Male camel behavior and breeding management strategies: how to handle a camel bull during the breeding season?

Reproductive seasonality is observed in some breeds originating from or adapted to subtropical latitudes. In ‘photoperiodic flexible breeds’, such as Australian cashmere goats, the annual breeding season can be manipulated through nutrition, whereas in ‘photoperiodic rigid breeds’, such as Creole goats from subtropical Mexico, sexual activity can be controlled by altering the photoperiod. In males from the latter breed, artificial long days, whether or not accompanied by the administration of melatonin, stimulate sexual activity during the non-breeding season. These treated males are able to induce the sexual activity of anoestrous females through the male effect under intensive or extensive conditions. Photoperiodic treatments and the male effect can be easily integrated into different breeding management systems in subtropical latitudes.

Download Full-text

Appraisal of the management practices of goat farmers in selected districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province: can the extensionist play a role to improve?

South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) ◽

10.17159/2413-3221/2021/v49n2a12805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 84-96

Author(s):

Ntuli ◽

Pieter Fourie

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Management Practices ◽

Low Level ◽

Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽

Breeding Management ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Supplementary Feed ◽

Sound Management

The study was conducted to assess management practices by goat farmers in uMgungundlovu of the KwaZulu-Natal province. A total of 70 farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. A considerable number of respondents had low-level education (40%) n=28. Management activities performed by respondents included control of internal and external parasites, which was done by 94% and 96%, respectively. The most vaccinated for diseases were Pulpy kidney (61.54%) and Pasteurella (51.92%). Fifty-five respondents (78.57%) grazed their animals on the veld, while an insubstantial percentage of respondents had cultivated pastures (15.71%) n=11. Respondents provided winter and summer supplementary feed (46%) and supplementary lick (83%). A total of 17 farmers (24.29%) had a specific breeding season. Breeding management activities were done by farmers, and 5.71% of respondents tested bucks for fertility, while 18.57% provided flush feeding, and 11.43% performed pregnancy diagnosis. Most farmers who applied sound management practices reported elevated production levels.

Download Full-text

Social Behaviour and Circadian Variations in Different Activities of Captive Hog Deer (Axis porcinus)

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 2877-2884

Author(s):

Zahid Farooq ◽

Irfan Baboo ◽

Muhammad Younas ◽

Khalid Javed Iqbal ◽

Sana Asad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Animal Species ◽

Management Practices ◽

Behaviour Pattern ◽

Adult Males ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Circadian Variations ◽

Adult Females ◽

Breeding Management

Management practices/strategies to re-modulate the wild behaviour of animal species could increase their number in natural areas. The captive herd of hog deer showed slight changes from wild behaviour due to captive stress with no alteration in wild behaviour pattern except captive stress. Adult males (6), adult females (6) and fawns (6) were selected and observed round the clock for thirty days across season after one-hour interval on each activity. All subjects in hotter part of the day spent more time in sitting and rest. While, few hours of night in sleeping, resting and rumination. Fawn spent more time in sitting, resting, and hiding compared to adults. During wandering, they also spent some time in standing. It was noticed that all hog deer in herd not slept together but few of them remain active. Only male fighting was observed and maximum was noticed in August and September during breeding season. Hog deer were mainly crepuscular in feeding with irregular short intakes, and grazing on grasses present in enclosure. This study provides guideline to rehabilitate wild hog deer for better breeding management, conservation and raising practices.

Download Full-text

Microhabitat use and segregation of two sibling species of Calandrella larks during the breeding season: Conservation and management strategies

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.biocon.2005.04.010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

David Serrano ◽

Carlos Astrain

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Sibling Species ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Microhabitat Use ◽

Conservation And Management

Download Full-text

Monitoring Breeding Bird Populations in Grand Teton National Park: 1995-1997

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1997.3311 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 13-25

Author(s):

Martin Cody ◽

Stephen Cain

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

National Park ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Bird Species ◽

Breeding Habitat ◽

Breeding Bird ◽

Grand Teton National Park ◽

Bird Populations ◽

The Impact

In summer 1997 our NPS-funded project # CA-1460-5-0010, covering a 3-y period from summer 1995 through summer 1997, was completed. The immediate goals of the project were to instigate a system for monitoring the densities of breeding bird species, by establishment of flxed sites as a basis for a long term monitoring plan and of census protocols that can detect changes of breeding species and their densities over successive years. The monitoring scheme is conducted largely within Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), but covers habitats and an avifauna representative of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) and the central-northern Rocky Mountains in general. The project emphasizes the need for longÂterm and on-going studies on breeding bird species and densities and their importance as a tool for evaluating the impact of both local and distant influences on breeding bird populations. For residents, species that remain all year in or near the breeding habitat, local effects include those operating on-site during the non-breeding season as well as during the breeding season. For migrant species, those that breed on-site but leave to spend the non-breeding season in other locations, often distant and usually of quite different habitat composition, there are both on-site influences on breeding population densities, such as inter-year changes in vegetation structure and productivity, and off-site or distant influences, including factors that affect over-wintering success in the nonÂbreeding habitat and others that influence a successful transit between wintering and breeding grounds. The assessment of long-term trends in bird densities may be used as a form of bioassay of the state of the local environments. Information from such studies can provide region-wide indicators that, given a sufficiently comprehensive data base, can segregate local from distant influences on populations. Such indicators can be incorporated into management strategies to aid in determining which local strategies may be necessary (and feasible) to help maintain the biota.

Download Full-text

Large-scale movement patterns of male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Shark Bay, Australia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf12030 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 1108 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erica L. Olson ◽

Anne K. Salomon ◽

Aaron J. Wirsing ◽

Michael R. Heithaus

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sea Turtles ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Caretta Caretta ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽

Shark Bay ◽

Loggerhead Turtles

Large marine vertebrates are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic threats because they tend to be long-lived, late to mature and wide-ranging. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are characterised by such life history traits and are listed as ‘Endangered’ by The World Conservation Union. Although juvenile movements and at-sea behaviour of adult females are relatively well studied, little is known about the movements of males and their subsequent exposure to threats. Shark Bay, Western Australia, is home to the largest breeding population of loggerhead turtles in Australia. We assessed the large-scale movements of nine adult male loggerhead turtles, with the goal of aiding conservation and management policies. During 7 months outside the breeding season, all nine turtles stayed within the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, with most showing fidelity to small coastal foraging areas. Several turtles, however, showed relatively large movements between core foraging areas. None of the four turtles that continued transmitting through the breeding season exhibited obvious movements towards nesting beaches, suggesting that mating may occur on foraging grounds or that males are not mating every year. Quantifying male loggerhead movements assists conservation planning by identifying biologically relevant spatial scales at which research and management strategies should be designed.

Download Full-text

The first ovulation of the breeding season in the mare: The effect of progesterone priming on pregnancy rate and breeding management (hCG response rate and number of services per cycle and mare)

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.08.008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 118 (2-4) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. Cuervo-Arango ◽

A. Clark

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Response Rate ◽

Breeding Management

Download Full-text

The effect of management history on oestrus cyclicity in mule ewes

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600028610 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 94-94

Author(s):

Margaret E King ◽

Linda M Mitchell ◽

R P Aitken ◽

Jacqueline M Wallace

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Winter Solstice ◽

Management History ◽

Breeding Management ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Natural Breeding ◽

Exogenous Substances ◽

Teaser Rams

Extensive research has been focused on advancing the breeding season of the ewe but little is known about the duration of the natural breeding season and if this is influenced by previous breeding management. Lambing percentage declines after the winter solstice but it would appear conception rate is maintained or improved (King, 1990). Oestrus cycles also appear to become naturally synchronised at this time giving a compact lambing without the use of teaser rams or exogenous substances. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of management history on the onset and duration of ovarian activity in the commercially important Mule (Bluefaced Leicester x Blackface/Swaledale) ewe and on ovulation rate measured on three occasions during the natural breeding season.

Download Full-text