Risk-Taking Among Older Youth at the Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA

2022 ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Marie C. Jipguep-Akhtar ◽  
Denae Bradley ◽  
Tia Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Older Youth

scholarly journals Do mistakes acceptance foster innovation? Polish and US cross-country study of tacit knowledge sharing in IT

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioleta Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Learning Climate ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

Purpose This study aims to understand and compare how the mechanism of innovative processes in the information technology (IT) industry – the most innovative industry worldwide – is shaped in Poland and the USA in terms of tacit knowledge awareness and sharing driven by a culture of knowledge and learning, composed of a learning climate and mistake acceptance. Design/methodology/approach Study samples were drawn from the IT industry in Poland (n = 350) and the USA (n = 370) and analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Findings True learning derives from mistake acceptance. As a result of a risk-taking attitude and critical thinking, the IT industry in the USA is consistently innovation-oriented. Specifically, external innovations are highly correlated with internal innovations. Moreover, a knowledge culture supports a learning culture via a learning climate. A learning climate is an important facilitator for learning from mistakes. Originality/value This study revealed that a high level of mistake acceptance stimulates a risk-taking attitude that offers a high level of tacit knowledge awareness as a result of critical thinking, but critical thinking without readiness to take a risk is useless for tacit knowledge capturing.

Cultural Differentials Modify Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mambo G. Mupepi ◽  
Patience Taruwinga
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Organizational Vision ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Perceived Success ◽  
The Usa

A mixed research methodology was deployed to show that cultural differences and perceived risk-taking must be considered in charting competences in advancing household enterprises in the Southern African Development Communities and the USA. The consequences were that triumphant households were those that took cognizance of multiculturalism in assessing and measuring performance. Multiple Linear Regression analysis demonstrated that capacity must be customized to suit organizational vision and that the vital predictor of perceived success in the USA was performance orientation while uncertainty avoidance topped the list in the SADC. Results indicate that diversity was understood in all successful enterprises.

Randomised controlled trial of a sexual risk reduction intervention for STI prevention among men who have sex with men in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A Eaton ◽  
Seth C Kalichman ◽  
Moira O Kalichman ◽  
Daniel D Driffin ◽  
Robert Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Risk Reduction ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Risk Reduction Intervention ◽  
Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesNovel interventions to address sexual risk taking and slow rates of STIs are urgently needed, in particular among black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. Serosorting, or limiting condomless sex acts to partners of the same HIV status, is commonly practised among MSM, yet can lead to STI and remains largely unaddressed by public health agencies.MethodsA two-arm, randomised controlled trial was conducted from 2012 to 2015. This trial assessed the effects of a single-session, sexual partner selection and risk decision intervention (experimental arm) versus a single-session, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-based, sexual risk reduction intervention (control arm) on psychosocial measures, sexual risk taking and STI.ResultsAt study follow-ups, multiple beneficial changes were observed on sexual risk beliefs measures (ie, changes in serosorting and condom use beliefs, and HIV risk perceptions) and sexual risk taking among the experimental arm relative to the control arm. Overall main effects, however, of the intervention on STI outcomes on year-long follow-ups were non-significant. There was evidence for short-term effects on STI outcomes, and self-report of multiple STIs and STI symptoms demonstrated positive effects over the follow-up period.ConclusionsBrief interventions to address sexual risk taking can result in short-term beneficial outcomes and can be incorporated into currently existing infrastructure at healthcare agencies. Additional intervention will be necessary for demonstrating long-term results.Trial registration numberNCT02128594.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIOURS AND THE RISK OF DIVORCE IN THE USA

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAISHAN FU ◽  
NOREEN GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa

This study investigates the link between health-related variables and risks of divorce. The findings indicate that physical characteristics associated with poor health – namely, obesity and short stature – are not significantly related to risks of marital dissolution for either men or women. On the other hand, risk-taking behaviours – such as smoking and drug use – are strongly related to higher risks of divorce for both sexes. Overall, the results emphasize the need to accommodate health-related variables in the dominant economic and social psychological theories of marital dissolution.

Need for Achievement, Education, and Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouming Chen ◽  
Xuemei Su ◽  
Sibin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Need For Achievement ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Using Data

We examined which factors lead to entrepreneurial risk-taking behavior, using the 2 tests of entrepreneurial behavior theory (desirability and feasibility) to investigate how need for achievement and education interact to influence risk-taking propensity. Using data collected from 230 nascent entrepreneurs in a mid-western state in the USA, we tested 2 hypotheses and found empirical evidence to support the 2 tests theory. The results showed that entrepreneurs with high need for achievement and who had received higher education were more willing to take risks than were entrepreneurs with low need for achievement and who had not received higher education. Research implications and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Sovereign risk management: A rationalist explanation of Putin’s and Trump’s risk taking behavior and its consequences

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lehrbass
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Corporate Leaders ◽  
Negotiated Settlement ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
War Finance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Expected Utility Maximization ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Open Position

It goes without saying that nowadays corporate leaders should perform their activity within the concept of sustainable development. The United Nations detail on their homepage (sustainabledevelopment.un.org) what this means. But corporate leaders sometimes face headwind from their governments. Therefore it is important to understand the reasons for such governmental decision making. Two prominent cases are the presidents of the USA and Russia. Firstly, two seemingly unrelated topics of Russian politics are investigated. It is shown that under expected utility maximization the assumptions of an unbiased oil forward market and a risk-acceptant attitude (strictly convex utility function) of president Putin are sufficient to explain Russia’s open position in oil and the bailout of Rosneft. Secondly, actions of president Trump are considered. Again, a risk-acceptant attitude is able to explain his campaign and to conform with his statements. Thirdly, international negotiations over Ukraine between two risk-acceptant presidents are considered. It is proven that the chances for a negotiated settlement have shrunken with the election of Trump and might now even be nil. Fourthly, a tentative outlook on international economics (trade war), finance (regulation) and politics (climate action) is performed.

Stand-alone vs systemic risk-taking of financial institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Strobl
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Usa

Purpose This study investigates the risk-taking behavior of financial institutions in the USA. Specifically, differences between taking risks that affect primarily the shareholders of the institution and risks contributing to the overall systemic risk of the financial sector are examined. Additionally, differences between risk-taking before, during and after the financial crisis of 2007/2008 are examined. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the determinants of stand-alone and systemic risk, a generalized linear model including size, governance, charter value, business cycle, competition and control variables is estimated. Furthermore, Granger causality tests are conducted. Findings The results show that systemic risk has a positive effect on valuation and that corporate governance has no significant effect on risk-taking. The influence of competition is conditional on the state of the economy and the risk measure used. Systemic risk Granger-causes idiosyncratic risk but not vice versa. Research limitations/implications The major limitations of this study are related to the analyzed subset of large financial institutions and important risk-culture variables being omitted. Practical implications The broad policy implication of this paper is that systemic risk cannot be lowered by market discipline due to the moral hazard problem. Therefore, regulatory measures are necessary to ensure that individual financial institutions are not endangering the financial system. Originality/value This study contributes to the empirical literature on bank risk-taking in several ways. First, the characteristics of systemic risk and idiosyncratic risk are jointly analyzed. Second, the direction of causality of these two risk measures is examined. Moreover, this paper contributes to the discussion of the effect of competition on risk-taking.

scholarly journals Investment, Financial, Trade Freedom and Risk-taking: Empirical Evidence from USA‎

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Abbas ◽  
Dr. Noshaba Batool ◽  
Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Unique Dataset

This study aims to explore investment, financial, and trade freedom impact on banks’ risk-taking. A unique dataset of large commercial banks of the USA covering the period 2002-2018 is used. The findings prove that financial freedom reduces the bank’s risk-taking whereas investment and trade freedom increase the risk-taking of large commercial banks in the observed period. The behavior of risk-taking due to financial, trade and investment freedom of under-capitalized and low-liquid banks seems to be marginally less impacted as compared to well-capitalized and high-liquid banks. The findings are robust using loan loss reserves as a risk measure and subclassification of a sample. The results suggest that the intervention of the government is decisive in developing the degree of economic freedom for the stability of the financial system.

Board composition and corporate risk-taking: a review of listed firms from Germany and the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Irshad Younas ◽  
Christian Klein ◽  
Thorsten Trabert ◽  
Bernhard Zwergel
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Corporate governance is a crucial factor when considering excessive corporate risk-taking. Since corporate boards play such an important role in corporate governance, the purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of board composition and further board characteristics on excessive corporate risk-taking. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates listed firms from Germany and the USA from 2004 to 2015 based on data from Thomson Reuters Data Stream. The authors apply the fixed effect and random effect estimation method to demonstrate the impact of board composition on corporate risk-taking. Findings This study provides empirical evidence that an increase in the proportion of independent directors is associated with less corporate risk-taking. These effects are stronger among German firms. Lastly, the effects of board size and audit committee effectiveness (AUCE) on risk-taking have mixed results. Research limitations/implications The results favor continued efforts to strengthen the composition of corporate boards and improve the effectiveness of audit committees to curb unhealthy corporate risk-taking. The recommendations from the research will provide regulators and corporate management with the necessary information needed to design an appropriate independent board structure, and board size (BOSI). The research will, furthermore, fortify the indispensability of financial experts on audit committees. Originality/value This study contributes to the agency theory debate with these findings. Stronger board independence enables a better monitoring of the CEO, which leads to decision making based on a more appropriate level of risk.

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