scholarly journals SPATIAL DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FOR PLANNING AND RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Peng Tey ◽  
Rozita Talha ◽  
Ezatul Nisha Abdul Rahman ◽  
Muhamad Fadzil Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Social Statistics ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Regional Imbalance

In Malaysia, spatial demographic studies are lacking due to data paucity. This exploratory study illustrates the relevance of spatial demographic data for development and business planning at the local level. Data for this study came from Malaysian population censuses, vital statistics reports and social statistics bulletins. Bivariate analyses were performed to present some examples of the potential use of spatial demographic data for more target-oriented planning. Data show that the population in several densely populated districts continues to grow rapidly. Hence, development planning should aim to forestall the exacer-bation of the regional imbalance. Localities with high birth rate and rapid population ageing must be prepared to cope with the changing demographic scenario. The wide variations in pupil-teacher ratio across districts indicate the need for resource reallocation. The under-reporting of births and deaths in the remote areas may result in misallocation of health and educational resources. Comparisons of indictors from different data sources demonstrate data inconsistency and deficiency. This study aims to present a strong case for collecting and disseminating small area statistics to enhance spatial demographic research for socio-economic development, infrastructural, regional and business planning.

scholarly journals Variations in the Health Conditions of 6 Chicago Community Areas: A Case for Local-Level Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami M. Shah ◽  
Steven Whitman ◽  
Abigail Silva
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Level Data

A Retrospective Comparison of American Women’s Spontaneous Conceptions and Gestational Surrogate Pregnancies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lahl ◽  
Kallie Fell ◽  
Kate Bassett ◽  
Frances Broghammer ◽  
Maggie Eastman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the retrospective pregnancy experiences of American women by comparing spontaneous pregnancies with gestational surrogate pregnancies. Methods: Data were collected via structured interviews following an approved survey tool utilizing an online video platform. In total, 97 interviews were conducted. Results: Demographic data was collected on age, ethnicity, primary language, country of birth, education, and income level. Data revealed that a woman was more likely to have a pregnancy that was high-risk during a surrogate pregnancy than a non-surrogate pregnancy, independent of maternal age or gravidity (OR 7.22, p<0.001). A surrogate pregnancy had 4 times higher odds of resulting in a c-section (p<0.001) as well as delivering at an earlier gestational age (p<0.001). Further, women were more likely to experience adverse effects, including postpartum depression, following delivery of a surrogate child than their own biological child (p<0.001). Finally, the rate of new post-surrogacy chronic health issues for non-Caucasian women was significantly higher than for Caucasians (p<0.001). Women reported using the payment they received for their surrogacy for basic needs. Almost half of the women reported using the money to pay bills or get out of debt.Conclusions: These results are among the first of their kind. This study reveals that surrogate health disparities exist and that there may be long-term complications after a surrogate pregnancy. This raises important social, economic, and ethical issues related to surrogacy which must be further explored. Future work will build on this study and help elucidate the circumstances and consequences surrounding this complex issue.

Legalization of Medical Cannabis and Site of Death: Evidence From National Vital Statistics Mortality Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110587
Author(s):  
Divya Bhagianadh ◽  
Kanika Arora
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Poor Outcomes

We examined whether Medical Marijuana Legislation (MML) was associated with site of death. Using state-level data (1992–2018) from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), we employed difference-in-differences method to compare changes in death rate among older adults at four sites—nursing home (NH), hospital, home, hospice/other—over time in states with and without MML. Heterogeneity analyses were conducted by timing of MML adoption, and by decedent characteristics. Results show a negative association between MML implementation and NH deaths. Among early adopters (states with weakly regulated programs) and decedents with musculoskeletal disorders, there was a positive association between MML implementation and hospital deaths, whereas among late adopters (states with “medicalized” programs), there was a positive association between MML implementation and hospice deaths. Decline in NH deaths may reflect increased likelihood of transfers due to threat of Federal enforcement, penalties for poor outcomes, and liability concerns. Future studies should examine these associations further.

Territorial Governance of EU Cross-Border Renewable Energy Cooperation: A Soluble or Turbulent Model in the Current Framework?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Melis Aras
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Cross Border

The energy transition in Europe requires not only the implementation of technological innovations to reduce carbon emissions but also the decentralised extension of these innovations throughout the continent, as demonstrated by the ‘Clean Energy for All Europeans’ package. However, decentralised energy generation, and specifically electricity generation, as it gives rise to new players and interactions, also requires a review of the energy planning process. In this sense, governance becomes the key concept for understanding the implementation of the energy transition in a territory. This is particularly visible in a cross-border setting, especially considering cross-border cooperation in the development of renewable energy sources (RES) provides the necessary elements to determine the criteria of local regulation between the different levels of governance. In light of the current legal framework in France, this paper presents the institutional framework of the multi-level governance of the RES development planning process. It concludes that it is quite conceivable for the rationales of governance at the local level (decentralisation) and the large-scale operation of a large interconnected network (Europeanisation) to coexist.

scholarly journals Primary schools and the amplification of social differences in child mental health: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Marryat ◽  
Lucy Thompson ◽  
Helen Minnis ◽  
Philip Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Additional Support

BackgroundThis paper examines socioeconomic inequalities in mental health at school entry and explores changes in these inequalities over the first 3 years of school.MethodsThe study utilises routinely collected mental health data from education records and demographic data at ages 4 and 7 years, along with administrative school-level data. The study was set in preschool establishments and schools in Glasgow City, Scotland. Data were available on 4011 children (59.4%)at age 4 years, and 3166 of these children were followed at age 7 years (46.9% of the population). The main outcome measure was the teacher-rated Goodman’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (4–16 version) at age 7 years, which measures social, emotional and behavioural difficulties.ResultsChildren living in the most deprived area had higher levels of mental health difficulties at age 4 years, compared with their most affluent counterparts (7.3%vs4.1% with abnormal range scores). There was a more than threefold widening of this disparity over time, so that by the age of 7 years, children from the most deprived area quintile had rates of difficulties 3.5 times higher than their more affluent peers. Children’s demographic backgrounds strongly predicted their age 7 scores, although schools appeared to make a significant contribution to mental health trajectories.ConclusionsAdditional support to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds at preschool and in early primary school may help narrow inequalities. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds started school with a higher prevalence of mental health difficulties, compared with their more advantaged peers, and this disparity widened markedly over the first 3 years of school.

scholarly journals Can Digitalization Help Deter Corruption in Africa?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmané Ouedraogo ◽  
Amadou Sy
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Use Of Internet

This paper studies the effect of digitalization on the perception of corruption and trust in tax officials in Africa. Using individual-level data from Afrobarometer surveys and several indices of digitalization, we find that an increase in digital adoption is associated with a reduction in the perception of corruption and an increase in trust in tax officials. Exploiting the exogeneous deployment of submarine cables at the local level, the paper provides evidence of a negative impact of the use of Internet on the perception of corruption. Yet, the paper shows that the dampening effect of digitalization on corruption is hindered in countries where the government has a pattern of intentionally shutting down the Internet, while countries that successfully promote information and communication technology (ICT) enjoy a more amplified effect.

ORGANIZATION OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: COMBINATION OF INTEGRATED, SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Hanna OLEKSYUK ◽  
◽  
Stepan KUIBIDA ◽  
Nataliya LYSYAK ◽  
Nazariy POPADYNETS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Integrated Development

The complex spatial and economic planning of development of territorial communities on the conditions of their combination which will promote effective management of territories and ensure integrated sustainable development of territories for the future generations is investigated. The peculiarities of the legislation on new provisions of spatial and economic planning of territorial communities are covered, the main approaches to the development of the Comprehensive Spatial Development Plan of the Territory of Territorial Community, the Concept of Integrated Development of the Territorial Community and the Territorial Community Development Strategy are compared. The scheme of connections of elements at formation of the specified Comprehensive Plan, Concept and Strategy is constructed. The legislative level acceptance of the provisions on joint approaches to the formation of key documents of spatial and economic planning of territorial communities, the unity of land management documentation and urban planning documentation at the local level is established. It is shown that the Concept of Integrated Development of the Territorial Community is the basis and a certain “bridge” for combining the principles and indicators in the formation of the Comprehensive Spatial Development Plan of the Territory of Territorial Community and the Territorial Community Development Strategy. The formation of the Concept is proposed to be carried out on the basis of preliminary conceptual and structural modeling of endogenous potential of territorial communities that will establish the features of the existing potential by its elements (natural resources, production and infrastructure, labor, socio-cultural, etc.) that have a place in each community depending on its specific and general characteristics. It is proved that the modeling of the potential of territorial communities is carried out on the basis of establishing, integrating, uniting, combining, interpenetrating of connections and dependencies in the present time and their interpretation (design, transfer) to the appropriate time perspective (five, ten and more years).

scholarly journals Power, pork and patronage: Decentralisation and the politicisation of the development budget in Papua New Guinea

1970 ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Allen ◽  
Zahid Hasnain
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
State Development ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
History Of

This paper examines a number of recent empirical studies of local-level decision-making in relation to development planning and, especially, the allocation of state development funds in Papua New Guinea. The discussion is framed by the extensive theoretical and Papua New Guinea literature on patronage politics and political culture, by the recent history of decentralisation reforms, and by the frequently articulated, but largely anecdotal, observations about the functioning of district and local-level governance processes.In contrast to the anecdotal vision of widespread and chronic dysfunctionality, the studies considered here paint a picture of considerable spatial and regional variation. We offer some tentative hypotheses to explain this variation, while flagging the need for more empirical work. We outline how these preliminary findings have informed a program of research that is currently being undertaken at the district and local government levels with a view to gaining a better understanding of the extent and nature of spatial variation in the local-level governance of state development funds in Papua New Guinea.

Local Labor Market Inequality in the Age of Mass Incarceration

2020 ◽  
pp. 003464462096602
Author(s):  
Luke Petach ◽  
Anita Alves Pena
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Incarceration Rate ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Level Data ◽  
White Poverty

We contend that the rise of mass incarceration in the United States can be framed through the lens of stratification economics, which views race- and class-based discrimination as a rational attempt on behalf of privileged groups to preserve their relative status and the material benefits which that status confers. Using the first (to our knowledge) local-level data set on incarceration rates by race, we explore the relationship between income inequality, poverty, and incarceration at the commuting zone level from 1950 to the present. Consistent with Michelle Alexander’s hypothesis that expansion of the penal system and the rise of “tough on crime” policy were efforts by privileged groups to drive a wedge into working-class political coalitions formed out of the Civil Rights Movement, we find that labor markets with greater inequality experienced larger increases in the overall incarceration rate. Furthermore, we find that relative rates of poverty play a key role in explaining differential effects of mass incarceration across race. Areas where White poverty rates were large relative to non-White poverty rates experienced no significant change in White incarceration, but an expansion of non-White incarceration. These findings have implications for policies related to economic and judicial systems.

Demographic outcomes during colonisation: Migration and mortality among indigenous and non-indigenous populations in nineteenth-century Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-176
Author(s):  
Lotta Vikström ◽  
Emil Marklund ◽  
Glenn Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Level Data

Due to insufficient historical population data, there is limited knowledge about the demographic outcomes of colonisation. This study provides demographic evidence of the difficulties faced by the Sami – an indigenous population in Sweden – during nineteenth-century colonisation, as indicated by (1) high risks of migration and (2) low survival rates compared to non-Sami. The digitised parish registers of the Demographic Data Base (Umeå University) provide longitudinal, individual-level data on migration, mortality, and ethnic origin. Event history analysis reveals that the Sami were vulnerable, with a higher mortality rate than non-Sami, and that they were more prone to migrate from areas overcrowded due to an increased competition for land. However, regardless of ethnic origin, it was primarily the settlers who migrated, and who ran the lowest mortality risks. This result suggests a ‘healthy settler effect’, and diverse consequences of colonisation that did not always follow ethnic lines.

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