Who’s in the House: Staffing in Long-Term Care Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract There is an absence of high-quality workforce data that could be used globally for comparative research on workforce planning in the residential long-term care (LTC) sector. We know that older adults residing in the LTC settings have multimorbidities resulting in complex care needs, yet the workforce is insufficiently able to meet their needs. A further reduction in LTC workforce was noted during the COVID-19 pandemic which increased the risk of adverse outcomes for residents. Survey results focused on the workforce in LTC homes collected from several countries during the current pandemic, highlighted that several members of the workforce were either absent or worked virtually (e.g., physicians, social workers). A better understanding of who is/or should be in the house to meet the needs of residents during or after future pandemics requires a workforce data system that routinely collects this information to ensure best quality outcomes for residents and their carers.

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A Comparative Analysis of Costs to Government for Home Care and Long-term Residential Care Services, Standardized for Client Care Needs

Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement ◽

10.3138/cja.26.suppl_1.149 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. 149-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marcus J. Hollander ◽

Neena L. Chappell

Keyword(s):

Home Care ◽

Residential Care ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Level Of Care ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Services ◽

Residential Long Term Care

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the results of analyses using administrative data from British Columbia for 10 years from fiscal 1987/1988 to 1996/1997, inclusive, to examine the comparative costs to government of long-term home care and residential care services. The analyses used administrative data for hospital care, physician care, drugs, and home care and residential long-term care. Direct comparisons for cost and utilization data were possible, as the same care-level classification system is used in BC for home care and residential care clients. Given significant changes in the type and/or level of care of clients over time, a full-time equivalent client strategy was used to maximize the accuracy of comparisons. The findings suggest that, in general, home care can be a lower-cost alternative to residential care for clients with similar care needs. The difference in costs between home care and residential care services narrows considerably for those who change their type and/or level of care, and home care was found to be more costly than long-term institutional care for home care clients who died. The findings from this study indicate that with the appropriate substitution for residential care services, in a planned and targeted manner, home care services can be a lower-cost alternative to residential long-term care in integrated systems of care delivery that include both sets of services.

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Underweight Mobility-Type Pre-Frailty/ Frailty Was Associated with Complex Care Needs of Long-Term Care Facilities Residents: Results Using MDS RAP Triggers

10.33879/amh.2019.1812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ming-Yueh Chou ◽

Hsiu-Chu Shen ◽

Li-Ning Peng ◽

Ying-Hsin Hsu ◽

Chih-Kuang Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Complex Care ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Complex Care Needs

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Adults: Group Care

Encyclopedia of Social Work ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.505 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Robin Bonifas

Keyword(s):

Family Involvement ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Psychosocial Care ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Group Settings ◽

Residential Long Term Care

This article presents information about group settings that provide residential long-term care for older adults, focusing on nursing homes and residential care/assisted living communities. It provides an overview of both settings and describes their scope of services, funding, and clientele. The section “Issues in Residential Long-Term Care” addresses issues of special relevance to social workers: dementia and other psychosocial care needs; quality of life and quality of care; access to and disparities in care; end-of-life care; family involvement; and abuse and neglect. The article ends with a section on the role of the social worker in residential long-term care.

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Health Literacy and Long-Term Care Needs among Thai Elderly in Rural Communities

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand ◽

10.35755/jmedassocthai.2020.12.11213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (12) ◽

pp. 1315-1324

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptom ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Study Results

Background: Factors related to long-term care needs have been studied widely, but there is limited research about the influence of health literacy on long-term care needs among the elderly in rural communities where the social context and care environment are uniquely different. Objective: To examine factors influencing long-term care needs among Thai elderly in rural communities. Materials and Methods: The present study used the cross-sectional design. The study sample included 477 elderly persons, who were members of the communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select participants. They were interviewed using the demographic and health information questionnaire, the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS), the health literacy scale of Thai adults and long-term care needs questionnaire. The selected factors examined as independent variables included some demographic factors, depressive symptom, and health literacy. Results: The present study results revealed significant positive relationships existing between long-term care needs with age and depressive symptom, while negative relationships between income and health literacy were reported. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that four of nine determinants of long-term care needs: age, depressive symptom, health knowledge and understanding, and ability managing their health condition significantly predicted long-term care needs at a level of 18% (R² adjusted=0.18, p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study results showed associations between personal and health literacy factors with long-term care needs. These findings prove that it is vitally important for healthcare professionals to consider the rural elderly’s mental health status and health literacy when providing care and planning treatment. Keywords: Health literacy, Long-term care needs, Rural community

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Socioeconomic Status and Long-Term Care Provision to Parents in Japan

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 725-725

Author(s):

Yoko Ibuka ◽

Yui Ohtsu

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Living Condition ◽

Care Provision ◽

Burden Of Care ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Japanese Adults ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Socioeconomic status (SES) is generating considerable interest in terms of health of individuals, but how it is associated with long-term care has not been established yet. We study the relationship between SES and long-term care provision to parents among the Japanese adults using JSTAR. We use the following six measures of SES for the analysis: income, asset, expenditure, living condition, housing condition and education. We find a greater probability of care provision to parents among those in higher SES categories for some SES measures, compared to the lowest category. However, after considering the survival probability of parents, the relationship is reversed and the probability of care provision is found to be greater among lower SES individuals. The association is more pronounced among males. The association is likely to be partly mediated by care needs of parents. These results suggest a higher burden of care disproportionately falls in low SES individuals.

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Evidence for Publicly Reported Quality Indicators in Residential Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 181-181

Author(s):

Franziska Zúñiga ◽

Magdalena Osinska ◽

Franziska Zuniga

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Public Reporting ◽

Assessment Instrument ◽

Term Care ◽

Data Set ◽

Residential Long Term Care

Abstract Quality indicators (QIs) are used internationally to measure, compare and improve quality in residential long-term care. Public reporting of such indicators allows transparency and motivates local quality improvement initiatives. However, little is known about the quality of QIs. In a systematic literature review, we assessed which countries publicly report health-related QIs, whether stakeholders were involved in their development and the evidence concerning their validity and reliability. Most information was found in grey literature, with nine countries (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and five countries in Europe) publicly reporting a total of 66 QIs in areas like mobility, falls, pressure ulcers, continence, pain, weight loss, and physical restraint. While USA, Canada and New Zealand work with QIs from the Resident Assessment Instrument – Minimal Data Set (RAI-MDS), the other countries developed their own QIs. All countries involved stakeholders in some phase of the QI development. However, we only found reports from Canada and Australia on both, the criteria judged (e.g. relevance, influenceability), and the results of structured stakeholder surveys. Interrater reliability was measured for some RAI QIs and for those used in Germany, showing overall good Kappa values (>0.6) except for QIs concerning mobility, falls and urinary tract infection. Validity measures were only found for RAI QIs and were mostly moderate. Although a number of QIs are publicly reported and used for comparison and policy decisions, available evidence is still limited. We need broader and accessible evidence for a responsible use of QIs in public reporting.

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Challenges in Research and Practice in Residential Long-Term Care

Journal of Nursing Scholarship ◽

10.1111/jnu.12270 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 3-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mieke Deschodt ◽

Franziska Zúñiga ◽

Nathalie I.H. Wellens

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Term Care ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Residential Long Term Care

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“Then They Trust You …”

NEW SOLUTIONS A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy ◽

10.1177/1048291117712544 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 225-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marsha Love ◽

Felipe Tendick-Matesanz ◽

Jane Thomason ◽

Davine Carter ◽

Myra Glassman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Care ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Team Members ◽

Physical Independence ◽

Care Workers ◽

Communications Skills ◽

Home Care Workers

The home care workforce, already at 2.7 million caregivers, will become the nation’s fastest growing occupation by 2024 as the senior boom generation accelerates the demand for in home services to meet its long-term care needs. The physically challenging work of assisting clients with intimate, essential acts of daily living places home care workers (HCWs) at risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs); yet, HCWs typically receive little formal job training and may lack appropriate assistive devices. In this qualitative pilot study, HCW focus groups described workplace MSD risk factors and identified problem-solving strategies to improve ergonomic conditions. The results revealed that HCWs rely on their behavioral insights, self-styled communications skills and caring demeanor to navigate MSD risks to themselves and increase clients’ physical independence of movement. We suggest changes in employer and government policies to acknowledge HCWs as valued team members in long-term care and to enhance their effectiveness as caregivers.

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