scholarly journals On Chinese-English Translation Strategies of Biopharmaceutical Corporate Profiles Guided by Adaptation Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
CHEN Ling ◽  
WANG Caiying
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Word Order ◽  
English Translation ◽  
International Market ◽  
Adaptation Theory ◽  
Logical Relationship ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Enterprises

With the closer economic ties between countries and the spread of epidemics such as COVID-19, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises have a potential international market. The quality of the English translation of pharmaceutical company profiles is of great significance to the development of international market and human health. Compared with 8 Chinese and 8 English pharmaceutical company profiles, there are significant different focuses. Besides the basic information, Chinese pharmaceutical company profiles stress the history and awards of the companies, while English pharmaceutical company profiles are centered on the effective information. The existing C-E translation problems lie in word-for-word translation, lack of logic between sentences or text and redundancy. Guided by adaptation theory, the following conclusions are drawn: on syntax level, when translating, the translator should apply the methods of creative translation, clarify the logical relationship between clauses, adjust the word order of sentences and appropriately add logical conjunctions. On discourse level, the translator can use creative translation— recompose the information of the profiles. Besides, we should emphasize the company’s care for life and health. Only in this way can contextual relations and linguistic structure be adapted. I hope it will be helpful to the English translation of the profiles of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.

Towards a Monolingual World

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Sanju Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
International Market ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
English Novel ◽  
Small Things ◽  
Language Equation

The chapter looks into the existing language equation in India through a literary lens. Even though the number of translations from other Indian languages to English has increased, in the national and international market Indian English fiction has come to represent Indian fiction. This complexity is due to the growing status of English in globalized India, which is also reflected in the popularity of Indian English fiction. However, a historical analysis would reveal that the rise of Indian English fiction is a postcolonial phenomenon and this has been at the expense of translations. The chapter substantiates this cultural evolution further through a study of the Malayalam translation of the Indian English novel The God of Small Things and the English translation of the Malayalam novel Chemmeen. The translation strategies and iconography of the book covers are analyzed to discuss the existing equation between English and other Indian languages.

POTENTIAL OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT OF RGANIZED FISHING TOURISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Sribnaya ◽  
◽  
Natalya А. Bodneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
International Market ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Specialized Services

Fishing tourism is one of the modern types of tourism that is aimed at meeting the needs of a certain segment of tourists in fishing. This type of tourism is organized by special enterprises to favorable places for fishing. Fishing tours in most cases include specialized services such as: fishing license, tackle rental, boat rental, instruction and joint fishing with a qualified fishing guide, as well as services aimed at preserving and preparing the fish caught. Such countries as Finland, Norway, Egypt, Namibia, South Africa, Iceland, Sweden, Slovakia, Thailand and Israel occupy high positions in the international market of fishing tourism and are famous for their fish resources. As for fishing tourism in Russia, the demand for fishing tourism is currently increasing. Tourist companies are engaged in expanding the geography of fishing tours and improving the quality of service, which affects the increase in demand for this type of tour. The analysis of the potential of the Astrakhan region, carried out in the article, allowed us to identify opportunities for the development of organizational fishing tourism.

Practical Issues of Translated Texts Editing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25242644 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Maryna Aleksandrovych
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Copy Editor ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Units Of Measurement ◽  
Work Shifts ◽  
Basic Features

This article contains a summary of some practical issues of translated texts editing with clear examples. Copy editing of translated texts is different from copy editing of texts written in the native language, because the focus of the work shifts from how to deliver an author’s message in the most appropriate way to how to deliver author’s text, written in the native language, in another language (Ukrainian) in the most appropriate way. The first question is the versatility: does the copy editor need to know the language of the original text in order to do effective copy editing. And she/he should at least understand the basic features of the language of the original text such as phonetics, grammar and syntax. Also a copy editor should pay particular attention to such aspects as: at the lexical level – false friends, transliteration of proper nouns, excess of possessive pronouns, translation or adaptation of lexical gaps; at the syntactic level – copulative verb, word order in a sentence, contrastive stress in a phrase, address words, syntax simplification. A necessary aspect is the unification of certain elements in the translated text: address words, units of measurement (length, weight, area, time, volume, etc.), transliterated proper and common nouns. Described in this article principles of transliteration, unification, adaptation, lexical and syntactic aspects of copy editing of translated texts will help to improve the quality of translated books into Ukrainian.

The Four Branches of the Mabinogi, ed. and trans. by Matthieu Boyd, with the modernization assistance of Stacie Lents. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2017, 119 pp., 5 b/w ill, 1 map.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
English Version ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Welsh Literature

Welsh medievalists have long recognized the canonical quality of The Four Branches of the Mabinogi (late eleventh or early twelfth century), resulting in a long series of editions and translations. William Owen Pughe was the first to offer a modern English translation in 1795. The <?page nr="402"?>recent translation by Will Parker (2005) is available now online at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.mabinogi.net/translations.htm">http://www.mabinogi.net/translations.htm</ext-link>, and I suspect that many university teachers happily rely on this one because of its easy accessibility and clarity of the English version. Now, Matthieu Boyd, who teaches at Fairleigh Dickinson University (Florham Campus, Madison, MD), offers a new rendering, which is specifically targeting undergraduate students. This explains his strategy to modernize the medieval Welsh as much as possible, and to turn this marvelous text into an enjoyable read even for contemporary students, without moving too far away from the original. This modernization was carried out with the assistance of his colleague, the playwright Stacie Lents. This entails, for instance, that even some of the medieval names are adapted. Many times the conservative reader might feel uncomfortable when words and phrases such as “to shit,” “to egg on,” “to nip at the heels,” or “Manawydan & Co” (60–61) appear. The adaptation of personal names is not carried out systematically, but the overall impression of this translation is certainly positive, making the study of this masterpiece of medieval Welsh literature to a real pleasure.

Internationale Marketingstrategien und Marketing-Informationssysteme der westdeutschen Pharmaindustrie in den 1950er bis 70er Jahren: Eine „Marketing-Informationsrevolution“?

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kleinschmidt ◽  
Heiko Braun
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Unknown Quantity ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
Pharmaceutical Enterprises

AbstractAssuming that a formerly unknown quantity and quality of market data triggered a revolution in marketing information, we explore international marketing strategies and the significance of marketing information systems in the context of the re-internationalization of the pharmaceutical enterprises Bayer and Schering after 1945. Both companies faced an information deluge, and in both cases, distinct approaches to a modern marketing information system can be observed since the mid-1960s.

Evaluating slogan translation from the readers’ perspective

Babel ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Lim ◽  
Kwok Ying Loi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Word Use ◽  
The Public ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Slogans play an important role in conveying information to targeted audiences, and the translation of slogans tends to be studied under the rubric of public-notice translation. Previous research mainly uses researchers’ expertise to evaluate the quality of this type of translation. Yet, little is known about what the targeted readers think about the translation, although their opinions present key information that helps to determine whether the translation has achieved the intended effect. This paper elicits and systematically analyzes readers’ responses. We investigate the case of Macao, a rapidly growing economy where the demand for English translation has markedly increased in recent decades. Public administration bodies in Macao have commissioned Chinese-to-English translation in varied areas such as tourism, social security and welfare, cultural and sports events. We sampled ten translated slogans that were used in the public sector, and administered survey questionnaires (n=130) to both source-text and target-text readers. The two groups of readers’ evaluations, based on the criteria of fluency, conciseness, persuasiveness and mnemonic effect, reveal that the translations are perceived significantly less favorably than the originals are. Readers most strongly disliked word-for-word translations, and pointed out numerous problems with the translations such as ungrammaticality, inappropriate word use, lack of appeal, and unintelligibility due to insufficient background knowledge. This research demonstrates the tangible value of using readers’ responses to evaluate translation quality. It also has implications for translator training, and recommends that public authorities should institute a rigorous quality assurance system.

The Venerable Bede on Prayer and Contemplation

Traditio ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott DeGregorio
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
Venerable Bede ◽  
The Middle Ages

As a monk at the famous Northumbrian monastery of Jarrow, the Venerable Bede (673–735) produced a body of exegetical work that enjoyed enormous popularity throughout the Middle Ages. Something of that spirit seems to have reawakened in recent years, as Bede's commentaries are increasingly being studied and made available to wider audiences in English translation. One distinctive feature of this development is a growing awareness that Bede's reputation as an exegete is more multifaceted than has been previously realized, that it goes beyond what Beryl Smalley called “his faithful presentation of the tradition in its many aspects. Whereas earlier interpreters were content to regard Bede as a mere compiler reputed for his good sense and able Latinity, scholars are now paying homage to him as a penetrating and perceptive biblical commentator who did more than reproduce the thought of the fathers who preceded him. As I intend to show in what follows, Bede's treatment of prayer and contemplation in his exegesis attests well to this quality of his thought. The topic to date has received only minimal commentary, mainly on what Bede actually taught about prayer. My approach will be different. I begin with a discussion not of Bede's exegetical method but of his occupations and aims as a spiritual writer. Neither Bede's spirituality nor his role as spiritual writer have received the attention they deserve, and it is hoped that the reflections offered here will help rekindle interest in these neglected subjects. I then consider four prayer-related themes in his exegesis that bring his aims as a spiritual writer into view. Patristic tradition had commented widely on prayer, and Bede, we will see, did not set out to summarize this tradition in its entirety but rather to highlight and distill certain themes within it, those that best suited the needs of his Anglo-Saxon audience.

Subtitle Translation Strategies of Dish Name in the Chinese Documentary-A Bite of China 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Qi ◽  
◽  
Ang Lay Hoon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Cultural Ideology ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Chinese Films

With the implementation of “go globally” strategy of Chinese culture, a large number of Chinese films and TV programs have been produced to go abroad. As a medium and carrier of cultural communication, the quality of documentary subtitle translation determines whether Chinese culture can be appropriately disseminated or not. This paper aims to investigate the translation strategies of culture-specific items with special focus on name of dishes. The object of study in this paper is A Bite of China 1 produced by CCTV in 2012, which is not only about Chinese foods but also geography, local customs and dietary habit. Firstly, by using comparative approach, the linguistic characteristics are discussed to identify the similarities and differences between source and translated dish names. Then the translation strategies for dish name are examined. Next, such factors affecting translation strategies as cultural ideology is analyzed. The objective of this paper is to study what translation strategies are possibly adopted when translating Chinese dish name into English in the documentary. The findings show that in the process of dish name translation of Chinese documentaries, domestication and foreignization are two frequently used strategies which is complementary to each other.

Clinical efficacy of the drug 200 mg silver proteinate in the complex therapy of acute infectious rhinitis in children, which occurred as part of an acute respiratory infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
A. B. Kiselev ◽  
◽  
Kh. T. Abdulkerimov ◽  
N. E. Terskova ◽  
V. A. Chaukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Quality Of Treatment ◽  
Complex Therapy

The effectiveness of pharmacotherapy of acute infectious rhinitis in children by means of drugs from the list of medicines of the J00 Standard and in addition to this pharmacotherapy with the drug silver proteinate – 200 mg nasal spray Sialor® (manufacturer of JSC «Production Pharmaceutical Company “Obnovlenie”, Russia) was evaluated in a multicenter randomized comparative study. A higher quality of treatment was demonstrated when using 200 mg silver proteinate (Sialor®) in the form of a nasal spray in complex therapy. The article presents evidence of the feasibility of including the drug 200 mg silver proteinate in the list of medicines of the J00 Standard.

scholarly journals Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Jawaid ◽  
Daniel Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Parse Tree ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
European Languages

Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation We investigate phrase-based statistical machine translation between English and Urdu, two Indo-European languages that differ significantly in their word-order preferences. Reordering of words and phrases is thus a necessary part of the translation process. While local reordering is modeled nicely by phrase-based systems, long-distance reordering is known to be a hard problem. We perform experiments using the Moses SMT system and discuss reordering models available in Moses. We then present our novel, Urdu-aware, yet generalizable approach based on reordering phrases in syntactic parse tree of the source English sentence. Our technique significantly improves quality of English-Urdu translation with Moses, both in terms of BLEU score and of subjective human judgments.

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