Macro and Micro Foundations for Technology Upgrading and Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-228
Author(s):  
André Cherubini Alves ◽  
Nicholas S. Vonortas ◽  
Paulo Antônio Zawislak
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Capability Building ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Technology Upgrading ◽  
Micro Foundations

Technological upgrading and innovation is necessary for long-term economic development. Nonetheless, creating the conditions that allow technological upgrading and innovation to occur is far from simple, especially for developing economies. While policymaking may create important macro- and meso-incentives for economic agents, it is at the micro-level that policy effectiveness can truly be verified. In this chapter we analyze the recent development of the Brazilian shipbuilding sector where an entire institutional setting was put in place to boost technological and industrial development. We investigate the policies and results by contrasting the macro-, the meso- and the micro-perspectives. Though policies put in place gave an initial boost to the sector, coordination uncertainties and critical bottlenecks at the micro-level generated high capability building costs that precipitated the subsequent failure of the shipbuilding industry to catch up and to upgrade sufficiently in order to really become internationally competitive.

Technology Upgrading and Economic Catch-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jeong-Dong Lee ◽  
Keun Lee ◽  
Dirk Meissner ◽  
Slavo Radosevic ◽  
Nicholas S. Vonortas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Capability Building ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Capability Upgrading ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technology Upgrading

This chapter begins with a brief overview of the current literature on economic growth and innovation, and the process of technology upgrading. It defines the key concepts that will be used throughout the book and sets the stage for the challenges and issues around economic growth that will be addressed in later chapters. It then outlines the contribution of each chapter and the Schumpeterian or neo-Schumpeterian perspective in which they’re framed, and the four major themes that run throughout the book: the relationship between technology capability and economic growth from new methodological angles, including the middle-income trap; technology capability upgrading from structural, sectoral, and micro-level perspectives; the emerging paradigm of technology capability upgrading which is about sustainability, green growth, inclusiveness, and socio-economic and political determinants of technology capability building; and the several dimensions of innovation policy which reflect a state of transition or changing policy philosophies.

scholarly journals Financing Industrial Development in Korea and Implications For Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 548-570
Author(s):  
Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Digital Tv ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Capability Building ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This chapter examines the implications of Korea’s industrial policy and financing for African economies that are trying to build their industrial bases. It considers industrial policy as essentially building the capabilities of private firms to sustain long-term economic growth and looks at the role of the government or industrial policy in this process of capability building. The chapter first provides an overview of the financial systems and industrial policy in Korea, focusing on the nature of financial control by the government and the roles and evolution of key development banks such as the Korea Development Bank. It then discusses three episodes of industrial policy and financing in these cases involving POSCO, targeted development of bottleneck technologies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and leapfrogging into digital TV since the mid-1990s. Finally, it assesses the significance of the Korean experience for Africa, especially with regards to export manufacturing and resource-based development.

Assessment of Potential and Interrelation of Economic and Industrial Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Анна Животовская ◽  
Anna Zhivotovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the indicator of development of the country – macroconstant of the country's development, calculated on the basis of gross domestic product per employed person, as well as the mesoconstant of industrial development, calculated on the basis of gross value added per employed person in the industry, which can be used as target indicators of development, as well as for the long-term forecast of development on macro-and meso levels. The article analyzes the relationship between industry and the economy - the absolute specific growth of GDP and GVA in industry, estimated the coefficients of the relationship between observations of the same period, tested the presence of delayed effect. To assess the relationship between industry and the economy, the annual data of the following countries were analyzed: Russia and four countries from the G7 group: the USA, Germany, France, the United Kingdom for the period 1991-2017. In the framework of macro-planning, the calculated values can be used as a benchmark at the meso- and micro-level.

Mission-Oriented Policy for Innovation and the Fuzzy Boundary of Market Creation: the Brazilian Shipbuilding Case

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André C Alves ◽  
Nicholas S Vonortas ◽  
Paulo A Zawislak
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Market Creation ◽  
Capability Building ◽  
Fuzzy Boundary ◽  
Do So

Abstract Recent literature has called attention to the significance of mission-oriented policies (MOPs) in setting the directions of change, market creation, and economic development. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss the main challenges of setting MOPs in the context of developing countries. We do so by looking at the recent development of the Brazilian shipbuilding sector where an entire institutional setting was put in place to boost technological and industrial development. We investigate the policies set for the sector to create a market, stimulate the industry, and promote innovation. Results show that, while the set of policies emplaced was able to give an initial boost in the sector, coordination uncertainties and high capability-building costs precipitated the failure of the industry to catchup with international competitors. We argue that there is a fuzzy boundary between policy expectations for market creation and the actual possibilities of building an industry.

Is inflation targeting useful for economic growth?

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kartaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Potential Channels

The paper presents an overview of studies of the effects of inflation targeting on long-term economic growth. We analyze the potential channels of influence, as well as modern empirical studies that test performance of these channels. We compare the effects of different variants of inflation targeting (strict and mixed). Based on the analysis recommendations on the choice of optimal (in terms of stimulating long-term growth) regime of monetary policy in developed and developing economies are formulated.

Prospects for matching strategic directions of the intergraphic development of the Economic Union and the Economic belt of the Silk road

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
V. Zubenko ◽  
A. Massalimova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Industrial Cooperation ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Title One ◽  
The Silk Road

The accelerated economic development of China in recent decades has allowed it to accumulate the potential to multiply its influence in Eurasia and initiate a number of ambitious political and economic projects designed for the long term. The most important of these are the concepts of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st Century Marine Silk Road (UWB), put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping in autumn 2013 and subsequently combined under the title "One Belt — one way" as the strategy of China’s foreign economic policy, at least until 2022. Another factor behind the emergence of the SREB concept is the change in China’s foreign economic paradigm and its transition from a country attracting foreign direct investment to a donor country. Therefore, industrial cooperation is an important part of the SREB. In the negotiations of the EAEU countries with China on the integration of the EAEU and the SREB, it is necessary to take into account the interests of the industrial development of the EAEU countries, as well as the possible economic, political, operational and environmental risks that the process of interfacing with the SREB entails. It is necessary that the industrial cooperation of the EAEU countries and China be based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit.

Strategies and Outcomes in the Two Sectors of the Japanese Shipbuilding Industry

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Philip C. Koenig ◽  
Hitoshi Narita ◽  
Koichi Baba
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Two Sectors

The Japanese ocean-going shipbuilding industry has evolved into two distinct sectors and today's second tier or medium-sized firms build close to half the nation's output of large ocean-going vessels. Many vessels recently delivered by the major and the medium-sized shipbuilders are of similar size and complexity. However, the medium-sized shipbuilding companies of Japan differ considerably from the majors in business strategy and corporate structure. To date, studies published in English on the Japanese shipbuilding industry have focused mainly on the seven major firms. In this paper Japan's medium-sized shipbuilders are introduced. Their competitive environment, operations, and strategies are compared with those of the seven major firms. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the major and medium-sized shipbuilders are considered and the role of technological development in the long-term prospects of both is discussed.

scholarly journals The Buchanan report and its aftermath: Implications for Irish regional planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Proinnsias Breathnach
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Growth Centres

AbstractThe so-called Buchanan report, commissioned by the Irish government and published in May 1969, comprised a set of proposals for regional industrial development in Ireland over the period 1966–86. The main thrust of the report was the concentration of the great bulk of new industrial employment creation in Dublin and eight proposed ‘growth centres’. The plan provided for the creation of powerful planning authorities to oversee development in the regions. The government rejected these proposals and opted instead to continue with the existing policy of widespread dispersal of new industry. While meeting with initial success, this policy proved unsustainable in the long term. The paper reviews the implications of the Buchanan report experience for the regional planning process in Ireland, arguing that failure to learn from this experience served to undermine the National Spatial Strategy, with a similar fate likely for the forthcoming National Planning Framework.

scholarly journals Sounds familiar(?): Expertise with specific musical genres modulates timing perception and micro-level synchronization to auditory stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Danielsen ◽  
Kristian Nymoen ◽  
Martin Torvik Langerød ◽  
Eirik Jacobsen ◽  
Mats Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Timing Perception ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
Perceptual Systems

AbstractMusical expertise improves the precision of timing perception and performance – but is this expertise generic, or is it tied to the specific style(s) and genre(s) of one’s musical training? We asked expert musicians from three musical genres (folk, jazz, and EDM/hip-hop) to align click tracks and tap in synchrony with genre-specific and genre-neutral sound stimuli to determine the perceptual center (“P-center”) and variability (“beat bin”) for each group of experts. We had three stimulus categories – Organic, Electronic, and Neutral sounds – each of which had a 2 × 2 design of the acoustic factors Attack (fast/slow) and Duration (short/long). We found significant effects of Genre expertise, and a significant interaction for both P-center and P-center variability: folk and jazz musicians synchronize to sounds typical of folk and jazz in a different manner than the EDM/hip-hop producers. The results show that expertise in a specific musical genre affects our low-level perceptions of sounds as well as their affordance(s) for joint action/synchronization. The study provides new insights into the effects of active long-term musical enculturation and skill acquisition on basic sensorimotor synchronization and timing perception, shedding light on the important question of how nature and nurture intersect in the development of our perceptual systems.

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