scholarly journals Relation of the Green Structure and the Appropriation of Public Spaces in Large-Scale Residential Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032020
Author(s):  
Agnese Sofija Kusmane ◽  
Natalija Nitavska
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Spatial Element ◽  
Green Structure

Abstract More than a half of residents in some capital cities of the former Socialist block live in large-scale residential areas that had been built from the 1950s to the 1980s. The public space satisfaction in the areas is low, the residents rarely appropriate the yards and streets of the housing complexes. The aim of the paper is to provide a framework for the understanding of residents’ assessment of public space and its relation to the appropriation; the framework can be used for the development of building or landscape architecture projects focused at reconstruction of the public space. Public Space Quality Model is generated in the paper. The model includes three spatial categories that are defined by metrical values, configuration components and dominant spatial elements – elements that determine size, category, and the structure of a space. Using the observation method in the residential areas of the former East Berlin, the research concludes that the model demonstrates the highest precision of predictability of the appropriation intensity of the public space when the green structure is used as the dominant spatial element. A method accompanying the model is presented in the paper that permits to use specific types of trees or shrubs in particular distancing and concrete arrangements to create spaces of high, medium, or low appropriation level in large-scale residential areas.

scholarly journals Cambridge Servicemen’s Memorial (Breuer, 1945): espacio público para el recuerdo

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Salvador José Sanchís Gisbert ◽  
Pedro Ponce Gregorio ◽  
Ignacio Peris Blat
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Commitment

Marcel Breuer was in the first year of architectural technicians to graduate from Bauhaus School. The peculiar education he received there allowed him to explore the concept of design in its broadest sense. In his European stage we find, on the most private and small scale, unique solutions for furniture. In his first American stage we see a strong commitment with solutions related to the residential land and, when he earned international recognition, he developed large scale solutions for his public non-residential buildings and urban equipments in locations all over the world. It is strange to see that an architect like him did not have the opportunity to materialize any of his proposals associated with the public space. The 1945 Cambridge Servicemen’s Memorial project, also known as the Memorial War, is the most significant one he developed in his last years in Cambridge. Had it been built, it would have been a valuable example of modernity and contemporary reinterpretation of the monument in the public space.

scholarly journals RAPID DATA COLLECTION FOR THE AUDIT OF MONUMENTS & MEMORIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
C. Jackson ◽  
M. Nkhasi-Lesaoana ◽  
L. Mofutsanyana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Audit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monuments And Memorials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract. The tradition of memorialising people and events through physical constructions such as statues and monuments like in many countries, has shaped the public space of a modern South Africa. Considering the colonial and apartheid history of South Africa, these physical markers, often uncontextualized, continue to maintain positions of prominence within the modern streetscape.Since the turn of the democratic era in South Africa, a pressing need has existed to assess the impact of the markers on the heritage landscape of the country. An endeavour made more difficult by a lack of a comprehensive inventory of these resources across the country.The National Audit of Monuments and Memorials (NAMM) was designed to address this gap through a full national survey of monuments and memorials, conducted under the auspices of a job creation stimulus package designed to create short term employment in the wake of the economic fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic. Undertaking this project under this funding mechanism required that all phases of the project be undertaken within a six-month period.The compressed timeframes associated with this project required an approach that could support a level of fluidity to address the challenges of undertaking a project of this nature, whilst ensuring that the data collected by field surveyors can be monitored and included in the inventory of the national estate in an effective manner.The aim of this paper is to discuss and showcase the tools and workflows used to roll out and manage the large-scale national audit of monuments and memorials across South Africa.

Normal Rationality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Ullmann-Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family

How do people proceed when they cannot act on the basis of reasons, or project likely consequences? How is social order possible? Ullmann-Margalit demonstrates that people have identifiable strategies for making difficult decisions, whether the question is small (what to buy at a supermarket) or big (whether to transform one’s life in some large-scale way). She also shows that social dilemmas are solved by norms; that invisible-hand explanations take two identifiable (and dramatically different) forms; that trust can emerge in seemingly unpromising situations; and that considerateness is the foundation on which our relationships are organized in both the thin context of the public space and the intimate context of the family.

Shadowed by Images: Rafael Lozano-Hemmer and the Art of Surveillance

2010 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriss Ravetto-Biagioli
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Installation Art ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Video Installation ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Tracking Devices

This essay explores how the large-scale video-installation art of Rafael Lozano-Hemmer uses the illusion of confrontation, contact, and interactivity to create what many spectators describe as an uncanny experience. Like Freud's uncanny, Lozano-Hemmer's work undermines stable subject positions and thus the possibility of the specific symbolic meaning for the installation. The ungrounding of subjectivity does not necessarily point to the subjects' own absence or lack of wholeness, nor to its own possible obsolescence. Rather, it points to the disjuncture between recognizing and reacting to the fact that we are being followed (by images, interfaces, and tracking devices), and recognizing and reacting to the fact that these devices already anticipate our movements, desires, and trajectories. Lozano-Hemmer's work asks about how surveillance systems, global capital, and digital technologies have reconfigured notions of embodiment and public space, and of the public itself.

scholarly journals Analysis of landscape microclimate and green space transformation strategy for old residential areas——case: Luoliu community

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Aiping Gou ◽  
Yihan Li ◽  
Jiangbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
The Impact

As an old community, Luoliu community is representative in Shanghai. Traditional infrastructure is not combined with public space and green space layout, which makes the climate resilience of the old residential area urgently need to be improved. Through questionnaire survey, field measurement, combined with Envi-met to simulate microclimate changes and formulated green space resilience transformation strategies. Microclimate factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction change with the spatial distribution and vegetation structure. First, the walls of buildings are most vulnerable to the shadow of buildings. The microclimate of the building enclosed green space is stable, but its toughness is poor. Parallel green space can restrain the temperature rise to a certain extent, it has strong space toughness. Green enclosure space is also closed, usually covered with green plants. Although it can reduce the impact of solar radiation, overgrown and untrimmed trees will become an obstacle to air ducts. Ventilation should be the priority. Second, the canopy and vertical structure of green plants should be reasonable. Third, the combination layout of the dominant wind direction and the residential complex shall be considered comprehensively to plan the public facilities and sidewalks.

scholarly journals Konsep bentuk kujang sebagai salah satu identitas eksistensi budaya Sunda dalam perencanaan taman di Kota Bogor

2018 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Daisy Radnawati ◽  
Yusi Febriani ◽  
Eli Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Park Planning ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Community Associations ◽  
Sports Venues

Kujang form concept as an identity of Sundanese culture existence in Bogor urban park planning. City Park is a public space where people gather and do various activities in it. There are several functions of urban parks such as community associations, sports venues, environmental education, health promotion and aesthetic value. Some of the city parks in Bogor are Malabar Park, and Empang Park which is surrounded by residential areas and is mainly used as a sports vessel. Contrary to its function, the activity has not been supported by facilities that can provide user comfort and security. The problems seen in the existing condition of the park in Bogor are generally very bad and unkempt, some of the park has no recreational facilities or other supporting facilities that can be used by the public, has no strong character or identity, and has not connected between parks (connecting park). Researchers collect data through direct observation at the research site. Researchers looked at the entire site including physical aspects (accessibility, entrance, circulation path, road dimension, climatology), biophysical (vegetation and wildlife) aspects, and socio-cultural aspects (park visitor behavior). Observations are used by researchers as additional information in the study. Field survey in this research can be obtained by observation, interview and documentation. The concept of connecting park is applied to provide connectivity between parks that have an identity and can present the elements and appropriate park facilities so as to provide satisfaction, pleasure, comfort, and security to the user. Kujang as traditional weapon of Sundanese applied as the form and design concept of the parks.

scholarly journals Urban Densification of Large Housing Estates in the Context of Privatisation of Public Open Space: the Case of Imanta, Riga

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Sandra Treija ◽  
Uģis Bratuškins ◽  
Alisa Koroļova
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
New Development ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
City Model ◽  
Housing Estates

Abstract Urban regeneration with a view to efficient use of urban areas has been a strategy for urban development for decades. Densification is used as a planning approach to promote the implementation of the compact city model and to discourage urban sprawl. The central parts of the city are usually of high density, so the areas outside the city’s historic centre are seen as potential sites for urban densification. In many European cities large-scale residential areas built after the Second World War occupy a significant part of the territory outside of the city’s historic centres. Today, these housing areas are in most cases sleeping areas with great potential for development. Densification of urban areas outside of urban nuclei is not an easy task, and deals with a whole series of challenges. The paper examines the existing approaches focused on densification in large housing estates. In order to define the typical challenges of this process, the examples of infill developments in large housing area Imanta in Riga are analysed. The analysis of infill development in Imanta showed four possible approaches. Some approaches contribute to the improvement of public space for neighbourhood inhabitants in general, still some approaches tend to isolate the new development and inhabitants from the surrounding territory.

scholarly journals The Role of the Visual Aesthetic Quality of Public Space in Appropriation Processes of Large-Scale Residential Areas = Lielmēroga dzīvojamo rajonu publiskās ārtelpas vizuāli estētiskās kvalitātes nozīme tās izmantošanas procesos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Agnese Kusmane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spatial Quality ◽  
The Impact

Agnese Kusmane's (Mg.art.) Doctoral thesis “The Role of the Visual Aesthetic Quality of Public Space in Appropriation Processes of Large-Scale Residential Areas” is based on the topicality of the theme: residents' dissatisfaction with the quality of public space in large-scale residential areas being one of the most important aspects of topicality. The aim of the work is to evaluate the impact of the visual aesthetic quality of public space on the intensity of its appropriation in large-scale residential areas and provide landscape and building architects with the methodological framework for the reconstruction of public spaces in these areas. In order to achieve the aim of the thesis, the following tasks have been carried out: environmental psychology findings on aesthetic quality evaluation connecting metric values, configurational components and space-forming elements have been compiled, creating Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space; brief overviews of the history and current state of large-scale residential areas in Riga and Berlin has been provided; a semi-structured interview method has been developed and applied for the study of spatial quality assessment of residents in three large-scale residential areas of Riga, amending the Matrix with data obtained through the semi-structured interviews; the relation between the intensity of public space appropriation and the landscape design and spatial organization in Berlin residential areas has been studied with the observation methods, controlling and refining the Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space; a method for measuring spatial quality based on the Matrix has been developed. Several methods have been used in the work, including the monographic, semi-structured interview, deduction, participatory observation. There are four chapters in the work. The first chapter analyses the literature dedicated to the research of spatial quality, its impact on the intensity of outdoor appropriation. Based on the findings of environmental psychology, a category-based initial version of the Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space is developed. The Matrix correlates the assessment of the visual aesthetic quality of the public space and the expected intensity of appropriation. The first chapter concludes with the development of methodological steps aimed at improving and refining the Matrix. The second chapter examines large-scale residential areas of Riga and Berlin from a historical and contemporary perspective. The demographic characteristics of the population are also considered. In the second chapter, it is concluded that residential areas of Riga and Berlin are compatible for studying the impact of public visual aesthetic quality on the intensity of its appropriation, and the data can be converted into the Matrix. In the third chapter, the assessment of public space quality is performed through the initial version of the Matrix, finding out which spatial categories are represented in large-scale residential areas in Riga and Berlin. Further, semi-structured interviews are conducted in residential areas of Riga on the relation between the aesthetic quality of public space and the expected intensity of appropriation, the interview data are included in the Matrix, improving it. At the end of the chapter, observations are carried out focused on relation between the visual aesthetic quality of public space and the intensity of appropriation in Berlin; the obtained data is integrated into the Matrix of Visual Aesthetic Quality of Space, specifying it. The fourth chapter discusses the findings of the work on the relationship between the assessment of the visual aesthetic quality of the public space and the intensity of its appropriation. At the beginning of the chapter, the relation between the metric values, configurational components and space-forming elements of different spatial categories included in the Matrix and the intensity of outdoor appropriation is analysed in detail. Further, the chapter discusses the role of the blue-green structure in the context of public space appropriation forecasting. The fourth chapter concludes with methodological recommendations for the application of the Matrix of Visual esthetic Quality of Space. The paper concludes that the intensity of outdoor appropriation can be most accurately predicted in outdoor areas dominated by blue-green structure. The thesis consists of 172 pages. The thesis includes 30 tables, 80 figures, 3 appendices and 372 sources.

scholarly journals Public Space Demand and Adaptive Behavior of Residents in Old Residential Area of Ancient City: Based on Qingyi Garden of Beirenyi Hutong in Kaifeng

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Shu Zhao ◽  
Zhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Insight Into

The majority of the literature on the transformation of cultural promotion space in old residential areas in the United States and abroad is written from the top-down perspective of God, such as architects, planners, developers, and even government officials, and only a few of them examine the designer’s work from the perspective of aborigines. To sample life and gain insight into human nature, find another means to be as near to the public as possible, listen to the voice of users, and conduct an in-depth examination of the freestyle works altered by the old residential districts through the “people’s architectural planner.”

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