scholarly journals Physiological Response of Capsicum annuum L. to Aqueous Extracts of Allelopathic Plants: A Case of Tithonia rotundifolia and Murraya koenigii

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. O. Otusanya ◽  
A. A. Ogunwole ◽  
M. O. Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Murraya Koenigii

The present study evaluated the allelopathic potential of fresh shoot aqueous extracts of Tithonia rotundifolia (FSET) and Murraya koenigii (FSEM) on the germination of seeds, growth, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation of Capsicum annuum. The laboratory experimental results showed that seed germination and juvenile seedling growth of C. annuum were significantly retarded by both FSEM and FSET. The radicle growth was more susceptible to the phytotoxicity of both extracts than the plumule growth. Both plants extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the seedling growth of the recipient crop while the FSET was more phytotoxic than FSEM. However, this retardatory effect of aqueous extracts on growth observed in the laboratory was reversed in the soil-cultured experiments such that application of FSEM significantly enhanced all the studied growth parameters (shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area ratio, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid content in the shoot and percentage crude protein in the shoot and fruits). Likewise, FSET application significantly increased the leaf area, total chlorophyll and percentage crude protein accumulation in the shoot and fruits of the recipient crop at P<.05. This study then emphasizes the fact that T. rotundifolia and M. koenigii are allelopathic plants. The increased ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation in the aqueous extract-treated crop could, apart from enhancing the nutritional benefits of the test crop, be an adaptive mechanism evolved by the crop to overcome the allelopathic stress posed by the application of the aqueous extracts. These findings therefore suggest that allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of M. koenigii and T. rotundifolia could serve as biofertilizers for boosting the production of C. annuum.

Assessing allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. (milk thistle) on germination and seedling growth of Oryza puncta

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Saima Anwar ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Amin ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Oryza Punctata

ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory

scholarly journals Effect of ascorbic and salicylic acids on growth and flowering of Gazania cv. Frosty Kiss Mixed

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544
Author(s):  
Abdul Kareem A.J. Mohammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract An experiment was conducted during the season 2018-2019 in the lath house to study the effect of foliar spray with Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and Salicylic Acid (SA) on vegetative and flowering growth traits of Gazania (Gazania rigens L.) cv. Frosty Kiss Mixed. The experiment was designed as a factorial experiment (3×3) in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Plants were sprayed with concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 mg L-1 of AsA, and 0, 150 and 300 mg L-1 of SA. Foliar spray with 200 mg L-1 of AsA was superior on increasing number of leaves (40.00), number of suckers (9.22), leaf area (2174.09 cm2), leaves dry weight (6.36 g), number of flowers (5.64), early of flowering date (97.22 days), flower fresh and dry weight (4.78 g) (0.51 g) respectively, while spray with a concentration of 100 mg L-1 led to increase flower diameter (6.37 cm) and flowering duration (10.85 days). Foliar spray with SA improved all vegetative and flowering traits. Treatment of 300 mg L-1 was the most significant effect in increasing number of leaves (39.56), leaf area (2182.06 cm2), leaves fresh weight (43.93 g), number of flowers (5.83), flower diameter (6.31 cm), early of flowering date (98.07 days), and flower dry weight (0.50 g). The interaction effect between the studied factors was significant in all studied traits. Treatment of AsA200×SA150 was the most effective and gave the best results in terms of number of suckers (9.11), dry weight of leaves (6.49 g), number of flowers (5.87), flower diameter (6.44 cm), flowering date (96.98 days), flowering duration (10.89 days).

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN HARA MIKRO MELALUI MEDIA DAN DAUN PADA TANAMAN KANGKUNG (Ipomea reptans Poir)

Agrin ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Bhaskara Anggarda Gathot Subrata ◽  
Stefany Darsan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian hara mikro melalui akar dan daun. Penelitiandilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan berupa kontrol,pupuk mikro lewat media, pupuk mikro lewat daun. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 6 kali. Media tanam berupapasir yang sudah dimasukan ke dalam bak penanaman, setelah itu tanam benih kangkung dengan jarak 10x10 cmpada setiap bak. Lalu aplikasikan pupuk melalui media atau daun seminggu sekali. Pengamatan yang dilakukanmeliputi tinggi tanaman dan kehijauan daun dengan SPAD 502 untuk tiap minggunya; aktivitas nitrate reduktase,kandungan klorofil a, klorofil b, dan klorofil total, bobot kering batang, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering daun,bobot kering akar, luas daun (LD), serta analisis pertumbuhan tanaman, meliputi nisbah laju daun (NLD), luasdaun khas (LDK), bobot daun khas (BDK). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pemberian pupuk cairmelalui media maupun daun belum mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kangkung. Perlakuanpada daun cenderung menunjukan hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan pada media pada semuaparameter pengamatan.Kata kunci: efektivitas, hara mikro, akar dan daunABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to know the effectiveness of micro nutrient giving through root and leaf. Theresearch was conducted by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of single factor. Treatment of control,micro-fertilizer through the media, micro-fertilizer through the leaves. Each treatment was repeated 6 times.Planting media in the form of sand that has been inserted into the tub of planting, after that plant the seeds ofkangkung with a distance of 10x10 cm in each tub. Then apply the fertilizer through the media or leaves once aweek. Observations included plant height and greenery of leaves with SPAD 502 for each week; nitrate reductaseactivity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, dry weight of stalk, dry weight of canopy, leaf dryweight, root dry weight, leaf area, and plant growth analysis, including leaf rate ratio, typical leaf area, typicalleaf weight. Based on the research that has been done, the application of liquid fertilizer through the media andleaves has not been to increase the growth and yield of kangkung. Treatment on the leaves tend to show higherresults than treatment on media at all observation parameter.Keywords: effectiveness, micro nutrients, roots and leaves

scholarly journals Capsaicinoids, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activities of Capsicum annuum: Comparative Study of the Effect of Ripening Stage and Cooking Methods

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansor Hamed ◽  
Diganta Kalita ◽  
Michael E. Bartolo ◽  
Sastry S. Jayanty
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Stage

Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are an important crop usually consumed as food or spices. Peppers contain a wide range of phytochemicals, such as capsaicinoids, phenolics, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. Capsaicinoids impart the characteristic pungent taste. The study analyzed capsaicinoids and other bioactive compounds in different pepper cultivars at both the mature green and red stages. The effect of roasting on their nutritional content was also investigated. In the cultivars tested, the levels of capsaicin ranged from 0 to 3636 µg/g in the mature green stage and from 0 to 4820 µg/g in the red/yellow stage. The concentration of dihydrocapsaicin ranged from 0 to 2148 µg/g in the mature green stage and from 0 to 2162 µg/g in the red/yellow stage. The levels of capsaicinoid compounds in mature green and red /yellow stages were either reduced or increased after roasting depending on the cultivar. The ranges of total phenolic and total flavonoids compounds were 2096 to 7689, and 204 to 962 µg/g, respectively, in the green and red/yellow mature stage pods. Ascorbic acid levels in the peppers ranged from 223 to 1025 mg/ 100 g Dry Weight (DW). Both raw and roasted peppers possessed strong antioxidant activity as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent (DPPH, 61–87%) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, 73–159 µg/g) assays. Ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity decreased after roasting in the mature green and red stages, whereas total phenolics and flavonoids increased except in the mature green stage of Sweet Delilah and yellow stage of Canrio.

scholarly journals 739 PB 061 MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHOROUS ENHANCEMENT OF CHILE ANCHO PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539a-539
Author(s):  
F.T. Davies ◽  
V. Olalde-Portueal ◽  
H. M. Escamilla ◽  
R.C. Ferrera ◽  
M.J. Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
San Luis

In a 3 × 3 factorial experiment, Chile Ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) plants were inoculated or not with VA - mycorrhizal (VAM) Glomus fasciculatum and a Glomus sps isolate from Mexico (ZAC-19). Long Ashton Nutrient solution (LANS) were modified to supply P at II, 22 or 44 μg/ml to containerized plants, grown in a greenhouse for 72 days. The container medium was a modified 77% sand, 13% silt, 9% clay soil collected from an agricultural production site in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Both P and VAM enhanced plant growth and development. Increasing P enhanced leaf area, fruit, shoot and root dry weight and shoot/root ratio; the leaf area ratio (LAR) decreased. Greater VAM growth enhancement occurred at Il and 22, than 44 μg/ml P. Growth enhancement was greater with Glomus fasciculatum than the mixed Glomus sps isolate (ZAC - 19).

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of (Eruca sativa Mill) as Growth Stimulant in Enhancing Growth and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Amal F Ehtaiwwesh ◽  
Fouziyah Qarimidah
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Growth Stimulant

A field study was conducted in the fall of 2019 to investigate the potential of Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) aqueous extract as a growth stimulant in enhancing the growth and yield of Fa- ba Bean (Vicia faba L). The study was conducted using sandy soil at a farm in Abo Esaa town in a plot size of 3X5 m2 with a row spacing of 25cm,which based on a complete randomized design (RCD) with four replications, three treatments were carried out, including no foliar spray with E. sativa extracts (control) and foliar sprayed with 20% and 40% aqueous extracts of E. sativa. Ac- cordingly, Faba Bean (Vicia faba L) plants were foliar sprayed six times with the aqueous extracts of E. sativa at rates of 20 and 40% at vegetative and reproductive stages. The result showed that among these concentrations, the foliar spray of faba bean plants with 40% of E. sativa extracts po- tentially were increased all measured growth and yield traits. The results pointed out that plant height increased by 32%, number of branches by 73%, number of leaves by 95%, number of seeds plant by 89%, leaves, stems, pods and roots dry weight by 92%, 80%, 74%, and 89%, respectively. Thus, the study concluded that E. sativa aqueous extracts could potentially be used efficiently by crop producers as a growth enhancer for faba bean crops because of their productivity, great nutri- tive value, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature.

scholarly journals BELL PEPPER GROWTH AND PRODUCTION AS INFLUENCED BY END-OF-DAY SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHT-PRIMING OF TRANSPLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 857b-857
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Decoteau ◽  
Heather H. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Growth Effects ◽  
Residual Growth ◽  
Pepper Plants

The influence of end-of-day (EOD) supplemental light-priming on pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Keystone Resistant Giant No. 3) transplants was investigated for possible residual growth effects on subsequent plant growth and fruit production. Greenhouse grown pepper transplants were fluorescent light-primed for one hour prior to dusk for three weeks in 1988 and four weeks in 1989 and then transplanted to the field. EOD fluorescent light-priming of pepper plants reduced the height, leaf area, dry weight, fruit number, and fruit weight as compared to non-treated plants prior to first harvest. EOD fluorescent light-priming of pepper transplants had little effect on early and total fruit production. These results suggest that EOD fluorescent light-priming of transplants that affect early pepper growth in the field have little residual influence on subsequent fruit production.

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

Herbicidal potential of Aerva javanica to control wild oat in wheat crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Al-Ghamdi A.M. ◽  
El-Zohri M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Radical Length

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extracts Obtained from Herb of Tansy (Tanacetum Vulgare L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1044
Author(s):  
Claudia Anca Mot ◽  
Andreea I. Lupitu ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ciprian Iovan ◽  
Dana Maria Copolovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Natural Additives

The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from herb of Tanacetum vulgare L. (tansy) harvested in two different locations from the western part of Romania. Aqueous extracts of tansy presented high antioxidant activity that ranged between 295.77 and 653.65 mg GAE/L, and remarkable percentage of inhibition (31.82-65.05 %). The compounds quantified in the plant extracts that were determined by UHPLC are: ascorbic acid, riboflavin, pyrocatechol, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Extracts obtained from tansy flowers showed higher content of phenols compared to that obtained from leaves. Similarly, the flower extracts present a high antioxidant activity that could suggest their use as natural additives in food preservation and also in pharmaceutical industry and veterinary medicine.

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