scholarly journals Current Status of Precision Breeding Technology and Plant Transformation for Development of Wheat Breeding Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-265
Author(s):  
Geon Hee Lee ◽  
Chang Hyun Choi ◽  
Jae Yoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Breeding Technology

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Bellido ◽  
Eduado D. Souza Canadá ◽  
Hugo R. Permingeat ◽  
Viviana Echenique
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Apomictic Species ◽  
Transformation Methods

The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.

scholarly journals Durum Wheat Breeding in the Mediterranean Region: Current Status and Future Prospects

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Xynias ◽  
Ioannis Mylonas ◽  
Evangelos G. Korpetis ◽  
Elissavet Ninou ◽  
Aphrodite Tsaballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mediterranean

This brief historical review focuses on durum wheat domestication and breeding in the Mediterranean region. Important milestones in durum wheat breeding programs across the countries of the Mediterranean basin before and after the Green Revolution are discussed. Additionally, the main achievements of the classical breeding methodology are presented using a comparison of old and new cultivars. Furthermore, current breeding goals and challenges are analyzed. An overview of classical breeding methods in combination with current molecular techniques and tools for cultivar development is presented. Important issues of seed quality are outlined, focusing on protein and characteristics that affect human health and are connected with the consumption of wheat end-products.

Virus Yellows in sugar beet – possibilities to achieve virus resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 696-701
Author(s):  
Roxana Hossain ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Virus Interaction ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Virus yellows in sugar beet is caused by different virus species. Monitoring has shown that Beet yellows virus (BYV), Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) are common and widespread, while Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) is less prevalent. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is considered the main vector of these viruses. Sugar beet varieties with resistance or tolerance traits are currently not available to practical growers, therefore it is imperative to support breeding efforts with improved strategies to achieve virus resistance. For this purpose, a field test was established in which yield differences between susceptible and tolerant varieties can be generated by a 3% inoculation with BMYV-carrying aphids. A greenhouse bioassay has also been developed to distinguish susceptible and tolerant genotypes following BYV infection. Both assays pave the way for future use of natural resources such as wild forms and other breeding material to screen for virus resistance. In addition, molecular biology approaches are used to identify plant susceptibility factors of the plant-virus interaction, which will be knocked out via modern precision breeding methods to generate recessive virus resistance. Consequently, genotypes with naturally occurring mutations in the appropriate factors can be used for crossbreeding processes into elite breeding material.

scholarly journals Methods for evaluation of wheat breeding material for frost tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
S. Pykalo ◽  
O. Demydov ◽  
T. Yurchenko ◽  
K. Rybka ◽  
M. Kharchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Material

scholarly journals Wheat Breeding for Durable Rust Resistance and High Yield Potential in Historical Prospective and Current Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan ◽  
Yasir Ali ◽  
Muhammad Makky Javaid ◽  
Babar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yield Potential

scholarly journals Current status of new plant breeding technology and its efforts toward social acceptance

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Jung ◽  
Jong Mi Kim ◽  
Soo-Chul Park ◽  
Yong-Gu Cho ◽  
Kwon Kyoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Breeding Technology

scholarly journals Methods for evaluation of wheat breeding material for drought tolerance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
S. Pykalo ◽  
◽  
O. Demydov ◽  
T. Yurchenko ◽  
S. Khomenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conducting Research

Wheat is one of the most valuable cereals on the planet and plays a leading role in the food supply of mankind. The range of wheat is very large, since it is cultivated on five continents in most countries of the world. The genetic improvement of wheat is crucial because of its direct impact on the economic development, international grain trade and food security of the country, so the relevance of research in solving many genetic-breeding problems regarding this crop is growing and acquires a qualitatively new character. The increase in productivity is the most important criterion in the cultivation of any crops, in particular wheat. Drought is one of the main limiting environmental factors that reduce plant productivity. In order to guarantee agriculture from losses in dry years, it is necessary to have varieties tolerant to moisture deficiency. That is why one of the priority areas of wheat breeding is the creation of varieties tolerant to the action of water deficiency. The success of breeding when creating drought tolerant forms largely depends on the correct assessment of the degree of their tolerance. Conducting research on the assessment of genotypes for tole­rance to water stress is one of conditions for increasing efficiency of the breeding process of this culture. The results obtained in the analysis of literature data, found that for screening of wheat varieties for drought tolerance there are many methods based on different principles of action, and each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. To accelerate the breeding process and obtain reliable results, it is necessary to apply various methods of researching samples on specific signs of tolerance to stress. The choice of method largely depends on the degree of its complexity, the duration of the assessment and throughput. Therefore, the creation of new and improvement of existing methods for assessing wheat breeding material for drought tolerance in conditions of increasing water deficit or temperature increase will make it possible to objectively characterize the level of adaptability of promising genotypes and predict their behavior in appropriate environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Lithuanian Winter Wheat Breeding Material

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Wheat Lines

Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Lithuanian Winter Wheat Breeding Material At the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, during 2004-2006, resistance to powdery mildew of approximately 1,500 winter wheat lines was assessed in check and competitive trial nurseries. Our experimental evidence showed that there were no genotypes with effective resistance singlegenes among the lines tested. Effective powdery mildew resistance from start to end of vegetation season depended on the quantitative resistance level. The most resistant lines were evaluated with a score of 2 and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values ranging between 1.0-5.4. The most susceptible genotypes from the collection nurseries had score 8-9 and AUDPC values ranging between 1350-2220. The correlations between maximal disease severity and AUDPC values were strong (r = 0.79-0.92). Genotypes with AUDPC values up to 10 represented 93 lines or 7% in the check trial nursery and 22 lines or 9% in the competitive trial nursery. Lines evaluated with a score 4-5 and AUDPC value 100-300 dominated in 2004. In the next year the dominant genotypes had resistance scores 3-4 and AUDPC value 50-200. The highest powdery mildew resistance (score 2 and AUDPC value 1.0) was identified for the lines Maverich/Victo, Flair/Lut.9392, Strumok/Lut.9321, Zentos/Lut.97-6, Strumok/Lut.9313, Dirigent/Cortez in 2006.

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