Comprehensive Analysis on the Hydrologic Alteration and Causes of River Runoff in Min River of the Yangtze River, China

The construction of water conservancy projects has changed the hydrological situation of rivers and has an essential impact on the river ecosystem. The influence modes of different factors on runoff alteration are discussed to improve the development and utilization of water resources and promote ecological benefits. The ecological, hydrological index change range method (IHA-RVA) and hydrological alteration degree method were comprehensively used to evaluate Min River's hydrological situation. Based on six budyko hypothesis formulas, the contribution rates of climate change and human activities to runoff change are quantitatively analyzed. The study showed that the runoff of Min River basin showed a significant decreasing trend from 1960 to 2019 and a sudden alteration around 1993; The overall alteration in runoff conditions was 45% moderate, and the overall alteration in precipitation was 37% moderate; Precipitation and potential evapotranspiration also showed a decreasing trend within the same period, but the overall trend was not significant; The contribution of climate alteration to runoff alteration is 30.2%, and the contribution of human activities to runoff alteration is 69.8%, human activities are the dominant factor affecting the alteration of runoff situation in Min River basin.

The changes of microbial diversity and flavor compounds during the fermentation of millet Huangjiu, a traditional Chinese beverage

Huangjiu is a national alcoholic beverage in China. Millet has congenital advantages in development and utilization of nutrient. Brewing Huangjiu with millet can increase the value of millet. Microbial community plays crucial roles in millet Huangjiu fermentation. Flavor compounds reflect the quality and health function of Huangjiu. The flavor compounds of Huangjiu are complex and their formation is closely associated with microorganisms, but the relationship between them during fermentation has been unknown. In this research, this relationship during millet Huangjiu fermentation were deeply investigated. Totally 86 volatile compounds were detected. Bacillus, Weissella, Paenibacillus, Klebsiella, Prevotella was investigated as the dominant microbes through high-throughput sequencing. 537 correlations between major flavor compounds and microbes were established to reflect the dynamic change during millet Huangjiu fermentation. The top five dominant genus of flavor producing microbes were Chryseobacterium, Sporolactobacillus, Psychrobacter, Sphingobium and Anoxybacillus. The content of malic acid and citric acid was gradually improved all through the millet Huangjiu fermentation. Malic acid and citric acid generated from millet Huangjiu fermentation shows healthy properties as liver protection and eliminating fatigue. Our research provides essential information on microbial community succession and the flavor formation during millet Huangjiu fermentation, and beneficial for development of Huangjiu products.

Nuclear Laws for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy

The development and utilization of nuclear energy is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. It has greatly enhanced the ability of humanity to understand and shape the world and had a significant impact on the development of technology and civilization. In the 21st century, the United Nations (UN) has developed the “Millennium Development Goals” and the “2030 Sustainable Development Goals” to promote a comprehensive solution to the world’s social, economic and environmental issues. To this end, nuclear energy offers unique advantages, but the associated risks and challenges of its further development and utilization must be addressed. Nuclear law is a powerful tool for regulating its development and responding to those risks and challenges. The Chinese Government has always developed nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in a safe and innovative way. At the Nuclear Security Summit in 2014, President Xi Jinping proposed adhering to a rational, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security and promoting a fair, cooperative and win–win international nuclear security regime. This not only summarizes China’s experience in establishing a nuclear legal framework and developing nuclear industry, but would also strengthen international nuclear governance and promote nuclear energy to better benefit humanity. The international community should fulfil international obligations strictly, implement national responsibilities effectively, and jointly maintain the UN focused international system and international legal order, contributing to the realization of the common goal of “Atoms for Peace and Development”.

A New Purification Process of Solanesol Based on Chemically Modified Diatomite

Diatomite is a kind of natural material with adsorption capacity and it’s widely used in industry. The main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of hydrochloric acid concentration and modification time on the modification effect of diatomite. This article describes a modified method of diatomite, which can not only reduce the purification cost, but also improve the separation efficiency of solanesol. The results show that when the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 3mol/L and the treatment time is 50 minutes, the modification effect of diatomite is the best. The determination of the optimum technological conditions is conducive to the separation and purification of Solanesol by diatomite, and lays a foundation for the further development and utilization of diatomite.

Estimation Method of Biomass Energy Reserves in China: A Case Study of Corn Straw

Nowadays, biomass resources are the best choice to replace fossil resources. Energy development in biomass is mainly through pyrolysis of biomass. At present, no one has estimated how much biomass energy there is for a country. In this article, taking corn as an example, China as the production country, the potential biomass resources in China are speculated, in which Lignocellulose is the main experimental biomass and pyrolyzed to obtain biomass energy. The most common method of biomass energy conversion is isothermal conversion. The first-order reaction model is used for kinetic analysis of the conversion. The sample is subjected to powder falling pyrolysis at 480 degrees. In order to overcome the regional differences in China, the data of 30 degrees north latitude are used. Finally, the reaction time and the total amount of biomass energy available for development and utilization in China in 2020 are obtained.

Applying Four-Step Characteristic Ion Filtering with HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS Spectrometer Approach for Rapid Compound Structures Characterization and Major Representative Components Quantification in Modified Tabusen-2 Decoction

Modified Tabusen-2 decoction (MTBD) is traditional Chinese Mongolia medicine, mainly used to treat osteoporosis. However, the precise material basis of this prescription is not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we establish an HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS spectrometer method with four-step characteristic ion filtering (FSCIF) strategy to quickly and effectively identify the structural features of MTBD and determine the representative compounds content. The FSCIF strategy included database establishment, characteristic ions summarization, neutral loss fragments screening, and secondary mass spectrum fragment matching four steps. By using this strategy, a total of 143 compounds were unambiguously or tentatively annotated, including 5 compounds which were first reported in MTBD. Nineteen representative components were simultaneously quantified with the HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS spectrometer, and it is suitable for eight batches of MTBD. Methodology analysis showed that the assay method had good repeatability, accuracy, and stability. The method established above was successfully applied to assess the quality of MTBD extracts. Collectively, our findings enhance our molecular understanding of the MTBD formulation and will allow us to control its quality in a better way. At the same time, this study can promote the development and utilization of ethnic medicine.

Knowledge of Utilization of Citrus Fruit Peels after Consumption among Random Selected Population at Sonepat District in Haryana State

Citrus is an important part of fruit family. It belonging to the family Rutaceae, which include fruits such as orange, mandarin, lime, lemon, sour orange and grapefruit, pomelo appear as a well known promising source of multiple beneficial nutrients for human beings. Processing of citrus by-products (peel, pulp, and seed) potentially represents a rich source of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber, by consumption of citrus fruit the large amount of peel waste produced. These citrus fruit residues, which are generally discarded as waste in the environment, they can act as potential nutraceutical resources. Such comprehensive Utilization of Citrus By-products provides comprehensive knowledge and information on the development and utilization of citrus by-products, including (types, preparation, and determination) of their main functional components. One of the most popular fruits in the world, from the point of processing is citrus fruits by which produces citrus peel, a primary by-product. Current statuses of citrus peel pollute the environment and waste resources so eco-friendly solutions are sought. This review systematically summarized the knowledge of utilization of citrus peel, which generally discarded as waste by consumer after consumption of fruit.

Information Technology Governance of UMKM in Kasasiur Banjar

One form of information technology management for UMKM in order to expand business networks, marketing and carrying out business processes is the use of the Cobit 5 framework. The benefits and maturity level of IT management are benchmarks for the direction of development and utilization strategies for UMKM. The purpose of this study was to assess the position of Kasasiur Banjar SMEs regarding implementation and targets to be achieved in the future. The result of the assessment is the maturity level of the current IT management position (existing). Furthermore, maturity targets will be determined for each selected IT process to be used as guidelines for the Kasasiur Banjar UMKM group in IT utilization. Maturity level assessment uses the domains EDM3, EDM4, APO7, DSS3, DSS6, and MEA1 with the calculation model referring to ISO/IEC 15504. Assessment results Maturity level related to IT development strategy is at level 1 (1.21), which is Performed. This means that Kasasiur Banjar SMEs have a concern for good IT management and processes have been implemented and achieved goals. The direction of governance development in UMKM Kasasiur Banjar is targeted to reach level 5, namely Optimizing.

The Development and Utilization of Saline–Alkali Land in Western Jilin Province Promoted the Sequestration of Organic Carbon Fractions in Soil Aggregates

Soil samples from T (0~20 cm) and S (20~40 cm) layers of four saline–alkali rice fields (R5, R15, R20, and R35) with different reclamation years were selected to study the distribution of soil aggregates and the contents of readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC), and soil organic carbon (SOC). The effects of large macroaggregate (>2 mm, LMA), small macroaggregate (0.25 to 2 mm, SMA), and microaggregate (<0.25 mm, MA) particle size, soil layer, and soil physicochemical properties on SOC fractions were also analyzed. The results showed that the LMA size in saline–alkali paddy fields were easily decomposed and was unstable due to the influence of the external environment. With the increase in reclamation years, the proportion of LMA in the S layer decreased gradually. The ROC, DOC, MBC and TOC contents of aggregates in the T and S layers gradually increased with the increase in reclamation years, and SOC fractions contents of aggregates in different grain sizes were SMA > LMA > MA. An effective way to increase carbon sink and improve the ecological environment in western Jilin Province is to change the soil environment by planting rice in saline–alkali land.