On the Development of a 3D Printer for Combinatorial Structural Composite Research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Bioinspired materials have enabled the fabrication of tough lightweight structures for load- and impact-bearing applications of which an example is fiber-reinforced plastics use in aerospace. If applied to the field of construction, biomimicked composites can save lives, otherwise lost to earthquakes and other disasters that cause collapse of buildings. The main culprit is the low resistance of structures exposed to dynamic shear stresses, typical of earthquakes. Recent work on the application of biomimicry to structural composites has clearly shown the advantage of these materials in resisting dynamic shear. Adding natural or synthetic reinforcement fibers may alleviate the need for conventional steel rebars and make it possible to print buildings by conventional 3D printing technology. The main hurdles are to find the right type of composite that is compatible with 3D printing and the right process for deposition of such material. In the past, combination of carbon fiber, glue and concrete has been demonstrated to enhance the toughness of resulting structural composites. Inspired by the microstructure of oyster and mother of pearl, layering of these materials mitigates the localization of deformation by distributing the imposed displacement over a large area. The intricate structure of these layers, and the minute details of the interfaces are important for affecting good dynamic shear resistance. In nacre, a partial slip of sandwiched layers occurs before it stops and deformation is transferred to the adjacent area. This energy-absorption capability underlies the high-toughness behavior of nacre and similar structures. By mimicking nacre, bone and tooth, it is possible to benefit from their good properties, however, it is important to determine the type of material, layering scheme, geometry, and other factors that affect mechanical properties. A recently-developed medium-sized 3D printer was developed to deposit structural materials. These include cement, plaster, polymer and clay. Combinatorial structural composite research (CSCR) comprising the simultaneous fabrication and characterization of multiple specimens with different microstructures allows fair comparison of mechanical properties of various structural composites. Novel application of deposition techniques to the extrusion of plaster, cement and clay paves the way to layer these materials along with glue and fibers in desired schemes. Use of ANOVA tables in the selection of various types of ceramics, polymers and reinforcement materials for the fabrication of different composites will be discussed. In addition to selection of the type of the materials, deposition schemes such as those of solid and hollow structures, different layer thickness applications, and the effect of timing will be elucidated. Microscopy conducted on the fractured surfaces enables the investigation of the mechanisms of fracture and failure for these CSCR composites. The details of experiments conducted, microscopy performed and the results of mechanical tests will be presented.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of structures produced by 3D printing from composite materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
František Bárnik ◽  
Milan Vaško ◽  
Milan Sága ◽  
Marián Handrik ◽  
Alžbeta Sapietová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
3D Printer

By 3D printing it is possible to create different structures with different fiber-laying directions. These structures can be created depending on the type of 3D printer and its software. The Mark Two printer allows printing Onyx, a material based on nylon in combination with microcarbon fibers. Onyx can be used alone or reinforced with kevlar, glass or carbon fibers. This article deals with 3D printing and evaluation of mechanical properties of printed samples.

A physical investigation of dimensional and mechanical characteristics of 3D printed nut and bolt for industrial applications

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chand ◽  
Vishal S. Sharma ◽  
Rajeev Trehan ◽  
Munish Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Machine Failure ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose A nut bolt joint is a primary device that connects mechanical components. The vibrations cause bolted joints to self-loosen. Created by motors and engines, leading to machine failure, and there may be severe safety issues. All the safety issues and self-loosen are directly and indirectly the functions of the accuracy and precision of the fabricated nut and bolt. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies now allow for the production of intricate components. These may be used technologies such as 3D printed bolts to create fasteners. This paper aims to investigate dimensional precision, surface properties, mechanical properties and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component fabricated using a multi-jet 3D printer. Design/methodology/approach Multi-jet-based 3D printed nut-bolt is evaluated in this paper. More specifically, liquid polymer-based nut-bolt is fabricated in sections 1, 2 and 3 of the base plate. Five nuts and bolts are fabricated in these three sections. Findings Dimensional inquiry (bolt dimension, general dimensions’ density and surface roughness) and mechanical testing (shear strength of nut and bolt) were carried out throughout the study. According to the ISO 2768 requirements for the General Tolerances Grade, the nut and bolt’s dimensional examination (variation in bolt dimension, general dimensions) is within the tolerance grades. As a result, the multi-jet 3D printing (MJP)-based 3D printer described above may be used for commercial production. In terms of mechanical qualities, when the component placement moves from Sections 1 to 3, the density of the manufactured part decreases by 0.292% (percent) and the shear strength of the nut and bolt decreases by 30%. According to the SEM examination, the density of the River markings, sharp edges, holes and sharp edges increased from Sections 1 to 3, which supports the findings mentioned above. Originality/value Hence, this work enlightens the aspects causing time lag during the 3D printing in MJP. It causes variation in the dimensional deviation, surface properties and mechanical properties of the fabricated part, which needs to be explored.

Novel Hybrid Composites Based on Carbon Foams

1992 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Hager ◽  
Max L. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Mesophase Pitch ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Fiber Placement ◽  
Carbon Foams ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Potential Alternative

ABSTRACTThe extraordinary mechanical properties of commercial carbon fiber are due to the unique graphitic morphology of the spun filaments. Contemporary advanced structural composites exploit these properties by creating a disconnected network of graphitic filaments held together by an appropriate matrix. Carbon foam derived from a blown mesophase pitch precursor can be considered to be an interconnected network of graphitic ligaments. As such interconnected networks, they represent a potential alternative reinforcing phase for structural composite materials. Based on this notion, consideration is given to novel forms of graphitic carbon and the processing routes to create hybrid composites, such as net shape fabrication and fiber placement processes.

scholarly journals Property Analysis of Photo-Polymerization-Type 3D-Printed Structures Based on Multi-Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8545
Author(s):  
So-Ree Hwang ◽  
Min-Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Photo Polymerization ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing, commonly called 3D printing, has been studied extensively because it can be used to fabricate complex structures; however, polymer-based 3D printing has limitations in terms of implementing certain functionalities, so it is limited in the production of conceptual prototypes. As such, polymer-based composites and multi-material 3D printing are being studied as alternatives. In this study, a DLP 3D printer capable of printing multiple composite materials was fabricated using a movable separator and structures with various properties were fabricated by selectively printing two composite materials. After the specimen was fabricated based on the ASTM, the basic mechanical properties of the structure were compared through a 3-point bending test and a ball rebound test. Through this, it was shown that structures with various mechanical properties can be fabricated using the proposed movable-separator-based DLP process. In addition, it was shown that this process can be used to fabricate anisotropic structures, whose properties vary depending on the direction of the force applied to the structure. By fabricating multi-joint grippers with varying levels of flexibility, it was shown that the proposed process can be applied in the fabrication of soft robots as well.

APPLICATION OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TECHNICAL SERVICE OF GARDEN EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
ALEKSEI S. DOROKHOV ◽  
◽  
ALEKSEI S. SVIRIDOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Sliding Bearings ◽  
Equipment Failures

The paper considers the analysis of the market for garden equipment. The authors consider some information on garden equipment failures, using an example of Husqvarna trimmers. They also assess a possibility of using additive technologies to manufacture sliding bearings for mechanical drives of garden equipment. For testing the physical and mechanical properties, a batch of samples was prepared by means of 3D printing using FDM (FFF) technology. According to the ASTM D638-14 standard, samples were prepared on a PICASO 3D Desingner X Pro 3D printer. Samples were made of ABS-plastic and PA12 with diff erent degrees of fi lling: 20, 50 and 100%. It is noted that the destruction pattern of samples made of diff erent materials is signifi cantly diff erent. Samples made from ABS plastics are more fragile than samples made from PA12. According to the test results, PA12 with 100% fi lling have shown the best results, which makes them suitable for use in the manufacture of slide bearings by means of 3D printing.

scholarly journals Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose E15: A Hydrophilic Polymer for Fabrication of Orodispersible Film Using Syringe Extrusion 3D Printer

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2666
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Panraksa ◽  
Suruk Udomsom ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Chuda Chittasupho ◽  
Warintorn Ruksiriwanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Drug Content

Extrusion-based 3D printing technology is a relatively new technique that has a potential for fabricating pharmaceutical products in various dosage forms. It offers many advantages over conventional manufacturing methods, including more accurate drug dosing, which is especially important for the drugs that require exact tailoring (e.g., narrow therapeutic index drugs). In this work, we have successfully fabricated phenytoin-loaded orodispersible films (ODFs) through a syringe extrusion 3D printing technique. Two different grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5 and HPMC E15) were used as the film-forming polymers, and glycerin and propylene glycol were used as plasticizers. The 3D-printed ODFs were physicochemically characterized and evaluated for their mechanical properties and in vitro disintegration time. Then, the optimum printed ODFs showing good mechanical properties and the fastest disintegration time were selected to evaluate their drug content and dissolution profiles. The results showed that phenytoin-loaded E15 ODFs demonstrated superior properties when compared to E5 films. It demonstrated a fast disintegration time in less than 5 s and rapidly dissolved and reached up to 80% of drug release within 10 min. In addition, it also exhibited drug content uniformity within United States Pharmacopeia (USP) acceptable range and exhibited good mechanical properties and flexibility with low puncture strength, low Young’s modulus and high elongation, which allows ease of handling and application. Furthermore, the HPMC E15 printing dispersions with suitable concentrations at 10% w/v exhibited a non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) pseudoplastic behavior along with good extrudability characteristics through the extrusion nozzle. Thus, HPMC E15 can be applied as a 3D printing polymer for a syringe extrusion 3D printer.

Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Biomimicked Composites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Allameh ◽  
Roger Miller ◽  
Hadi Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Home Building ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend

Additive manufacturing technology has significantly matured over the last two decades. Recent progress in 3D printing has made it an attractive choice for fabricating complex shapes out of select materials possessing desirable properties at small and large scales. The application of biomimetics to the fabrication of structural composites has been shown to enhance their toughness and dynamic shear resistance. Building homes from bioinspired composites is possible if the process is automated. This can be achieved through additive manufacturing where layers of hard and soft materials can be deposited by 3D printing. This study examines mechanical properties of reinforced concrete fabricated by 3D printing. Preliminary results of 4-point bend tests are presented and the implications of 3D-printed home building on current conventional construction practices are discussed.

scholarly journals Selection of 3D Printer for Innovation Centre of Academic Institution Based on AHP and TOPSIS Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1872-1880
Author(s):  
R. D. Rakhade
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Academic Institution ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: This paper describes a computer-based tool for the selection of 3D printer for educational propose by using Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) strategies particularly Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In education, 3D printing technologies facilitate improved learning, skills development, and increased student and teacher engagement with the subject matter. Furthermore, 3D printing sparks greater creativity and collaboration in solving problems, to settle on a best option for teaching learning process tasks into account. MADM methods are interpretative processes which are well suited in choice of different 3D printers. This work suggests AHP and TOPSIS to judge 3D printer alternatives for choice of method, based on the AHP and TOPSIS methodology, ranks available techniques by a score resulting from the composition of priorities at different levels, each considering homogeneous and independent evaluation criteria. In this work proposes a comprehensive list of key factors that have a significant influence on 3D printer selection. In this work type of material used for printing considered as common for all printers such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), PET or Polyethylene terephthalate etc. A total of 09 sub-criteria have been identified and grouped under three main criteria, namely, (i) Physical Characteristics (ii) Economic consideration, (iii) Operational Requirements. These entire criteria area unit extracted from on-line literature and skilled opinion. Result of study shows that 3D Printer one (ET4 PRO 3IDEA model) was designated because the best suited for Innovation Centre Academic Institution. Keywords: 3D printer, MADM method, AHP method, TOPSIS method, Innovation Centre, Academic Institution

scholarly journals Investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials obtained using additive technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Solovei ◽  
Vitalii Oleksyshen V.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
The Creation

The prevalence of polymers in all spheres of human life necessitates the creation of new more effective composite materials based on polymer matrices and reinforcing fillers, which by their characteristics meet the growing needs of society. In modern industry, production speeds are constantly increasing, so additive technologies are becoming a powerful alternative to traditional single and small-scale production. Among the existing types of additive technologies, the method of fused deposition modeling (FDM) deserves special attention, which provides an opportunity to organize production in conditions of limited material, time and human resources. As opposite to traditional production technologies, such as injection molding, FDM allows you to create products of more complex geometric shapes, using different combinations of polymer matrices and reinforcing fillers and thus create composite materials with the required physico-mechanical, rheological and other properties. At the same time, the main advantages of FDM also cause a number of serious disadvantages, such as anisotropy of the properties of finished products, printing defects that lead to increased yields of defective products, uneven physical and mechanical properties etc. In particular, the anisotropy of the properties of FDM-printed products results in significantly lower strength of the parts in the transverse direction to the 3D printing direction (strand overlay direction) compared to the longitudinal one, and the discontinuity of the reinforcing fibers in the strands of polymeric material leads to reduced strength. The main areas of research to modernize the process of manufacturing products on a 3D printer using the FDM method are: modernization of components and structures of 3D printers to improve the melting process and layering of materials, aimed at improving print quality and speed, as well as reducing defective yield products; improving the properties of raw materials and creating composite materials to improve the quality of finished products and their characteristics, such as electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, environmental, etc .; development of new biopolymers, technologies of their production and use for 3D-printing, which in the future are planned to be used in the creation of bionic parts of human bodies, etc. To overcome the main shortcomings of FDM technology, it is proposed to modernize the method of 3D printing and the extruder unit of the 3D printer, which allows to create composite materials directly (directly in the extruder), using different combinations of polymer matrices and solid reinforcing fibers.

Recent Designs on Resin Containers of Photocuring 3D Printer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Xie ◽  
Xuhui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Additive Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Photocuring 3D printing is a highly efficient additive manufacturing technology for machining complex object geometries. Resin container, a core component of photocuring 3D printer, plays a significant role in solving the problems about resin supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure during the curing process. Thus, the resin container has been paid more and more attention to optimize the curing process Objective: To offer some new designs of resin container which contribute to solve problems about resin supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure. Provide the reader with a new idea that the function of resin containers cannot be ignored during 3d printing. Moreover, stimulate the reader's thoughts about how can designs of resin containers be further improved Methods: This paper sketches out the strengths and weaknesses of these designs of resin containers with a more critical eye. And show their similarities and differences in a more concise form. Results: The strengths and weaknesses of these designs of resin containers in photocuring 3D printing are summarized. There is no doubt that a suitable resin container contributes to solve the problems about resin supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure. It helps to stimulate the reader's thoughts on the selection of resin containers for printing optimization Conclusion: Researchers should pay more attention to the new designs of resin containers which are easy to be ignored but have great significance. Some new resin containers will be invented to solve problems about resin supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure during the curing process

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