Initial stage of copper thermal oxidation studied by UV-vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy, XPS and X-ray diffraction

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Machefert ◽  
A. D'Huysser ◽  
M. Lenglet ◽  
J. Lopitaux ◽  
D. Delahaye
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Temperature on Cu2O Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Ha ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
Bach Thanh Cong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Dieu Thu ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Binh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu2o Thin Films

We report a facile process to fabricate cuprous thin films by thermal oxidation of copper substrates. Structure and phase identification were studied by X-ray diffraction measurement and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study surface morphology of the as-fabricated thin films and optical properties of the samples were investigated by diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The study shows that cuprous thin films could be obtained by controlling annealing temperature in the region of 200-300 oC.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of the Dendrite Array Created in the Root of Cored SX Turbine Blades during Initial Stage of Crystallization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Robert Paszkowski ◽  
Jacek Krawczyk ◽  
Włodzimierz Bogdanowicz ◽  
Dariusz Szeliga ◽  
Jan Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dendrite Branching ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Vertical Bridgman ◽  
Lateral Dendrite ◽  
Root Connection

The roots of cored single-crystalline turbine blades made of a nickel-based CMSX-4 superalloy were studied. The casts were solidified by the vertical Bridgman method in an industrial ALD furnace using the spiral selector and selector continuer situated asymmetrically in the blade root transverse section. Scanning electron microscopy, the Laue diffraction and X-ray diffraction topography were used to visualize the dendrite array and the local crystal misorientation of the roots. It has been stated that heterogeneity of the dendrite array and creation of low-angle boundaries (LABs) are mostly related to the lateral dendrite branching and rapid growth of the secondary and tertiary dendrites near the surface of the continuer–root connection. These processes have an unsteady character. Additionally, the influence of the mould walls on the dendrite array heterogeneity was studied. The processes of the lateral growth of the secondary dendrites and competitive longitudinal growth of the tertiary dendrites are discussed and a method of reducing the heterogeneity of the root dendrite array is proposed.

Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Activity of Boron-Doped BiVO4

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 890-894
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Lian Wei Shan ◽  
Gui Lin Wang ◽  
Li Min Dong ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scheelite Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boron Doped

Boron-BiVO4 samples were synthesized by sol-gel method. They were characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. Photocatalytic activity of the obtained BiVO4 samples was investigated through degrading methylene blue (MB). The results reveal that boron-BiVO4 catalysts have monoclinic scheelite structure. The BiVO4 and Co-BiVO4 photocatalysts were responsive to visible light. Co-BiVO4 photocatalyst showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4, resulting in the significantly improved efficiency of degradation of MB.

Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of Thermal Oxidation of Si and SiGe

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-493
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Shimura ◽  
Yuki Okamoto ◽  
Daisuke Shimokawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Inoue ◽  
Takuji Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Interdiffusion in Co/Ta Multilayer Thin Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 237-240 ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Myeong Lee ◽  
Byeong Seon Lee ◽  
Chan Gyu Lee ◽  
Yasunori Hayashi ◽  
Bon Heun Koo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stress Release ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Interdiffusion Coefficients

We will discuss the stress release phenomena, structural relaxation and interdiffusion processes during annealing. The [Co(4nm)/Ta(4nm)]38 multilayers were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on Si substrate. The multilayers were annealed at various temperatures (523 - 673K) in vacuum (under 10-5 torr) furnace. The effective interdiffusion coefficients were determined from the slope of the best straight line fit of the first peak intensity versus annealing time [d ln(I(t)/I(0)) /dt] by X-ray diffraction (XRD) low angle measurements. The drastic decrease of the relative intensity in the initial stage shown due to the structural relaxation was excluded in the calculation of effective interdiffusion coefficients. The temperature dependence of interdiffusion in the range of 523 - 673K is described by D = 3.2×10-19 exp(-0.51±0.11 eV/kT) m2s-1.

Otosclerotic Stapes: Morphological and Microchemical Correlates

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lim ◽  
William H. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Sclerotic Lesions ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

A total of 32 otosclerotic stapes is thin-sectioned without decalcification and examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopes, with a nondispersive x-ray analyzer attached to the latter. These otosclerotic stapes are classified as spongiotic, sclerotic, or preotosclerotic, according to their pathologic characteristics and state of mineralization. Either diffuse or patchy demineralization in the ground substance appears to be the initial stage of otosclerosis, and this area coincides with preotosclerotic lesions (also known as blue mantle) in light microscopy. Therefore, it is interpreted that demineralization precedes the destruction of ground substance in the preotosclerotic lesion. Bone mineral deposits in new otosclerotic bone appear to be related to the collagen fibrils that are embedded in the ground substance. No mineral deposit could be seen without the ground substance deposition; therefore, it is suggested that this ground substance is the single most important factor in the poor mineralization of the otosclerosis. The sclerotic lesions are well mineralized and show a typical pattern of hydroxyapatite by x-ray diffraction study. We could not confirm the notion that the sclerotic lesion is hypermineralized as compared to the normal stapes. The spongiotic lesions are poorly mineralized, with low calcium salt. Using the Ca/P ratio and x-ray diffraction pattern as criteria, it was determined that spongiotic lesions belong to unstable, immature bone.

Investigation Of Nucleation And Initial Stage Of Gan Growth By Atomic Force Microscopy And X-Ray Diffraction

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Yip ◽  
S.-Q. Wang ◽  
A. J. Drehman ◽  
L. D. Zhu ◽  
P. E. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Yellow Luminescence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rocking Curve ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Initial Stage

AbstractThe nucleation and initial stage of GaN growth on sapphire was investigated by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence. A 15 to 30 nm thick GaN buffer layer deposited at proper conditions was extremely smooth and nearly amorphous. Proper post deposition annealing resulted in the buffer crystallized. The buffer layer deposition temperature, thickness and annealing time and temperature must be coordinated. Low deposition temperature and/or insufficient annealing of the buffer results in a GaN wafer which has fine spiking surface morphology with an RMS of 3.4 nm for 1.4 μm wafer, strong yellow luminescence and wide xray rocking curve FWHM. High deposition temperature, longer crystallization time, and a low growth rate results in a wafer which exhibits strong band edge luminescence without noticeable yellow luminescence, and a narrow (002) diffraction rocking curve. However, the surface morphology exhibits well developed hexagonal feature with RMS roughness of 14.3 nm for a 570 nm thick layer. X-ray rocking curve analysis revealed buffer crystallization, domain coalescence and alignment process. The FWHM of the ω–scan of GaN (101) diffraction was 1700–2000 arc seconds for 200–1400 nm wafers which indicates that the twist of the domains is not changing much with the growth.

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Flower-Like ZnIn2S4 Microspheres by a Solvothermal Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jie Zhou ◽  
Peng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, flower-like ZnIn2S4 microspheres were synthesized using a solvothermal method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnIn2S4 microspheres was investigated. The ZnIn2S4 microspheres exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than pure P25 TiO2.

Optical Properties of Nanostructured Mesoporous Semiconductor Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Nandhakumar ◽  
Timothy Gabriel ◽  
Xiahong Li ◽  
George S. Attard ◽  
Matthew Markham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Semiconductor Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Liquid Crystal Templating

AbstractDirect liquid crystal templating from non-ionic polyoxyethylene surfactants has been utilised to produce well-defined birefringent films of nanostructured cadmium telluride with mesoporous architectures of extended spatial periodicities. The template mixtures and films were characterised by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and polarising optical microscopy to ascertain the presence of a regular nanostructure. UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the films' optical properties.

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