Pressure management in smart gas networks for increasing hydrogen blending

The injection of hydrogen into existing gas grids is acknowledged as a promising option for decarbonizing gas systems and enhancing the integration among energy sectors. Nevertheless, it affects the hydraulics and the quality management of networks. When the network is fed by multiple infeed sites and hydrogen is fed from a single injection point, non-homogeneous hydrogen distribution throughout the grid happens to lead to a reduction of the possible amount of hydrogen to be safely injected within the grid. To mitigate these impacts, novel operational schemes should therefore be implemented. In the present work, the modulation of the outlet pressures of gas infeed sites is proposed as an effective strategy to accommodate larger hydrogen volumes into gas grids, extending the area of the network reached by hydrogen while keeping compliance with quality and hydraulic restrictions. A distribution network operated at two cascading pressure tiers interfaced by pressure regulators constitutes the case study, which is simulated by a fluid-dynamic and multi-component model for gas networks. Results suggest that higher shares of hydrogen and other green gases can be introduced into existing distribution systems by implementing novel asset management schemes with negligible impact on grid operations.

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Waste to Energy in Karachi Pakistan

The environmental protection agency shows that the solid waste management of Karachi city lies in the underdeveloped category. Organics, paper, plastics, bread, metals, bones, textile and many other components are key in this area. The current methods for disposing of solid waste in cities, land-filling and other schemes are compared. Energy crises and solid waste at this large scale has forced cities to the edges of collapsing. Still, it is feasible to convert this huge problem into a profitable business. With the exception of dumping or burning, waste can be used to produce energy. Through bio-chemical and thermo-chemical processes, almost 0.01% of the total energy demand can be reproduced from the waste mentioned above. There is a need to promote the production of energy from solid waste and the utilization of different wastes in a useful manner. Instead of using ineffective waste management schemes, proper waste management schemes can solve both problems at the same time. A huge amount of revenue can be generated from Karachi solid waste, but all this depends upon awareness and suitable technology. The focus of this paper is to emphasize the importance of recycling and energy. The choice of proper methods for treatment, fermentation, anaerobic digestion and the reasons for properly operating all solid waste management bodies are discussed in detail in this study. The Decision support System tool and its importance is also discussed in terms of the field of solid waste choice makers.

Traffic Efficiency Models for Urban Traffic Management Using Mobile Crowd Sensing: A Survey

The population is increasing rapidly, due to which the number of vehicles has increased, but the transportation system has not yet developed as development occurred in technologies. Currently, the lowest capacity and old infrastructure of roads do not support the amount of vehicles flow which cause traffic congestion. The purpose of this survey is to present the literature and propose such a realistic traffic efficiency model to collect vehicular traffic data without roadside sensor deployment and manage traffic dynamically. Today’s urban traffic congestion is one of the core problems to be solved by such a traffic management scheme. Due to traffic congestion, static control systems may stop emergency vehicles during congestion. In daily routine, there are two-time slots in which the traffic is at peak level, which causes traffic congestion to occur in an urban transportation environment. Traffic congestion mostly occurs in peak hours from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. when people go to offices and students go to educational institutes and when they come back home from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. The main purpose of this survey is to provide a taxonomy of different traffic management schemes for avoiding traffic congestion. The available literature categorized and classified traffic congestion in urban areas by devising a taxonomy based on the model type, sensor technology, data gathering techniques, selected road infrastructure, traffic flow model, and result verification approaches. Consider the existing urban traffic management schemes to avoid congestion and to provide an alternate path, and lay the foundation for further research based on the IoT using a Mobile crowd sensing-based traffic congestion control model. Mobile crowdsensing has attracted increasing attention in traffic prediction. In mobile crowdsensing, the vehicular traffic data are collected at a very low cost without any special sensor network infrastructure deployment. Mobile crowdsensing is very popular because it can transmit information faster, collect vehicle traffic data at a very low cost by using motorists’ smartphone or GPS vehicular embedded sensor, and it is easy to install, requires no special network deployment, has less maintenance, is compact, and is cheaper compared to other network options.

Optimized Energy Management Schemes for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Bibliometric Analysis towards Future Trends

Concerns over growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel prices have prompted researchers to look into alternative energy sources, notably in the transportation sector, accounting for more than 70% of carbon emissions. An increasing amount of research on electric vehicles (EVs) and their energy management schemes (EMSs) has been undertaken extensively in recent years to address these concerns. This article aims to offer a bibliometric analysis and investigation of optimized EMSs for EV applications. Hundreds (100) of the most relevant and highly influential manuscripts on EMSs for EV applications are explored and examined utilizing the Scopus database under predetermined parameters to identify the most impacting articles in this specific field of research. This bibliometric analysis provides a survey on EMSs related to EV applications focusing on the different battery storages, models, algorithms, frameworks, optimizations, converters, controllers, and power transmission systems. According to the findings, more articles were published in 2020, with a total of 22, as compared to other years. The authors with the highest number of manuscripts come from four nations, including China, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, and five research institutions, with these nations and institutions accounting for the publication of 72 papers. According to the comprehensive review, the current technologies are more or less capable of performing effectively; nevertheless, dependability and intelligent systems are still lacking. Therefore, this study highlights the existing difficulties and challenges related to EMSs for EV applications and some brief ideas, discussions, and potential suggestions for future research. This bibliometric research could be helpful to EV engineers and to automobile industries in terms of the development of cost-effective, longer-lasting, hydrogen-compatible electrical interfaces and well-performing EMSs for sustainable EV operations.

A resource management survey for mission-critical and time-critical applications in multiaccess edge computing

Multiaccess Edge Computing (MEC) brings additional computing power in proximity of mobile users, reducing latency, saving energy and alleviating the network's bandwidth. This proximity is beneficial, especially for mission-critical applications where each second matters, such as disaster management or military operations. Moreover, it enables MEC resources embedded on mobile units like drones or robots that are flexible to be deployed for mission-critical applications. However, the MEC servers are capacity-limited and thus need an acute management of their resources. The mobile resources also need a smart deployment scheme to deliver their services efficiently. In this survey, we review mission-critical applications, resource allocation and deployment of mobile resources techniques in the context of the MEC. First, we introduce the technical specifics and uses of MEC in mission-critical applications to highlight their needs and requirements. Then, we discuss the resource allocation schemes for MEC and assess their fit depending on the application needs. In the same fashion, we finally review the deployment of MEC mobile resources. We believe this work could serve as a helping hand to design efficient MEC resource management schemes that respond to challenging environments such as mission-critical applications.