scholarly journals Toxicity of Jatropha and Neem Oil Combination on Pink Hibiscus Mealybug

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Anderson Mathias Holtz ◽  
Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer ◽  
Filipe Garcia Holtz ◽  
José Romário de Carvalho ◽  
Ronilda Lana Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Alternative

Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) is a polyphagous pest species reported in about 350 species of host plants worldwide. The chemical control method is still the most used for the control of agricultural pests. In view of this, we aim to evaluate the potential of the concentration of oils extracted from the species Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) on M. hirsutus, aiming at a management alternative for the pest. The experiments were carried out in air-conditioned chambers at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a photophase of 12h. The concentration 3% (v v-1) (defined in preliminary dilution tests) was used in the tests, with 11 interaction ratios between the oils. Mortality was assessed daily up to 72 hours after spraying. The application was carried out in two ways: indirect - on the food and walking surface; and direct - about insects. The indirect application caused higher levels of mortality in relation to the direct application. However, there was no significant difference between the concentrations for the indirect application. In the form of direct application, the combination of 60:40% neem oil and jatropha oil was the treatment that provided the highest mortality of the M. hirsutus (86.21%). The combinations between neem and jatropha oils demonstrated the potential to control M. hirsutus in both routes of application, being an alternative for the management of this pest.

scholarly journals CAN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CASTOR AND JATROPHA OILS BE EFFICIENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PINK MEALYBUG?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Anderson Mathias Holtz ◽  
Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer ◽  
Filipe Garcia Holtz ◽  
José Romário De Carvalho ◽  
Ronilda Lana Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

The pink mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous pest species that has been reported in about 350 species of host plants worldwide. Usually, the use of synthetic chemicals is still the most used control method for the control of agricultural pests. The objective of this present work was to evaluate the potential of the interaction of oils extracted from the species Ricinus communis L. (castor) and Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) (Euphorbiaceae) in the form of direct and indirect application on M. hirsutus. The experiments were conducted in air-conditioned chambers at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity 70% ± 10 and a photophase of 12h. The 3% concentration was used in the tests, with 11 interaction ratios between the oils. Individuals' mortality was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after spraying. The results of the interactions indicated up to 78% mortality of individuals in the ratio 90% castor + 10% jatropha via indirect application, while in the direct application on individuals they presented 53% mortality in the ratio 40% castor + 60% jatropha. The interactions between castor and jatropha oils have demonstrated potential in the management of pink mealybug by direct or indirect application.

Widespread infestation of the exotic mealybug species, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on cotton in India

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Nagrare ◽  
S. Kranthi ◽  
V.K. Biradar ◽  
N.N. Zade ◽  
V. Sangode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Almost All

AbstractA survey was conducted in 47 locations in nine cotton-growing states of India to identify the composition of mealybug species occurring on cotton. Results of the taxonomic study showed that two mealybug species, the solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), and the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), were found to infest cotton plants from all nine cotton growing states of the country. However, P. solenopsis was found to be the predominant mealybug species, comprising 95% of the samples examined. P. solenopsis, which was hitherto not reported to occur in India, now appears to be widespread on cotton in almost all cotton-growing states of the country. P. solenopsis is an exotic species originated from the USA and was reported to damage cotton and crops of 14 families. This report discusses the implications of the introduction of this exotic polyphagous pest species and the necessary steps to mitigate its potential threat to agriculture in India.

Two new species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4820 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRY TROYA ◽  
ALLEN L. NORRBOM ◽  
JULIA E. BOLANOS PINEDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
A New Species

Despite the fact that many species are economically important agricultural pests, the fruit fly fauna of Ecuador is still relatively poorly known. To better understand this fauna and the distribution and host plants of the pest species, the Proyecto Nacional de Manejo de las Moscas de la Fruta of AGROCALIDAD has conducted trapping surveys in many parts of the country. Two new species of Anastrepha from Ecuador that were collected by this project are described and illustrated: A. quadripuncta Troya & Norrbom and A. tinctobasis Troya & Norrbom. A new species group, the morvasi group, is recognized for A. morvasi Zucchi and A. quadripuncta.

scholarly journals Mitogenomic analysis of diversity of key whitefly pests in Kenya and its implication to their sustainable management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Fidelis L. O. Ombura ◽  
Inusa J. Ajene ◽  
Komivi S. Akutse ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Aleyrodes Proletella ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus

AbstractWhiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are devastating agricultural pests of economic importance vectoring pathogenic plant viruses. Knowledge on their diversity and distribution in Kenya is scanty, limiting development of effective sustainable management strategies. The present study is aimed at identifying whitefly pest species present in Kenya across different agroecological zones and establish predictive models for the most abundant species in Africa. Whiteflies were sampled in Kenya from key crops known to be severely infested and identified using 16S rRNA markers and complete mitochondrial genomes. Four whitefly species were identified: Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Bemisia afer and Trialeurodesvaporariorum, the latter being the most dominant species across all the agroecology. The assembly of complete mitogenomes and comparative analysis of all 13 protein coding genes confirmed the identities of the four species. Furthermore, prediction spatial models indicated high climatic suitability of T. vaporariorum in Africa, Europe, Central America, parts of Southern America, parts of Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Consequently, our findings provide information to guide biosecurity agencies on protocols to be adopted for precise identification of pest whitefly species in Kenya to serve as an early warning tool against T. vaporariorum invasion into unaffected areas and guide appropriate decision-making on their management.

scholarly journals Capturing the transcription factor interactome in response to sub-lethal insecticide exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A Ingham ◽  
Sara Elg ◽  
Sanjay C Nagi ◽  
Frank Dondelinger
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Networks ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Insecticide Exposure

AbstractThe increasing levels of pesticide resistance in agricultural pests and disease vectors represents a threat to both food security and global health. As insecticide resistance intensity strengthens and spreads, the likelihood of a pest encountering a sub-lethal dose of pesticide dramatically increases. Here, we apply dynamic Bayesian networks to a transcriptome time-course generated using sub-lethal pyrethroid exposure on a highly resistant Anopheles coluzzii population. The model accounts for circadian rhythm and ageing effects allowing high confidence identification of transcription factors with key roles in pesticide response. The associations generated by this model show high concordance with lab-based validation and identifies 44 transcription factors regulating insecticide-responsive transcripts. We identify six key regulators, with each displaying differing enrichment terms, demonstrating the complexity of pesticide response. The considerable overlap of resistance mechanisms in agricultural pests and disease vectors strongly suggests that these findings are relevant in a wide variety of pest species.

Biological responses of Tetranychus urticae to five pepper cultivars at two phenological stages of host plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khodayari ◽  
Maryam Hashemian Shalilvand
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Important Pest

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Control of this pest is usually dependent on chemical pesticides. The use of resistant plant cultivars in conjugation with other control tactics generates more effective and long lasting results in management of many pests. In this study we used two-sex life table to evaluate the performance of T. urticae on five pepper cultivars (11983, ES4, Hashemi, Mahali and USL) before and after blooming of host plants. The results showed that the immature time, adult longevity and fecundity differed significantly among cultivars. Before blooming on 11983, the values for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.0645 and 1.066 day-1 respectively, which were significantly the lowest; the highest r and λ values was recorded on ES4 which were 0.1347 and 1.144 day-1 respectively. After blooming there was no significant difference in these values among cultivars except for Mahali in which these values were significantly the highest (0.0751 and 1.078 day-1 respectively). Comparing between the phenological stages of host plants (before and after blooming) indicated that after blooming all of the tested pepper cultivars were more resistant to T. urticae. In summary, among the different cultivars tested, the most suitable was ES4 and the least suitable was 11983 before blooming of host plants. After blooming the suitability of host plants changed and decreased significantly.

scholarly journals The protected areas system in Brazil as a baseline condition for wetlands management and fish conservancy: the example of the Pantanal National Park

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla N. M. Polaz ◽  
Fabio C. Ferreira ◽  
Miguel Petrere Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Wetland Management ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wetlands Management

ABSTRACT Considering the need for the Brazilian government to develop tools for environmental monitoring for biodiversity conservancy purposes in the national protected areas system, this paper focuses on determining reference site metrics (or baselines) for adapting the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) based on the fish assemblages in the Pantanal National Park (PNP). The habitats in the PNP were grouped into four categories: main rivers, corixos (channels connecting the floodplain), permanent bays, and temporary bays. Fish samplings were performed at 12 points during the dry season (Oct-Nov 2010 and 2011). 146 fish species were identified from the total 18,954 individuals collected with standardized fishing gear. There was no association between the structure of the fish assemblage and categories, suggesting a theory on homogeneity of habitats. The final IBIPNP consists of nine metrics, most of them were framed in excellent class, some in fair, and none in poor. There was no significant difference in IBIPNP scores between the two sampled years. This approach provides a direct application for wetland management purposes.

The Control Technique of Rubber Borers by Pheromone Traps in Hainan

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 699-702
Author(s):  
Hui Lu ◽  
Fu Ping Lu ◽  
Xue Lian Xu ◽  
Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Ecological Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The rubber borers, called of the bark beetles, is the most important pest of the rubber trees in the world. The effect of the pheromone releasing measure, a kind of ecological control method, was investigated over 2 years in Nanbao Farm, Lingao county, Hainan, China. The pheromone used was (s)-(+)-Ipsidenol, a commercially available rubber borers aggregation pheromone. There were 6 treatments, including 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m and 100m distance. Pheromone lures were changed monthly at which time the traps were moved to a different location within the stand. There were no significant differences in 30m distance catches of the rubber borers per traps. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in plant damage between the pheromone treatment of 2.5 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL traps. The results also showed that the relationship between the mean number of the rubber borers per 5 days and average temperature was not significant.

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