Abstract Introduction Fat is a metabolic fuel, but excess body fat is ballast mass, and therefore, many elite athletes reduce body fat to dangerously low levels. Uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured by brightness-mode ultrasound (US) provides an estimate of body fat content. Methods The accuracy for determining tissue borders is about 0.1–0.2 mm and reliability (experienced measurers) was within ± 1.4 mm (95% limit of agreement, LOA). We present here inter- and intra-measurer scores of three experienced US measurers from each of the centres C1 and C2, and of three novice measurers from each of the centres C3–C5. Each of the five centres measured 16 competitive adult athletes of national or international level, except for one centre where the number was 12. The following sports were included: artistic gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, power lifting, rowing, kayak, soccer, tennis, rugby, basketball, field hockey, water polo, volleyball, American football, triathlon, swimming, cycling, long-distance running, mid-distance running, hurdles, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and ice hockey. SAT contour was detected semi-automatically: typically, 100 thicknesses of SAT at a given site (i.e., in a given image), with and without fibrous structures, were measured. Results At SAT thickness sums DI (of eight standardised sites) between 6.0 and 70.0 mm, the LOA of experienced measurers was 1.2 mm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC was 0.998; novice measurers: 3.1 mm and 0.988. Intra-measurer differences were similar. The median DI value of all 39 female participants was 51 mm (11% fibrous structures) compared to 17 mm (18%) in the 37 male participants. Discussion DI measurement accuracy and precision enables detection of fat mass changes of approximately 0.2 kg. Such reliability has not been reached with any other method. Although females’ median body mass index and mass index were lower than those of males, females’ median DI was three times higher, and their percentage of fibrous structures was lower. The standardised US method provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring SAT and thus changes in body fat, but training of measurers is important.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of the antioxidant sodium selenite (0.1 mg/kg/day) via gavage once a day for 30 days for the first time in a model of malathion (27 mg/kg/day) via gavage once a day for 30 days induced testicular toxicity in mice. Results of this study revealed that concomitant administration of selenium has prevented the decrease in mean final and relative body weight as well as testicular and relative testicular weight as compared to malathion group. Concomitant selenium administration has also decreased malondialdehyde contents and increased serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, acetylcholinesterase and testicular levels and activities of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and improved the testicular histopathological features as compared to malathion group.

Overweight is a state that exceeds the relative body weight of a person as a result of the accumulation of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This condition is caused by an imbalance between energy consumption compared to the needs or the use of energy. This study aims to determine the relationship of consumption patterns of sweet drinks to excess body weight teenagers in SMP IT IQRA  Bengkulu 2018.  This study is a cross-sectional research design. A sample is all teenagers who have overweight (overweight and obesity) as much as 57 teenagers. consumption of sweet drinks was collected by interviews using Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). The result showed that there was no contribution of consumption of sweet drinks to overweight teenagers (p-value 0.590). The habit of consuming sweet drinks does not contribute to increased body weight in teenagers who have excess body weight. To prevent overweight is recommended to consume balanced nutrition and avoid foods and beverages high in glucose.Berat badan berlebih adalah suatu keadaan yang melebihi dari berat badan relatif seseorang sebagai akibat penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi energi dibandingkan kebutuhan atau pemakaian energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja di SMP IT IQRA’ kota Bengkulu tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel adalah seluruh remaja yang mempunyai berat badan berlebih (overweight dan obesitas) yang diambil dengan metode Total sampling yaitu sebanyak 57 remaja. konsumsi minuman manis dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kontribusi konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja (p value 0.593). Kebiasaan mengonsumsi minuman manis tidak berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan berat badan pada remaja yang memiliki berat badan berlebih. Untuk mencegah berat badan berlebih disarankan  mengonsumsi gizi seimbang dan menghindari makanan dan minuman yang tinggi glukosa.

For evaluation of Fulton’s condition factor (CFf), relative body weight (BWr) and form (a3.0) factor affecting growth, 5 fishes (Aspidoparia jaya, Gagata cenia, G. youssoufi, Salmophasia bacaila and S. phulo) were collected from the Atari River in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded among the values of CFf (0.47-1.56) but not for BWr (79.60- 128.39). Based on CFf values, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM, p < 0.01) revealed that maximum distances (R = 0.9946) were found between G. youssoufi and S. bacaila while lowest (R = 0.2175) between G. cenia and S. phulo. Using two-dimensional nMDS scaling of CFf and BWr, G. youssoufi showed good health condition (CFf = 1.22±0.01; BWr = 100.63±0.79) and were separated (stress = 0.0003) from other fishes. Lowest a3.0 value was noted for S. bacaila (0.004) and highest for G. youssoufi (0.012). Therefore, G. youssoufi showed healthier and former body with more adaptability in this river than those of others. These are the first records for proper management of above mentioned fish species and future research in the near future.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 155-160, 2018

The research was aimed to study Bali bulls fed with Pennisetum purpureum with fermented rice straws substitution in Manokwari Regency, West Papua was conducted experimentally with 12 Bali bulls that have average weight of 176.02±38.35 kg with 2 – 2,5 years old for 5 months duration. The study was designed using complete randomized design of nested pattern with 3 (three) treatments, 4 (four) replications and 4 (four) times weighing, with an assumption that Bali bulls are nested during weighing time. The results of this study showed that Penicetum purpureum substitution with fermented straws did not significant on Bali bulls body weight. The duration of fermented rice straws feeding that substituted with Penicetum purpureum significant for Bali bulls weight gain with the average absolute weight gain is 0,68 kg/ day, as well as relative body weight gain of 0,033 kg/ day. The potential of rice straws in Manokwari Regency might be utilized as Bali bulls feed as many 9.431 – 46.846 cattle.

The work on the basis of anatomical, histological, morfmetric and statistical research methods found histomorphology of pancreas in clinically healthy dogs at a postnatal ontogenesis. It was found that in the process of growth and development of animals sheer mass (AM) of the pancreas increased from 1.44 ± 0.64 g daily puppies to age 29.83 ± 3.0 g dogs 3–4 years of age. The most intensive growth options of pancreas observed to 8 months of age. Relative body weight with age, on the contrary, decreases. Histological structure of pancreas consists of individual particles composed of exocrine and endocrine parts. Exocrine part of the pancreas by morphometric studies conducted occupies the bulk of the parenchyma of the organ - the area of neonatal puppies is 99.49 ± 0.04%. From the age of exocrine gland parenchyma decreases in mature dogs is 98.55 ± 0.07%. The structural unit of the exocrine part is round or oval pancreatic acini, which built a wall pancreatocytes. The latter are elongated or prismatic shape and distinct polar differentiation – basal and apical zones. Pancreatocytes volume increases with age animals from 353.33 ± 12.91 mkm3 in one day puppies to 507.84 ± 25.06 mkm3 3–4-year-old dog, which leads to changes in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, which in newborn puppies 1-day of age is 0.139 ± 0.01 conv. units in mature dogs – 0.089 ± 0.01 conv. units, respectively, decreasing to (Р < 0.001) 1.56 times, and shows Morphofunctional pancreatocytes activity. Endocrine part of pancreas occupies a small area, respectively, in 1-day puppies is 0.51 ± 0.04%, in dogs 3–4 years of age – 1.45 ± 0.07%. It is represented by small clusters of cells round or oval, which form pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) in diameter puppies one day age is 35.31 ± 0.39 mm. in mature dogs – 36.65 ± 0.13 mm.

SummaryObjectives: To investigate the conformation of the proximal tibia in small breed dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) and to identify morphologic abnormalities that may predispose to development of CCLD.Methods: Mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg with surgically confirmed CCLD were retrospectively evaluated. Proximal tibial width (PTW), tibial plateau length (TPL), tibial plateau angle as described by Slocum and Slocum (sTPA), proximal tibial tuberosity angle (PTTA), tibial plateau angle as described by Inauen and colleagues (nTPA), and diaphyseal tibial width (DTW) were measured. The same variables were obtained from mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg without CCLD. In addition, a quotient nTPA/ PTW, relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), and relative body weight (rBW) were calculated for each dog. Independent two-sample t-test (p = 0.05) was used to compare mean ± SD of all measured variables between the two groups.Results: Gender, age, and weight mean ± SD were not significantly different between the two groups of dogs (p <0.05). Dogs with CCLD had significantly greater sTPA (p = 0.015) and rBW (p = 0.016).Clinical significance: In dogs of small breeds, a combination of an excessively steep tibial plateau and an increased relative body weight may predispose to early CCLD development. The slope of the tibial plateau was found to be caused by an abnormal caudal angulation of the proximal tibia, a phenomenon previously associated with CCLD development in small breed dogs in individual cases.

Objective. The aim was to study the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of QWRG on adjuvant-induced RA in rats. Methods. The RA rat models were manipulated and subsequently divided into five experimental groups: AIA, DEX, and QWRG groups. The paw volume, body weight, arthritic score, and mechanical nociceptive threshold were assessed. The serum levels of the RF, MDA, ALP, AST, ALT, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-16, and TNF-α were measured. The proliferative capacity of lymphocytes was evaluated, and the synovial tissue was histopathologically examined. Results. The paw swelling and arthritic scores were relieved, and the variation of relative body weight and mechanical nociceptive threshold had improved in the AIA rats. The serum levels of RF, MDA, ALP, AST, and ALT were alleviated, and the inflammation and cartilage damage were effectively attenuated in the AIA rats. Simultaneously, the inflammation of the synovial cavity was alleviated, and the grading of synovitis reduced by inhibiting the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-16 in the serum and synovium tissue. Conclusion. Our results suggested that the antiarthritic properties of QWRG may be due to immunodepression and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, which may be a potential candidate for the treatment of RA.

Obesitas merupakan suatu keadaan yang melebihi dari berat badan relatif seseorang sebagai akibat penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Obesitas  pada anak sekolah merupakan masalah serius karena akan berlanjut hingga usia dewasa serta merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit metabolik dan degeneratif. Upaya pencegahan dan terapi obesitas pada anak dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengaturan diet, peningkatan aktifitas fisik dan mengubah pola hidup atau perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media Diary TERATAS (Terapi Anak Obesitas) yang berisi pedoman dan rekam jejak diet terhadap perubahan perilaku gizi pada siswa sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre-test post-test design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas 5 SD Islam Al Azhar 14 Kota Semarang yang masuk dalam kategori obesitas. Pada penelitian ini digunakan total sampling. Jumlah responden adalah 32 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat (wilcoxon). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil signifikansi antara nilai pre-test dan post-test adalah 0,000. Nilai p (0,000) < 0,05, maka pemberian media Diary TERATAS (Terapi Anak Obesitas) mampu mengubah perilaku gizi siswa di SD Islam Al Azhar 14 Kota Semarang.   Obesity was a condition when the body weight of a person was more than the relative body weight as the result of the accumulation of nutrients especially carbohydrate, fat and protein. Obesity in school children was a serious problem since it would continue until they were adult and it was also the factor of metabolic and degenerative disease. The prevention and control of obesity in school children could be done by putting them on diet, increasing their physical activities, and changing their life styles or their behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of “Diary TERATAS” (Terapi Anak Obesitas) which contained the guidance and track records of diet in changing nutritional behavior of elementary students. This research was pre-experiment research with one group pre-test post-test design. The population was 5th graders of Islamic Elementary School of Al Azhar 14 Semarang with obese category. It used total sampling with 32 students as respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate (Wilcoxon). From the research, it showed significance between the pre-test and post-test was 0.000. P-value (0.000) <0.05, therefore “Diary TERATAS” (Terapi Anak Obesitas) provision capable in changing nutritional behavior of Islamic Elementary School of Al Azhar 14 Semarang students.