27. The Origins of National Technological Advantage

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Keyword(s):  
Technological Advantage

On the Problem of “Two-Phase” Activated Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Szetela
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
In Series ◽  
State Models ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Steady-state models are presented to describe the wastewater treatment process in two activated sludge systems. One of these makes use of a single complete-mix reactor; the other one involves two complete-mix reactors arranged in series. The in-series system is equivalent to what is known as the “two-phase” activated sludge, a concept which is now being launched throughout Poland in conjunction with the PROMLECZ technology under implementation. Analysis of the mathematical models has revealed the following: (1) treatment efficiency, excess sludge production, energy consumption, and the degree of sludge stabilization are identical in the two systems; (2) there exists a technological equivalence of “two-phase” sludge with “single-phase” sludge; (3) the “two-phase” system has no technological advantage over the “single-phase” system.

DOES TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION SPUR HIGH-TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL QUANTILE REGRESSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
SIDHESWAR PANDA ◽  
RUCHI SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Technological Specialization

In view of the technological advances made by emerging economies, we revisit the role of technological specializations of different economies in determining their exports. Employing revealed technological advantage (RTA) index and revealed symmetric technological advantage (RSTA) index, this study explores the technological specialization of countries in different fields and its contribution to high-technology exports. Technological specializations are operationalized using patent data and further analyzed in context of country’s exports data of 63 countries during 2000–2013. Using panel quantile regressions analysis, this paper finds that technological specialization determines the export performance of countries in different categories. We find that middle-income countries are among the top countries with respect to few fields of technological specializations. Hence, there is a need to change the perspective whereby developing countries are viewed as mere technological follower. This finding has an implication for the role of patents in technological specialization and export performance, both of which are important factors in international competitiveness.

scholarly journals Methodology for estimating the specific fuel consumption of a two-circuit turbojet engine

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
V. I. Kuznetsov ◽  
D. D. Shpakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Technological Advantage

A technique was developed for determining the minimum specific fuel consumption of a two-circuit turbojet engine using statistical data on the polytropic efficiency of individual compressor and turbine stages. The proposed method allows the presence of a technological advantage in specific fuel consumption compared to similar engines to be identified at the initial stage of designing a two-circuit turbojet engine.

scholarly journals Applying Social Networks in the Management of Sustainable Tourist Destinations: An Analysis of Spanish Tourist Destinations

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Adolfo Elizondo Saltos ◽  
David Flores-Ruiz ◽  
María de la O Barroso González
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In this study, the presence and management of the social networks of 78 tourist destinations were analyzed for the development of sustainable tourism, with particular attention being paid to Spanish smart destinations. The variables for the empirical analysis were determined from a literature review, and it was concluded from a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and an analysis of variance, that although the presence of tourist destinations on the internet and on social networks was notable, their management was inadequate for the development of sustainable tourist destinations. It was shown that there is a direct relationship between the number of visitors at a tourist destination and its presence on social networks. However, our analyses found that this correlation was not related to social network management; a greater number of visitors were not related to the effective management of social networks. It was concluded that smart destinations, despite having a technological advantage, did not stand out for their presence and management on social networks. The manuscript ends with some recommendations for the future

The Role of Finance and Corporate Governance in National Systems of Innovation

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1461-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Tylecote
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Corporate Governance System ◽  
National Systems

Firms are central actors in innovation, and their actions are much affected by their corporate governance and the finance available. Thus a country's finance and corporate governance system is a key element of its national system of innovation. The technological regimes of sectors (and sub-sectors) vary in ways that affect the demands innovation makes on the financial and corporate governance system. Finance and corporate governance systems (FCGSs) vary among countries in their ability to meet these demands. By setting three dimensions of regime variation alongside the three corresponding dimensions of FCGS variation, patterns of relative and absolute technological advantage among economies can be largely explained — particularly when the focus is on nationality of firm rather than location of activity.

scholarly journals Characterisation of a thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS712

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Éva Erdei ◽  
Mónika Molnár ◽  
Gyöngyi Gyémánt ◽  
János Harangi ◽  
János Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Thermotolerant Yeast ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature

Fermentation at high temperature with application of thermotolerant microorganisms is a technological advantage in bioethanol production. Among the yeasts, K. marxianus has outstanding thermotolarance. The industrial application of the IMB3 strain occurs usually at 45C. The final aim of our project is the genetic modification of the K. marxianus CBS712 strain in order to achieve ethanol production at higher temperature than the currently applied. This requires the characterization of the CBS712 strain, with special attention to the determination of the temperature limit of its growth and the amount of the ethanol produced. The temperature limit of growth was 48C in YPD medium. Elevation of the temperature above 45C led to an exponential drop of the cell viability. Ethanol production was tested in shaking flasks, in MYFM medium, under oxigene limited conditions, applying variable concentrations of glucose (12–20%) and different temperatures (45–47 ºC). Preliminary results have revealed that the elevation of glucose concentration increased the amount of ethanol produced. The amount of ethanol (appr. 5%)+ produced at the highest glucose concentration was not different at the tested temperatures (45, 46 and 47 ºC). The observation indicates the potential in raising the thermotolerance of the strain. 

scholarly journals The Dual Stricture of the Israeli Economy: Is Technology the Solution?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Yaron Katz
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Israeli Arabs ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government

<p><em>The main concern of this research is the conflict between technology and society. It concentrates on the in the Israeli society, which is split in half: on the one hand it is in the information era, with highly advanced technology sector, while on the other hand it is still considered a developing country in terms of social development among large segments of society. The dual structure of the economy means that despite being known as the “Start-Up Nation”, Israel has one of the highest poverty rates with the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. The research argues that the problem is the dual structure: the nation is leading the world in technological development, but the services provided to its citizens are limited to the extent that poverty is high. The research further claims that the solution is technology: the technological advantage of Israel promoted its economy, which has grown more rapidly than most other advanced economies, after the government made a strategic decision to promote technology by providing financial support for in research and development. The rise in social and sectorial media allows the poorest parts of society—the Ultra-Orthodox and the Israeli-Arabs—to adopt technology and benefit from the leading role of the country in technological development and global competition. This means that while technology created the problem of dual structure—it also allows the segments of society that are considered poor and underdeveloped to use advanced media services within their communities.</em></p>

scholarly journals HEAD-ON COLLISIONS OF TWO SOLITARY WAVES WITH DIFFERENT AMPLITUDES USING IMAGING TECHNIQUES

2017 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Motohiko Umeyama
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Arbitrary Point ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Tracer ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The behavior of two unequal solitary waves during head-on collision was experimentally studied by optical and particle-tracer methods. Spatial surface profiles were measured using the particle mask correlation method and the image thresholding method, which detects the air–water boundary as a set of locally extreme luminance values. The measured surface displacement of the colliding wave was compared with the corresponding shape of a third-order perturbation approximation. In addition, to estimate the phase shift from the crest at an arbitrary point, the instantaneous surface variations were measured by two wave gauges. The kinetic features of the target and the oncoming and colliding waves were measured by a particle image velocimetry method. To solve the phase shift, we acquired the velocity fields of the colliding waves in a series of experiments and could show our technological advantage over others.

scholarly journals Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Bahar ◽  
Prithwiraj Choudhury ◽  
Hillel Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Technological Advantage
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