Flavor symmetries in an SU(5) model of grand unification

We investigate the options for imposing flavor symmetries on a minimal renormalizable non-supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory, without introducing additional flavor-related fields. Such symmetries reduce the number of free parameters in the model and therefore lead to more predictive models. We consider the Yukawa sector of the Lagrangian, and search for all possible flavor symmetries. As a result, we find 25 distinct realistic flavor symmetry cases, with ℤ2, ℤ3, ℤ4, and U(1) symmetries, and no non-Abelian cases.

An approach to Grand Unification

Around the time of the completion of the Standard Model of particle physics in the 1970s, schemes were put forward for unifying the three gauge interactions (electric, strong and weak) using the renormalization equations at an energy approaching the Planck mass. Though these looked promising, the exact unification never materialised, and doubts have been raised about whether this Grand Unification can be achieved. It may be possible, however, to create Grand Unification at the Planck mass if we start with a radical examination of the nature of the colour model of quarks.

Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with ten years of the ANTARES detector data

The presented study is an updated search for Magnetic Monopoles (MMs) using data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope over a period of 10 years (January 2008 to December 2017). In accordance with some Grand Unification Theories (GUT), MMs were created during the phase of symmetry breaking in the early Universe, and accelerated by inter-galactic magnetic fields. As a consequence of their high energy, they could cross the Earth and emit a significant signal in a Cherenkov-based telescope like ANTARES, for appropriate mass and velocity ranges. This analysis a new simulation of MMs taking into account the Kasama, Yang and Goldhaber (KYG) model for their cross section with matter. The results obtained for relativistic magnetic monopoles with β = v/c ⩾ 0.817, where v is the magnetic monopole velocity and c the speed of light in vacuum, are presented.

Beyond the Standard Model

We review the fundamental physics questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, and we explain why, despite its great successes, the search for physics beyond the Standard Model is a very active field of research. We briefly review the theories of Grand Unification which assume that the SU(3) × SU(2) x U(1) group of the Standard Model is the remnant of a larger, simple or semi-simple group, spontaneously broken at very high energies. These theories predict the phenomenon of proton decay and we discuss possible cosmological consequences of such an instability. We end with the theory of supersymmetry which postulates the existence of an approximate fermion-boson symmetry.

Using C++ to Calculate SO(10) Tensor Couplings

Model building in SO(10), which is the leading grand unification framework, often involves large Higgs representations and their couplings. Explicit calculations of such couplings is a multi-step process that involves laborious calculations that are time consuming and error prone, an issue which only grows as the complexity of the coupling increases. Therefore, there exists an opportunity to leverage the abilities of computer software in order to algorithmically perform these calculations on demand. This paper outlines the details of such software, implemented in C++ using in-built libraries. The software is capable of accepting invariant couplings involving an arbitrary number of SO(10) Higgs tensors, each having up to five indices. The output is then produced in LaTeX, so that it is universally readable and sufficiently expressive. Through the use of this software, SO(10) coupling analysis can be performed in a way that minimizes calculation time, eliminates errors, and allows for experimentation with couplings that have not been computed before in the literature. Furthermore, this software can be expanded in the future to account for similar Higgs–Spinor coupling analysis, or extended to include further SO(N) invariant couplings.

Einstein–Maxwell–Yang–Mills tetrad grand unification

In this short note, we will prove in a few steps that the new tetrads introduced previously in Einstein–Maxwell–Yang–Mills four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes where gravitational and Yang–Mills fields are present contain both the necessary information to provide the gravitational field and the necessary information to provide the electromagnetic and Yang–Mills fields as well. These new tools thus become grand unification objects.