Emotion Recognition Robust to Indoor Environmental Distortions and Non-targeted Emotions Using Out-of-distribution Detection

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ye Gao ◽  
Asif Salekin ◽  
Kristina Gordon ◽  
Karen Rose ◽  
Hongning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Fixed Set

The rapid development of machine learning on acoustic signal processing has resulted in many solutions for detecting emotions from speech. Early works were developed for clean and acted speech and for a fixed set of emotions. Importantly, the datasets and solutions assumed that a person only exhibited one of these emotions. More recent work has continually been adding realism to emotion detection by considering issues such as reverberation, de-amplification, and background noise, but often considering one dataset at a time, and also assuming all emotions are accounted for in the model. We significantly improve realistic considerations for emotion detection by (i) more comprehensively assessing different situations by combining the five common publicly available datasets as one and enhancing the new dataset with data augmentation that considers reverberation and de-amplification, (ii) incorporating 11 typical home noises into the acoustics, and (iii) considering that in real situations a person may be exhibiting many emotions that are not currently of interest and they should not have to fit into a pre-fixed category nor be improperly labeled. Our novel solution combines CNN with out-of-data distribution detection. Our solution increases the situations where emotions can be effectively detected and outperforms a state-of-the-art baseline.

scholarly journals Applications of Machine Learning in Ambulatory ECG

Hearts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-494
Author(s):  
Joel Xue ◽  
Long Yu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ambulatory Ecg ◽  
Event Prediction ◽  
The People ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Beat Detection ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning

The ambulatory ECG (AECG) is an important diagnostic tool for many heart electrophysiology-related cases. AECG covers a wide spectrum of devices and applications. At the core of these devices and applications are the algorithms responsible for signal conditioning, ECG beat detection and classification, and event detections. Over the years, there has been huge progress for algorithm development and implementation thanks to great efforts by researchers, engineers, and physicians, alongside the rapid development of electronics and signal processing, especially machine learning (ML). The current efforts and progress in machine learning fields are unprecedented, and many of these ML algorithms have also been successfully applied to AECG applications. This review covers some key AECG applications of ML algorithms. However, instead of doing a general review of ML algorithms, we are focusing on the central tasks of AECG and discussing what ML can bring to solve the key challenges AECG is facing. The center tasks of AECG signal processing listed in the review include signal preprocessing, beat detection and classification, event detection, and event prediction. Each AECG device/system might have different portions and forms of those signal components depending on its application and the target, but these are the topics most relevant and of greatest concern to the people working in this area.

scholarly journals Identity Recognition Using Biological Electroencephalogram Sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Mingdong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Wave Signal ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Characteristic Extraction ◽  
Critical Issues

Brain wave signal is a bioelectric phenomenon reflecting activities in human brain. In this paper, we firstly introduce brain wave-based identity recognition techniques and the state-of-the-art work. We then analyze important features of brain wave and present challenges confronted by its applications. Further, we evaluate the security and practicality of using brain wave in identity recognition and anticounterfeiting authentication and describe use cases of several machine learning methods in brain wave signal processing. Afterwards, we survey the critical issues of characteristic extraction, classification, and selection involved in brain wave signal processing. Finally, we propose several brain wave-based identity recognition techniques for further studies and conclude this paper.

scholarly journals Improving Machine-Learning Diagnostics with Model-Based Data Augmentation Showcased for a Transformer Fault

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6816
Author(s):  
Jannis N. Kahlen ◽  
Michael Andres ◽  
Albert Moser
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Abnormal Condition

Machine-learning diagnostic systems are widely used to detect abnormal conditions in electrical equipment. Training robust and accurate diagnostic systems is challenging because only small databases of abnormal-condition data are available. However, the performance of the diagnostic systems depends on the quantity and quality of the data. The training database can be augmented utilizing data augmentation techniques that generate synthetic data to improve diagnostic performance. However, existing data augmentation techniques are generic methods that do not include additional information in the synthetic data. In this paper, we develop a model-based data augmentation technique integrating computer-implementable electromechanical models. Synthetic normal- and abnormal-condition data are generated with an electromechanical model and a stochastic parameter value sampling method. The model-based data augmentation is showcased to detect an abnormal condition of a distribution transformer. First, the synthetic data are compared with the measurements to verify the synthetic data. Then, ML-based diagnostic systems are created using model-based data augmentation and are compared with state-of-the-art diagnostic systems. It is shown that using the model-based data augmentation results in an improved accuracy compared to state-of-the-art diagnostic systems. This holds especially true when only a small abnormal-condition database is available.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING IN BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 977-994
Author(s):  
Josmy Mathew ◽  
◽  
Dr. N. Srinivasan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Deep Learning is an area of machine learning which, because of its capability to handle a large quantity of data, has demonstrated amazing achievements in each field, notably in biomedicine. Its potential and abilities were evaluated and utilised with an effective prognosis in the identification of brain tumours with MRI pictures. The diagnosis of MRI images by computer-aided brain tumours includes tumour identification, segmentation and classification. Many types of research have concentrated in recent years on conventional or basic machine learning approaches in the detection of brain tumours. Throughout this overview, we offer a comprehensive assessment of the surveys that have been reported so far and the current approaches for detecting tumours. Our review examines the major processes in deep learning approaches for detecting brain tumours including preprocessing, extraction of features and classification and their performance and limitations. We also explore state-of-the-art neural network models to identify brain tumours through extensive trials with and without data augmentation. This review also discusses existing data sets for brain tumour detection assessments.

scholarly journals MeshCut data augmentation for deep learning in computer vision

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243613
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Miao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Learning In Computer Vision

To solve overfitting in machine learning, we propose a novel data augmentation method called MeshCut, which uses a mesh-like mask to segment the whole image to achieve more partial diversified information. In our experiments, this strategy outperformed the existing augmentation strategies and achieved state-of-the-art results in a variety of computer vision tasks. MeshCut is also an easy-to-implement strategy that can efficiently improve the performance of the existing convolutional neural network models by a good margin without careful hand-tuning. The performance of such a strategy can be further improved by incorporating it into other augmentation strategies, which can make MeshCut a promising baseline strategy for future data augmentation algorithms.

scholarly journals A Study on Speech Emotion Recognitions on Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmuk Srinivas Amiripalli ◽  
Potnuru Likhitha ◽  
Sisankita Patnaik ◽  
Suresh Babu K ◽  
Rampay Venkatarao
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Sound Files

Speech emotion detection has been extremely relevant in today’s digital culture in recent years. RAVDESS, TESS, and SAVEE Datasets were used to train the model in our project. To determine the precision of each algorithm with each dataset, we looked at ten separate Machine Learning Algorithms. Following that, we cleaned the datasets by using the mask feature to eliminate unnecessary background noise, and then we applied all 10 algorithms to this clean speech dataset to improve accuracy. Then we look at the accuracies of all ten algorithms and see which one is the greatest. Finally, by using the algorithm, we could calculate the number of sound files correlated with each of the emotions described in those datasets.

Mind wandering as data augmentation: How mental travel supports abstraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe Faber
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Important Addition

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.

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