt” (3.1%, 1/32) and raw milk (3.1%, 1/32), whereas no isolate was obtained from “Kitfo,” egg sandwich, and cream cake samples. Of the 4 E. coli O157 : H7 isolates subjected to 10 panels of antimicrobial discs, 3 (75%) were highly resistant to kanamycin, streptomycin, and nitrofurantoin. Besides, all the isolates displayed multidrug resistance phenotypes, 3 to 5 antimicrobial resistance, amid kanamycin, streptomycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli O157 : H7 isolates from foods of animal origin sampled from different catering establishments reveals that the general sanitary condition of the catering establishments, utensils used, and personnel hygienic practices did not comply with the recommended standards. Thus, this finding calls for urgent attention toward appropriate controls and good hygienic practices in different catering establishments dealing with consuming raw/undercooked foods of animal origin.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Gram Negative Bacteria among Hospital and Community Acquired UTI Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Md. Badrul Islam ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Md. Shahjahan Chowdhury ◽  
AFM Arshaedi Sattar ◽  
Samia Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Community Patients

Background: Gram negative bacteria create a great problem during the treatment of urinary tract infection patients. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and distribution of Gram negative bacteria among the UTI patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from June 2007 to May 2008 for a period of 1(one) year. All the patients presented with the clinically suspected UTI at any age with both sexes were selected as study population. Patients who were hospitalized for at least 2 days or more received different antibiotics were designated as hospital acquired UTI; on the other hand patients who were attended in OPD for the first time were considered as community acquired UTI patients. All urine samples were inoculated in Blood agar and MacConkeys agar media. Gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified by colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Result: A total of 220 urine samples were collected from patients suspected to urinary tract infections of which 116 samples were from hospitalized patients and 104 samples were from community patients. Among 220 samples, 132(60.0%) Gram negative bacteria were isolated of which 88(66.7%) isolates were from hospitalized acquired UTI and 44(33.3%) bacteria were isolated from community acquired UTI patients. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.0001). In hospitalized patients out of 88(75.9%) isolated Gram negative bacteria, 67(76.1%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 10(11.4%) isolates were Klebsiella species, 5(5.7%) isolates were Proteus species and 6(6.8%) isolates were Pseudomonas species. Among the isolated bacteria 44(42.3%) bacterial isolates were from community patients of which 36(81.8%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 4(9.1 %) isolates were Klebsiella species, 2(4.5%) isolates were Proteus species and 2(4.5%) bacteria were Pseudomonas species. Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that considerable numbers of Gram negative bacteria were detected from urinary tract infection cases.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014;1(2):24-26

Bacterial Agents and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) of Pediatric Age Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Mohd Rafiq Lone*,Nisar Ahmad Ganie,Mohsin Rashid, Syed Muneeb Mohammad,Javid Ahmad,Nazir Ahmad Parray
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for one of the common cause of hospital visits and therefore determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens will help guide physicians to choice the best choice of antibiotics to affected patients. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriological agent causing the urinary tract infection and determination of their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: Our study was hospital based prospective study in which patients suspected of UTI were admitted and urine sample were collected using ‘urinary catheter’ method in patients less than 3 years of age, while for older children ‘mid stream clean catch’ method was used. Cultures were bacteriologically analyzed using standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for the isolated pathogens.Results: 208 patients with suspected UTI were included in study, out of 208 patients, urine cultures were taken from all patients, 38 cultures (18.2%) were reported as positive. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 27 (71%), Klebsiella Species 6 (15%), Enterococcussps 3(7.8%), Proteus sps 1(2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1(2.6%). E. coli and Klebsiella showed the highest percentage of resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin (100%) however, all isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella were susceptible to Nitofurantoin. Among all UTI isolates, least resistance was observed against drugs such as ceftriaxone, cefixime ciproflaxacilin and gentamicin. Conclusion: The finding of our study showed that E. Coli was the most common uropathogen and there was high resistance to routinely used drugs in clinical practice. So it high time to change the empirical therapy from conventional drugs like ampicillin and amoxicillin to drugs like nitrofurantoin or ciprofloxacilin. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, urine culture, antibiotic susceptibility.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from Raw Milk of Dairy Cattle in Holeta District, Central Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Ababu ◽  
Dereje Endashaw ◽  
Haben Fesseha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

A cross-sectional study was conducted in small, medium, and large-scale dairy farms of Holeta district to isolate, identify, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in raw milk of dairy cattle. A total of 210 lactating cows were selected for raw milk samples, and 19% (40/210) were found to be positive for E. coli whereas 5.2% (11/210) were confirmed as E. coli O157 : H7 positive using the Escherichia coli O157 latex test. Accordingly, all E. coli was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamycin (100%), Oxytetracycline (100%), and Tetracycline (63.63%). Furthermore, the resistance of 72.73%, 54.54%, 54.54%, and 45.45% was developed to Cefoxitin, Sulphamethoxazole, Cloxacillin, and Streptomycin, respectively. Factors such as parity, age, body condition, herd size, milk yield, udder hygiene, and udder lesion showed a statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) association with the occurrence of E. coli infection in dairy cattle. In conclusion, in this study, a higher prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and its drug susceptibility profile is an alarm for the health of the public, and awareness creation to the farm owners and the community is recommended.

Drug Sensitivity Pattern of E. Coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Jinnah ◽  
M S Islam ◽  
M A K Rumi ◽  
M G Morshed ◽  
F Huq
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Remarkable Difference ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Escherichia coli was isolated from 65 urine samples out of 300 specimens collected from diabetic and non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infections. All isolates were screened for susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. No remarkable difference in sensitivity pattern was observed between the E. coli isolates from diabetic and non-diabetic out-patients. However, the isolates from hospitalized diabetic patients showed a clear difference in sensitivity; E. coli from this group was more resistant to commonly used antibiotics compared with those from non-hospitalized diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli among Tunisian Outpatients with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (2012-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Nawel Daoud ◽  
Manel Hamdoun ◽  
Hela Hannachi ◽  
Chedlia Gharsallah ◽  
Wiem Mallekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b><b> </b>Community-acquired urinary tract infection is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice; it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is the main pathogen incriminated. <b><i>Objective:· </i></b>The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired uropathogenic <i>E coli</i> throughout a 7-year period. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b><b> </b>All strains of <i>E. coli</i> isolated from urine samples between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2018 were included. Presence of ≥ 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/ml in urine culture media was considered as significant for urinary tract infection. The identification of <i>E. coli</i> strains was realized using standard laboratory techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to the CA-SFM/ EUCAST criteria. <b><i>Results: </i></b>A total of 1,335 <i>E. coli</i> strains were isolated. Overall susceptibility rates to antimicrobial agents were as follows: ampicillin 39.1%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 64.9%, cefotaxime 94.9%, trimethoprim/sulfamethox-azole 67.6%, ciprofloxacin 89.2%, ofloxacin 86.9%, amikacin 98.6%, gentamicin 93.9%, nitrofurantoin 97.6% and fosfomycin 99.3%. All isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. The frequency of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains was 4.7%. Susceptibility rates of <i>E. coli</i> for ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and amikacin remained relatively stable over the study period, whereas susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime and fluoroquinolones showed a 2-phase pattern. As for gentamicin, a continuous decrease in susceptibility rates was observed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b><b> </b>Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> are constantly changing, due to modifications in the antibiogram interpretation criteria and antibiotic prescription habits. Rigorous surveillance of resistance rate is necessary to determine appropriate empirical treatment and limit the spread of multiresistant strains.

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