Multivariate analyses of indigenous bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces of Oman

2021 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Ali Hussain Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem Kaseemsaheb Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya Abubakar Al Saady ◽  
Saleh Ali Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
D Values

Oman is endowed with enormous diversity of important food crops that have global significance for food security and has ancient history of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with its divergent landraces, which are useful in crop improvement. 55 indigenous Omani accessions conserved at the USDA were evaluated in the winter season (November to April) of the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 on loamy soil under sprinklers in augmented design with 5 check varieties in 5 replications following crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations using 9 quantitative (descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits (anthocyanin pigmentation on plant parts). The data on traits were subjected not only for PC values and D values after varimax rotation through Kaiser normalization in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) but also for Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The results indicated that indigenous bread wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) for all the quantitative traits except number of tillers. The multivariate analyses led to formation of four diverse clusters from PCA analyses corresponding to four quadrants of bi-plot graphs and three clusters from AHC analysis corresponding to main clades of dendrogram. The parents were selected from common accessions of distinct clusters in all the multivariate analyses for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with pigmentation on one or two plant parts useful for DUS test of varieties. The indigenous bread wheat landraces / accessions were genetically diverse and have potential for use in national crop improvement programs for earliness and higher grain productivity with distinct identification markers.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Omani Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) Landraces

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Ali H. Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem K Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya A. AlSaady ◽  
Saleh A. Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Durum Wheat Landraces

Introduction: The Sultanate of Oman is rich in diversity of the most important crops like wheat, which not only has a global significance but is also regarded as one of the strategic crops in the country. The country has an ancient cultivation history of both bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.s.l.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) because of its characteristic location on the eastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula. Wheat landraces constitute the prime genetic resources of cultivated wheat not only in Oman but also in several MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) countries. Indigenous landraces have paramount significance for their potential utilization in crop improvement and conservation programs. Hence, the present study was undertaken to subject 17 indigenous durum wheat accessions for analyses of diversity to select parents for hybridization in national crop improvement programs. Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted consecutively for two cropping seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) during winter from November to March on the layouts of a loamy soil site under sprinkler irrigation system in Augmented Design with five check varieties replicated five times randomized and distributed throughout the experimental area under spacing and crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations. The data on 9 quantitative (Plant descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits on the presence (score 1) or absence (score 0) of pigmentation on 6 plant parts were collected. These traits were subjected to both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to comprehend the contribution of these characters towards diversity and form prime diverse clusters from 17 indigenous durum wheat landraces to select appropriate parents for crossing. Results: The results indicated that indigenous durum wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) with respect to all the quantitative characters except the number of tillers. Of 36 combinations of associations among 9 agro-morphological characters’ studied, only six correlations involving four characters viz. tiller no., spikelets/ spike, grains/spike, and grain length were found significant (p<0.05). The results of two multivariate analyses indicated the formation of four diverse clusters with different compositions of accessions, thus not supporting each other in discerning diversity. The parents were selected for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with one or two identifying markers of pigmentation on plant parts. Conclusion: The indigenous durum wheat landraces / accessions were found to be more diverse and potential for use in the national crop improvement programs for higher productivity.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Omani barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-639
Author(s):  
Ali H. Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem K. Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya A. AlSaady ◽  
Saleh A. Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar R. Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Oman has enormous diversity in important crops of global significance like wheat and barley considered as strategic crops. The country has an ancient cultivation history of barley because of its location on the eastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula and is known to have several landraces spread across all the agro-ecological regions. The present study was undertaken to comprehend genetic diversity in 16 indigenous Omani USDA accessions repatriated recently to select parents for hybridization in national crop improvement programs. The trial was conducted consecutively for two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) from November to March on the layouts of loamy soil sites under sprinkler irrigation system in augmented design under spacing and crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations. The data on eight quantitative characters and presence (score 1) or absence (score 0) of anthocyanin pigmentation on two plant parts were subjected to both hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to know the contribution of characters toward diversity and form prime diverse clusters. The results indicated not only significant differences between accessions (p < 0.05) with respect to the most of quantitative characters but also two significant correlations involving four characters associated with maturity and inflorescence (p < 0.05). The results of two multivariate analyses led to the formation of four diverse clusters with similar constituents of accessions to the most extent, thus supporting each other in discerning diversity. The parents were selected for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with anthocyanin-related characters.

scholarly journals Assessment of Stability, Adaptability and Yield Performance of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars in South Estern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ayalneh ◽  
T. Letta ◽  
M. Abinasa
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract The success of crop improvement and production activities can be enhanced with scientific information generated form genotype-environment interactions. GEI reduces the association between phenotype and genotype which result in relative ranking and stability differences of genotypes across environments. This study were conducted with the objective to identify stable, and adaptable bread wheat genotypes under various environments. Eighteen genotypes were tested across nine environments for two years on randomized block design of three replication. Plot size of 1.2 m × 2.5 m and 20cm spacing between rows were used. All recommended agronomic practices and managements were applied uniformly. Data were collected on plot basis and converted to ton ha-1. and analyzed with appropriate statistical software for stability parameters. Combined analysis over nine environments showed, variety Tuse (HAR-1407) ranked first in mean yield(3.11ton × ha-1), and K-6295–4A ranked second (3.01 ton × ha-1) and Dashen came third(2.98 ton ha-1). Analysis of AMMI model showed that the first principal component, PCA 1 explained 53.72% of the interaction sum of squares while the second principal component, PCA 2 explained 17.61% interaction sum of squares. Ecovalence(Wi) analysis showed that G2 (Sofumar(HAR-1889)), G4 (Kubsa(HAR-1685)), G5 (Tura(HAR-1407)), G7 (Galema (HAR-604)), G12 (Wabe (HAR-710)), almost equally the lowest ecovalence that evidenced less fluctuation across environment and found to be stable.

scholarly journals Variability in yield traits of TILLING population of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
Rajender Singh ◽  
Ratan Tiwari ◽  
Davinder Sharma ◽  
Vinod Tiwari ◽  
Indu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Tilling Population ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Normal Seed

Mutagenesis is one of the powerful genetic strategies for crop improvement programmes. A chemically induced mutated genetic resource for detecting novel variations by Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) has been developed in recently released bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar DPW621-50. A total of 3,478 M2 plants were evaluated for plant height, number of tillers/plant, thousand grain weight, number of seeds/spike and grain yield/plant. A large variation was observed for all the traits. The highest frequency (52.2%) of lines had similar height between 91-100 cm to the non-mutagenized DPW 621-50 control followed by 28.9% of lines with height between 81-90 cm. A large variation was observed in number of tillers/plant which ranged from 1-35 tillers/plant. The highest frequency (32.09%) lines had 31-40 seeds/spike followed by 29.84% lines with 41-50 seeds/spike. Few lines (0.35%) had more than 70 seeds/spike with normal seed size as their thousand grain weight ranged between 34.82-43.82g. Chlorophyll deficient, grassy type and sterile mutants were also observed. This population may serve as new genetic resource for functional genomics studies and novel variants for different traits in elite germplasm can be made available to the plant breeders for wheat improvement.

scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

Effect of Cold Pretreatment and Incubation Temperature on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Anther Culture

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Xynias ◽  
I. A. Zamani ◽  
E. Gouli-Vavdinoudi ◽  
D. G. Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cold Pretreatment
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