Investigation of Olfactory Function Following Septorhinoplasty in Iranian Population by Rapid Smell Test (RST)

Introduction: All surgical procedures on nose affect the olfactory function to some extent. There are different viewpoints about olfactory function after septorhinoplasty. We aim to investigate smell perception changes in patients following septorhinoplasty. In this study the use of Rapid Smell Test (RST) as a fast and reliable clinical tool was investigated. Methods: A prospective cohort study was done in Rasool Akram teaching hospital in 2018 and 2019. Group of 74 septorhinoplasty candidates aged over 18 was selected by convenience. Persian Smell Identification Test (PSIT) and rapid smell test (RST) was obtained from patients before surgery and one month after, if needed three months after and six months after. In addition for patients with dysfunction in any of follow up periods (one month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery) smell magnitude test (SMT) was used. All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 24.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Out of 74 patients participating in this study 67 were female. Mean age of 25.68±5.18 years was recorded for participants. All patients before surgery had PSIT score more than 19 and the mean PSIT score before operation was 22.63±1.39. Also all patients scored 5 out of 5 in RST before surgery. Mean PSIT score one month after surgery decreased to 22.21±2.20 but still 93 percent (69 patients) of participants were in range for normal olfactory function. We recorded this to be significant (p value = 0.044). RST after one month showed the same results. The difference between RST before and after surgery was also significant (p value = 0.024). For those 5 patients with abnormal olfactory function PSIT and RST were done 3 months after operation which determines normal olfactory function for all of them. As well as PSIT, RST also shows the same results and five participants recorded 5 out of 5 three months after surgery. Conclusion: This study showed changes in olfactory function after septorhinoplasty will resolve at most 3 months after surgery and it is safe to say there is no effect on olfactory function three months after operation. Also we demonstrated that RST can be a fast and reliable tool for assessing patients’ olfactory function in clinical setting.

Download Full-text

CENTRAL MACULAR THICKNESS AFTER CATARACT SURGERY IN NON-DIABETICS AND DIABETICS WITHOUT RETINOPATHY

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.6840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1993-96

Author(s):

Marrium Shafi ◽

Muhammad Akmal Khan ◽

Yaseen Lodhi ◽

Asma Aftab ◽

Muhammad Haroon Sarfraz

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Case Control ◽

Macular Thickness ◽

P Value ◽

Central Macular Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Objective: To determine the mean change in central macular thickness after cataract surgery and to compare the mean change in central macular thickness after cataract surgery in non-diabetics and diabetics without diabetic retinopathy Study design: Case control Study settings and duration: A case control study was carried out at Ophthalmology department, POF hospital, Wah Cantt. Study duration was 6 months (April 2019-September 2019) Material and methods: A sample size of 60 patients was calculated by using Open Epi Software. We used non probability consecutive sampling. Patients were divided into two groups; Cases (Diabetic) and controls (non-Diabetic). All patients underwent phacoemulsification and observed after 4 weeks for macular thickness measurement using optical coherence tomography before and after surgery. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20. Post stratification t test was applied. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 60 patients were included. Mean age of patients was 65.31 ±7. 63SD.There were 35 (58.3%) males and 25 (41.7%) female patients in the study. We found a significant increase in central macular thickness in cases and controls [(223.100±15.86SD vs 227.2667±17.9SD, p=0.000) and (221.200±12.16SD vs 226.289±16.7861SD, p =0.001)] before and after phacoemulsification in cases and controls respectively. However, no significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.486). Conclusion: Central macular thickness was increased after uncomplicated phacoemulsification in both diabetics and non-diabetics without retinopathy for up to a follow-up period of 4 weeks but the thickness did not differ between the two groups.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Stability of the Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Injuries Reconstruction

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1710374 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Akbari Aghdam ◽

Mahsa Kavyani ◽

Maryam Bosak ◽

Mohammad Taghi Karimi ◽

Mehdi Motififard

Keyword(s):

Acl Reconstruction ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Mean Value ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

The Stability

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee and is often injured during sport-related activities. ACL injuries influence the abilities of the subjects during standing and walking. Although early surgical intervention is preferred treatment for the majority of knee surgeons, the effect of this approach on postural stability of patients is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the difference between stability of ACL-reconstructed subjects before and after surgery. A group of 15 consecutive ACL injured patients participated in this study. Postural stability of the patients was evaluated 1 week before and 6 months after surgery (ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft). A Kistler force plate was used to evaluate center of pressure (COP) sway during quiet standing. The mean values of the COP parameters were obtained in pre and postsurgery conditions. Paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the stability parameters of the two conditions. The significant point was set at 0.05. The mean value of path length of COP velocity in mediolateral (ML) direction was 1,485.57 ± 479.42 mm and 2,641.33 ± 996.26 mm before and after surgery, respectively (p-value = 0.01). Although the mean value of COP velocity in anteroposterior and ML directions increased after surgery, the difference was only significant for velocity in ML direction (p-value = 0.049). The results of this study showed that the standing stability of those with ACL reconstruction decreased significantly after ACL reconstruction, which may be due to the effects of the surgery on sensory mechanism of ACL and inability of patients to return to their previous deep sense perception and knee proprioception.

Download Full-text

Intracranial pressure before and after cranioplasty: insights into intracranial physiology

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.7.jns191077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (5) ◽

pp. 1548-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander Lilja-Cyron ◽

Morten Andresen ◽

Jesper Kelsen ◽

Trine Hjorslev Andreasen ◽

Lonnie Grove Petersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Decompressive Craniectomy ◽

Cerebral Metabolism ◽

Neurosurgical Procedure ◽

Pulse Wave Amplitude ◽

Before And After ◽

Rehabilitation Period ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

OBJECTIVEDecompressive craniectomy (DC) is an emergency neurosurgical procedure used in cases of severe intracranial hypertension or impending intracranial herniation. The procedure is often lifesaving, but it exposes the brain to atmospheric pressure in the subsequent rehabilitation period, which changes intracranial physiology and probably leads to complications such as hydrocephalus, hygromas, and “syndrome of the trephined.” The objective of the study was to study the effect of cranioplasty on intracranial pressure (ICP), postural ICP changes, and intracranial pulse wave amplitude (PWA).METHODSThe authors performed a prospective observational study including patients who underwent DC during a 12-month period. Telemetric ICP sensors were implanted in all patients at the time of DC. ICP was evaluated before and after cranioplasty during weekly measurement sessions including a standardized postural change program.RESULTSTwelve of the 17 patients enrolled in the study had cranioplasty performed and were included in the present investigation. Their mean ICP in the supine position increased from –0.5 ± 4.8 mm Hg the week before cranioplasty to 6.3 ± 2.5 mm Hg the week after cranioplasty (p < 0.0001), whereas the mean ICP in the sitting position was unchanged (–1.2 ± 4.8 vs –1.1 ± 3.6 mm Hg, p = 0.90). The difference in ICP between the supine and sitting positions was minimal before cranioplasty (1.1 ± 1.8 mm Hg) and increased to 7.4 ± 3.6 mm Hg in the week following cranioplasty (p < 0.0001). During the succeeding 2 weeks of the follow-up period, the mean ICP in the supine and sitting positions decreased in parallel to, respectively, 4.6 ± 3.0 mm Hg (p = 0.0003) and –3.9 ± 2.7 mm Hg (p = 0.040), meaning that the postural ICP difference remained constant at around 8 mm Hg. The mean intracranial PWA increased from 0.7 ± 0.7 mm Hg to 2.9 ± 0.8 mm Hg after cranioplasty (p < 0.0001) and remained around 3 mm Hg throughout the following weeks.CONCLUSIONSCranioplasty restores normal intracranial physiology regarding postural ICP changes and intracranial PWA. These findings complement those of previous investigations on cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in patients after decompressive craniectomy.

Download Full-text

Effect of the Use Lethal Ovitrap to Population Aedes sp

Medical Science & Healthcare Practice ◽

10.22158/mshp.v1n1p20 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Tri Ramadhani ◽

Bondan Fajar Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Population Control ◽

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Dengue vector control has been done in various ways, however, has not been able to obtain optimal results. Ovirap use to determine the presence of Aedes sp in a region is often done, but the application of lethal ovitrap for population control Aedes sp still rarely done. This study was aimed to assess the effect of LO applications on populations of Aedes sp. This research includes quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group without randomization. Research sites in dengue in endemic areas in Banyumas district, with a total sample of 100 homes in each treatment and control areas. Insecticides used on ovistrip is cypermethrin at a dose of 12.5 mg ai/strip. Populations of Aedes sp measured each week for three weeks prior to the intervention and twelve weeks during the intervention. The mean density of Aedes sp compared before and after intervention and between treatment and control areas. The study showed the difference of mosquito densities before and after the intervention in the experimental group was 0,07 ( p-value 0.044), whereas the control group was 0.037 (p-value 0.341). LO use with the addition of insecticide active ingredient cypermetrin on ovistrip impact on the decline density of Aedes sp.

Download Full-text

Airway Clearance in Bronchiectasis: A Randomized Control Trial of N-Acetylcysteine with 3% hypertonic saline

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v8i3.389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 146-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran Shehzad ◽

Muhammad Atiq Ul Mannan ◽

Masood Alam ◽

Abdul Rauf ◽

Muhammad Imran Sharif

Keyword(s):

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Airway Clearance ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Background: N-Acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline are being used effectively for sputum clearance in chronic cases of bronchiectasis for quite some time. However, their use in acute condition of the disease seems to be underexplored. The objective of our study is to compare the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline in clearing the airway in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Material and Methods: A total of 136 confirmed cases of bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study. This randomized controlled trial was done in chest ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2015 to March 2017. Sampling was done by non-probability consecutive sampling and patients were divided into two groups A and B by lottery method. Verbal informed consent was taken from all participants. Group A participants received nebulization of N acetylcysteine mixed in normal saline for ten minutes, while group B participants were nebulized with 10ml of 3% hypertonic saline for ten minutes. Group B was active control group in the study. Data was collected on pre-designed Proforma, and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Numerical variables such as saturation, weight of sputum, age and blood pressure was analyzed by using t test. These were considered significant if the p value was equal or less than 0 .05. For qualitative variables chi square test was applied. Results: The mean O2 saturation of Group A, before and after treatment, was 92.11±3.07% and 94.47±2.18%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The sputum weight of Group A, before and after treatment, was 2.63±2.39 g and 7.41±1.38 g, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The frequency of rhonchi of Group A, before and after treatment, was 52% and 76%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.003). While, for Group B, the mean O2 saturation, before and after treatment, was 92.36±3.13% and 93.49±2.27%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.012). The sputum weight, before and after treatment, was 3.11±2.01 g and 5.56±1.02 g, respectively. The frequency of rhonchi, before and after treatment, was 45% and 74% respectively. Again, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Both nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline cause airway clearance by enhancing sputum expectoration in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis equally. Both these agents also improve oxygen saturation in acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis significantly.

Download Full-text

Perbandingan Metode Brainstorming dan Metode Buzz Group dalam Pemberian KIE Kesehatan Reproduksi di Posyandu Remaja Puskesmas Aur Duri Kota Jambi

Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi ◽

10.36565/jab.v10i1.295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Ruwayda Ruwayda ◽

Netti Herawati

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Group Method ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Brainstorming method and the Buzz Group method in providing IEC for reproductive health at the AurDuri Youth Health Center Posyandu in Jambi City in 2019. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a pretest and posttest design with control group design. The population is all adolescents who visit the posyandu as many as 60 people. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique of 30 treatment groups given the Brainstorming method and 30 people received the Buzz Group method. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out univariately to determine the frequency distribution, then bivariate analysis using the dependent t-test to see differences in knowledge before and after giving the brainstorming method and the Buzz Group method. The results showed that there was a difference in the mean increase in respondents' knowledge before and after using the brainstorming method with a mean difference of 1.233 and the difference in knowledge before and after using the buzz group method, namely 3.133. While the results of the analysis of differences in knowledge using the brainstorming method and the buzz group with a p value of 0.000, the difference in the mean value of 2.689 means that the buzz group method is more effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about reproductive health than the brainstorming method. It is suggested that the puskesmas should provide guidance to youth posyandu using a variety of varied methods such as buzz groups in providing IEC for reproductive health

Download Full-text

Perilaku Caring menurunkan Kecemasan Pasien Preoperasi

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v10i3.1224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

Sulastri Sulastri ◽

Ade Ira Cahyanti ◽

El Rahmayati

Keyword(s):

Standard Operating Procedure ◽

Average Score ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Caring Behavior ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Anxiety Index

Invasive actions are closely related to psychological problems, special feelings of anxiety. Uncertain health conditions during and after procedures that can occur during surgery are decided for the patient's recovery. Need special methods from nurses to help patients cope with anxiety, such as caring nurses caring. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of the caring behavior of nurses on preoperative patient's anxiety levels. This research uses a quasi-experimental approach l design with a pretest-posttest one group design. This study was conducted in June 2018 in the Surgical Inpatient Room RSUD Dr.H Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province. The technique of sampling using nonprobability by purposive sampling, got a sample counted 38 respondents. Bivariate analysis using paired sample t-test. The result showed that the average score of the respondent anxiety index before caring behavior of nurse was 40,50 and the score after caring behavior was 34,63. The difference in the mean score of anxiety index score before and after caring behavior was 5.87 with the p-value of 0.000. Based on the conclusion of the research, the writer suggests that the interaction of nurses to the patient is improved and the Standard Operating Procedure of the frequency and duration of the nurse contact to the patient especially the preoperative patient can develop the use of the Caring Dimensions Inventory which covers biological, psychological, social and spiritual aspects.

Download Full-text

The impact ofInfection Prevention and control (IPC) bundle implementationon IPC compliance during the Ebola virus outbreak in Mbandaka/Democratic Republic of the Congo: a before and after design

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029717 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e029717 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kevin Ousman ◽

Landry Kabego ◽

Ambrose Talisuna ◽

Janet Diaz ◽

John Mbuyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of refresher training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in infection prevention and control (IPC), ensuring consistent adequate supplies and availability of IPC kits and carrying out weekly monitoring of IPC performance in healthcare facilities (HCFs)DesignThis was a before and after comparison studySettingsThis study was conducted from June to July 2018 during an Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Equateur Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).Participants48 HCFsInterventionsHCWs capacity building in basic IPC, IPC kit donation and IPC mentoring.Primary outcome measuresIPC scoreResults48 HCFs were evaluated and 878 HCWs were trained, of whom 437 were women and 441 were men. The mean IPC score at baseline was modestly higher in hospitals (8%) compared with medical centres (4%) and health centres (4%), respectively. The mean IPC score at follow-up significantly increased to 50% in hospitals, 39% in medical centres and 36% in health centres (p value<0.001). The aggregate mean IPC score at baseline for all HCFs, combined was 4.41% and at follow-up it was 39.51% with a mean difference of 35.08% (p-value<0.001).ConclusionsImplementation of HCW capacity building in IPC, IPC kit donation to HCF and mentoring in IPC improved IPC compliance during the ninth EVD outbreak in the DRC.

Download Full-text

Surgical Treatment of Tympanic Membrane Retractions

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.192 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. P59-P60

Author(s):

Venkat R Srinivasan ◽

Mihirangi Shamane Rubasinghe ◽

Christopher Low

Keyword(s):

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Modified Technique ◽

Exact Test ◽

High Incidence ◽

Before And After ◽

Severe Group ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Age Range

Objective To report a modified technique of cartilage reinforcement tympanoplasty. To assess the safety and efficacy of this technique for symptomatic tympanic membrane retractions. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with Pars Tensa retractions treated surgically between 2001 and 2007. The indications were discharge and hearing loss. Surgery involved excision of retracted segment, exposure of facial recess, removal of keratin and reinforcement with thinned tragal cartilage graft (cartilage thinned by cartilage cutter) and temporalis fascia. Paired T test was used to compare the mean ABG before and after surgery. Results 34 ears were operated on in 33 patients with an age range of 8 to 66 (mean 38). Full extent of the retraction was visible (Moderate) in 12 ears and not visible in 22 ears (Severe). Cholesteatoma was found in 10 ears (all in Severe group) and ossicular erosion was noticed in 29 ears. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 66 months (mean of 36 months). The success rate was 97% with recurrence of retraction in 1 ear. Air-bone gap improved in 31 ears, remained the same in 1 ear, and worsened in 2 ears. The pre- and postoperative mean ABG values were 24.3 (SD 9.5) and 17 (8.7). The difference was 7.3 p<0.0001(95% CI=4.8,9.9). Cholesteatoma recurred in 1 patient. Cholesteatoma presence and severity of retraction did not have any influence on the recurrence rate (Fisher's Exact Test). Conclusions High incidence of per-operative discovery of cholesteatoma (30%) in our series supports early, aggressive management of symptomatic retractions. Thinned cartilage is more effective with less chances of migration.

Download Full-text

Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia and Failure Rate: A 3 Years Follow-up Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-239994/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

WASSEF CHANBOUR ◽

lulwa elzein ◽

Mohamad ali Younes ◽

mohamad issa ◽

pramod warhekar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Linking ◽

P Value ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Intrastromal Corneal Ring ◽

Rate Of Progression ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the response of keratoconus(KC) and post-LASIK ectasia (referred as ‘’ectasia’’) to the corneal crosslinking(CXL) and to compare the rate of progression between KC and ectasia at 3 years.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing CXL for either KC or ectasia. 54 eyes(31 patients) with ectasia and 111 eyes(67 patients) with KC were included in the study. Corrected distance Visual acuities(CDVA), refraction, keratometry(K) and pachymetry were followed over 3 years. Simultaneous Photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) and CXL was performed on 20 KC and 20 ectasia eyes. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments(ICRS) was performed on 51 KC and 6 ectasia eyes.RESULTS: In KC, CDVA, spherical equivalence, sphere, cylinder and mean K improved at 3 years post-CXL(p-value<0.05), but, these values improved without reaching a statistical significance in ectasia. 12 of 54 eyes with ectasia(22.2%) and 4 of 111 eyes(3.6%) with KC had progression post CXL(p-value:0.0001). Ectasia patients diagnosed with progression were older at presentation (36.1 years) than non-progressive ectasia patients(31 years)(p-value:0.02), and also older than KC patients.Sub-analysis excluding PRK and ICRS cases showed that there was an improvement in mean sphere (from -5.23±4.2D to-4.46±3.89D)(p-value:0.03) cylinder(from 2.54±1.68D to 1.97±1.51D)(p-value:0.03) mean keratometry(from 46.81±3.78D to 46.01±3.25D)(p-value:0.006) in KC patients 3 years post CXL(40patients). Compared to baseline, all the mean refractive and tomographic variables deteriorated at 3 years post CXL in ectasia(28 patients)(p-value>0.05). Also, 2 of 40 patients with KC(5%) vs. 7 of 28 patients with ectasia(25%) had progression 3 years post-CXL and the difference between both groups remained statistically significant(p-value:0.027). CONCLUSION: Eyes with post-LASIK ectasia seems to be less responsive to CXL than KC.

Download Full-text