Structural changes have occurred at a rapid rate in the U.S. concerning LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and ally/asexual) rights and lived experiences. However, in K-12 education LGBTQIA+ students continue to face challenges and obstacles not faced by their heterosexual, cisgender peers. Using heteronormativity as its underpinning, this chapter will highlight some of the challenges encountered by LGBTQIA+ students, provide a background to understand the current state of educational practices and policies, and provide recommendations for teachers, administrators, students, and communities to help reduce the trauma endured by many LGBTQIA+ students.