scholarly journals Preclinical Appraisal of Hematinic Potential of Mandura Bhasma for Treating Anemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Deepak S. Khobragade ◽  
Mrunali S. Potbhare ◽  
Awdhut Pimpale ◽  
Sagar B. Wankhede ◽  
Chandrashekhar R. Tempe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Study Institute ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Education ◽  
Different Doses

Aims: To evaluate hematinic potential of mandura bhasma. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. 6 Months. Methodology: The anti-anaemic potential of Mandura bhasma in Wistar rats was investigated. Anaemia was induced in rats with phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride at a dose of 10        mg kg-1 body weight by oral administration. Anaemia was treated with mandura bhasma administered in three different doses based on body weight. Results: In vivo investigation showed that though the dose of 6mg kg-1 body weight of mandura bhasm produced only a minimal antianaemic (hematinic) effect, oral daily dose of 11 mg kg-1 body weight and 22mg kg-1 body weight a produced a significant (P < 0.05) antianaemic effect when compared to standard drug ferrous sulphate indicating dose dependent activity. Conclusions: The results indicate that Mandura Bhasm have very potential dose dependant hematinic activity and can be a safe and effective drug for treating anemia.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Methanol extract of Persicaria hydropiper: An in vivo screening

2021 ◽  
pp. 5819-5824
Author(s):  
Pooja Kamra ◽  
Mahaveer Singh ◽  
Hardarshan Singh Lamba ◽  
Birendra Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Histopathological Investigation ◽  
Different Doses

The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of methanolic whole plant extract of Persicaria hydropiper in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity model. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for seven days. The extract was thereafter administered at two different doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight for next seven days. Silymarin was used as a reference standard. The extract revealed hepatoprotective activity in dose dependent manner. The dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum hepatoprotective ability as apparent from several evaluation parameters including liver function profile, bilirubin, antioxidant enzymes as well as histopathological investigation which was comparable to the standard drug Silymarin respectively. These findings sustenance the use of the extract as an adjuvant with existing therapy for treatment of liver ailments.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and antiulcerative potential of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. bark

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilutpal Sharma Bora ◽  
Partha Sarathi Bairy ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. has been used by many ethnic communities of Northeast India to mitigate various disorders like dyspepsia, ulcers, diabetes, etc. However, a robust scientific study on its antidiabetic and antiulcer potential is unavailable till date. The aim of this present study is to scientifically validate if the antidiabetic and antiulcer effects reported by the ethnic tribes of Assam has any scientific value or not. The effects were tested in adult Wistar albino rats using approved animal models for preclinical testing of pharmacological activities. Results The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. was prepared and its LD50 was calculated. The LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract at doses of 250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight was found to exhibit a very potent dose-dependent antidiabetic activity. The results were backed by a battery of test including analysis of serum levels of blood glucose, lipid profiles, in vivo antioxidant enzymes, and histopathological studies. Evidence of dose-dependent antiulcer activity of the extract was backed by robust scientific data. It was found that HAEGL induced a significant dose-dependent increase in the ulcer index in both alcohol-induced and acetic acid-induced ulcer models, which was evident from the macroscopic observation of the inner lining of the gastric mucosa and the histological evaluation of the extracted stomach. Conclusion The results suggested that the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia (Roxb.) has significant antidiabetic and antiulcer potential. Further studies with respect to the development herbal dosage forms and its safety evaluation are required.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of methanolic extract of the plant dolichos biflorus linn

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Deepthi B ◽  
Ashoka Shenoy M ◽  
Karunakar Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Dolichos Biflorus ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes

Present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of methanolic extract of the plant Dolichos biflorus Linn. against paracetamol and alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of plant extract in two doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight were subjected for the evaluation of hepatoprotective potential against alcohol (2ml/100g) and PCM (2g/kg) induced liver injury. Silymarin (25mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. The parameters like SGPT, SGO, ALP, TB and endogenous enzymes were estimated to assess the liver functions. In addition histopathological study was also carried out. Both the lower (200mg/kg) and higher dose (400mg/kg) of D.biflorus extract showed dose dependent significant decrease in SGPT, SGOT, ALP and TB levels when compared with toxic control. Both extracts showed decrease in LPO and increase in GSH, SOD and CAT levels. Hepatoprotective effect was also confirmed by histopathological analysis of liver which showed less damage in extract treated rats. The results obtained were comparable with that of the standard. The present study concluded that Dolichos biflorus Linn. plant were found to be effective against hepatotoxicity induced by Alcohol and Paracetamol.

Avidin and ovalbumin induction by progesterone in chicken oviduct detected by sensitive immunoenzymometric assays

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Joensuu ◽  
P. Tuohimaa ◽  
P. Vilja
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Chicken Tissue ◽  
Chicken Oviduct ◽  
Biotin Binding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT This study describes sensitive immunoenzymometric assays (IEMAs) for chicken avidin and ovalbumin, markers of cytodifferentiation and action of progesterone and oestrogen in the oviduct magnum mucosa. The determination range was 0·5–100 ng/ml and the detection limit 0·1 ng/ml in both IEMAs. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation, measured from chicken tissue supernatants, averaged below 6 and 10% respectively. IEMAs correlated well with the radioimmunoassays for avidin and ovalbumin previously developed in our laboratory, and with the widely used [14C]biotin-binding method for avidin. Using an IEMA, we found avidin induction with low concentrations of progesterone in the differentiated oviduct of oestrogen-pretreated chicks. The induction has not been detected previously by less sensitive methods. Avidin was induced by all given doses of progesterone (0·2–200 mg/kg in vivo for 24 h after a short oestrogen treatment), the response being dose-dependent at doses of 0·2–20 mg progesterone/kg body weight, the maximum avidin production being about 70 μg/g tissue. Ovalbumin was induced at doses of 2–200 mg progesterone/kg body weight without variations in the responses, being about 35 mg/g. The mean content of avidin in the oviduct of laying hens was 58·1 μg/g, and of ovalbumin 74·9 mg/g. Minimal traces of avidin and ovalbumin were found in the oviduct after hatching (0·3 and 5 μg/g respectively); however, progesterone did not have an effect on this expression. Sensitivity, rapidity and practicability, together with non-radioactivity, are the main advantages of the present IEMAs for chicken avidin and ovalbumin. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 191–197

scholarly journals In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kabiru ◽  
G. F. Ibikunle ◽  
D. A. Innalegwu ◽  
B. M. Bola ◽  
F. M. Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Macrolides and Telithromycin against Leptospirosis in a Hamster Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Moon ◽  
Michael C. Ellis ◽  
Matthew E. Griffith ◽  
Joshua S. Hawley ◽  
Robert G. Rivard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Daily Dose

ABSTRACT Human studies support the use of β-lactams and tetracyclines in the treatment of leptospirosis. Additional agents from these and other classes of antimicrobials also have in vitro activity against Leptospira species, though corroborating in vivo data are limited or lacking. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin in a lethal hamster model of leptospirosis using Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Portlandvere. A range of dosages for each antimicrobial was given to the infected animals on days 2 through 7 (5 days) of the 21-day survival model. All untreated control animals survived less than 10 days from infection. Ninety to 100% of doxycycline controls, treated for 5 days with 5 mg/kg of body weight of drug, survived to 21 days. Treatment with azithromycin (daily dose: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) resulted in 100% survival at all evaluated doses. Animals receiving 20 mg/kg or more of clarithromycin (daily dose: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, or 100 mg/kg) had improved survival. Ninety-eight percent of animals treated with telithromycin (daily dose: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 40 mg/kg) survived. We conclude that all agents tested have demonstrated in vivo efficacy in treating acute leptospirosis. These results provide support for further evaluation of macrolide and ketolide antimicrobial agents in human trials.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities ofMerremia tridentate(L.) Hall. f.

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamalutheen ◽  
S. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
T. Syed Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Arthritis Model ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Rat Paw Oedema

The various extracts ofMerremia tridentatewere investigated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in male albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model and the anti-arthritic activity was carried out using complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis model. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg bw) was used as a standard drug. The ethanol extract ofM. tridentateexhibited significant dose dependent activity in acute inflammation and the doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw produced 38.3% and 42.8% inhibition respectively after 3 h as compared with that of the standard drug which showed 48.5% inhibition. In arthritis model, the doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanol extract produced 49.0% and 51.7% inhibition respectively after 19 days when compared with that of the standard drug (55.5%). Both doses of the ethanol extract ofM. tridentateexhibit significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities.

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation and protective effect of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract in paracetamol induced oxidative stress in wister rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Babatunde T. Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Isolated Liver

Aim: Acute toxicity and protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. against Paracetamol induced oxidative stress was investigated. The LD50 of the leaf extract was determined using up and down technique and the effect of 1/10th and 1/20th/ LD50 of the extract on antioxidants enzymes and non-enzymes were assessed in the serum and isolated liver of normal and Paracetamol intoxicated rats. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s t-test was used as the test of significance. Values were considered significant at P value < 0.05. The results obtained indicated that LD50 of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg /body weight. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the level of hepatic (H) TBARs (81.97%), Catalase (38.42%) and serum (S) TBARs (164.44%) and catalase (64.72%) respectively but, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in hepatic activities of SOD, GPX, GR, vitamin C and E in paracetamol treated groups when compared with the serum and normal control group respectively. The extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/body/weight) and the standard silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the derange antioxidants parameters to near normal in dose dependent manners. The activities of the extract at the highest concentration (500 mg/kg/b.wt) compared favourably with the standard drug. The results suggested that the leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. contain bioactive compounds which could protect against toxicity induced oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further investigations in the search for the bioactive principle.

scholarly journals Zingiber Officinale Roscoe and Echinops Kebericho Mesfin Showed Antiplasmodial Activities against Plasmodium Berghei in a Dosedependent Manner in Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdissa Biruksew ◽  
Ahmed Zeynudin ◽  
Yonas Alemu ◽  
Lemu Golassa ◽  
Moti Yohannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Dose Dependent

BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to antimalarial drugs necessitated the search for new drugs from natural products. Zingiber officinal Roscoe and Echinops Kebericho Mesfin are traditional herbal medicines widely used for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity profile and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of 70% methanol crude extracts of both plant materials against Plasmodium berghei.METHODS: Healthy male Swiss Albino mice of age 4-5 weeks and weight 25-36 g were infected by P. berghei. The extracts were administered orally at doses 5000, 2500 and 1250 mg/kg for acute toxicity of E. kebericho Mesfin. Graded doses at 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg used for four days suppressive studies. Parasitemia, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and survival time were determined. SPSS Version 20 was used for the analysis of data of parasitemia, body weight, PCV, and survival times. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. Independent ttest was used to compare results. Results were presented as a mean ± standard error of the mean (M ± SEM). All data were analyzed at a 95% confidence interval (α= 0.05).RESULTS: At the dose of 5000 mg/kg, E. kebericho Mesfin showed no toxic effects. The LD50 of extract could go beyond the dose used. In vivo antiplasmodial activity of extracts showed excellent chemo suppression at 500 and 1000 mg/kg in a dose dependent manner compared with the negative control. The chemo suppressions of the 1000 mg/kg of both plant extracts were 49.53 ± 1.90% and 32.83 ± 1.03%, respectively. The survival times of P. berghei infected mice were also a dose dependent manner while failed to prevent weight loss.CONCLUSION: The extracts of both medicinal plants showed antiplasmodial activities against P. berghei. It confirmed the literature findings and their traditional uses. 

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