Impact of Mesioangular Mandibular Impacted 3rd Molar on Peridontal Health of Adjacent Tooth

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of mesioangular mandibular 3rd molar impaction on periodontal health of adjacent tooth in patients. Study Design: Retrospective/observational study Place and Duration: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, MMDC Multan, during from Oct 2020 to September 2021. Methods: Total of seventy patients of both genders was presented in this study. Detailed demographic data of enrolled cases age, sex, body mass index, symptoms and complications were recorded after taking informed written consent. All the patients had mesioangular impactions of mandibular third molars. The impaction depth, relationship with ramus, and angulation of 70 IMTMs and their association with 2nd molar distal caries and root resorption, pathological states, and closeness to the mandibular canal were assessed on panoramic radiographs. Pell and Gregory classification was used to determine position of impacted third molar. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of IMTM's position on the related complications (credible interval for Bayesian models). Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed p-value 0.05. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 42 (60%) males and 28 (40%) females with mean BMI 23.13±6.46 kg/m2. Most of patients 31 (44.3%) were aged between 20-35 years. Mean attachment level was 3.03±2.34 and probing depth was 3.34±3.35. Caries, pain and swelling were the most common symptoms found among cases. Distal second molar root caries 21 (30%) and pocket formation 17(24.3%) were the most common pathologies. As per histological findings periapical inflammation was majority found in 37 (52.9%) cases followed by dental follicle in 19 (27.1%) and cyst in 11 (15.7%). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the impacted mandibular third molar was most linked with distal second molar root caries and the creation of a pocket between the impacted tooth and the second molar tooth. The most common pathology associated with the impacted molar was distal second molar root caries and the creation of a pocket between the affected tooth and the second molar. Keywords: Mesioangular, Impacted mandibular third molar, Pathology, Complication

Impact of the Mesioangular Mandibular on the Peridontal Health of Adjacent Tooth by the Third Molar

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of mesioangular mandibular 3rd molar impaction on the periodontal health of neighbouring teeth in patients. Study Design: Dental College HITEC-IMS Taxilla/Gulraiz Dental Clinic Quaid Avenue Main Road, Gulraiz 3, Rawalpindi. Jan 2021-Aug 2021 Place and Duration: Methods: Total of ninety patients of both genders was presented in this study. After receiving informed written consent, detailed demographic information about the recruited cases was collected, including age, gender, body mass index, symptoms, and complications. All of the patients experienced mesioangular third molar impactions on their mandibular teeth. A total of 90 IMTMs were evaluated using panoramic radiographs to determine their impaction depth, relationship with the ramus, and angulation, as well as their association with 2nd molar distal caries and root resorption, pathological states, and proximity to the mandibular canal. The position of the impacted third molar was determined using the Pell and Gregory categorization system. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of IMTM's position on the associated problems are shown in the table below (credible interval for Bayesian models). P-values with two-tailed confidence intervals of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. SPSS 27.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 55 (61.1%) males and 35 (38.9%) females with mean BMI 24.61±5.22 kg/m2. Most of patients 41 (45.6%) were aged between 20-35 years. Mean attachment level was 2.99±4.74 and probing depth was 3.78±4.61. Caries, pain, and swelling were the most often reported symptoms, according to our research. The most common diseases were distal second molar root caries, which accounted for 30 (33.3%) of all cases, and pocket development, which accounted for 21 (23.3%). According to histological findings, periapical inflammation was the most common finding in 46 (51.1%) of the cases, followed by dental follicle in 24 (26.7%), cyst in 16 (17.8%), and other malignancies in 4 (4.4%) cases. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the impacted mandibular third molar was most closely associated with distal second molar root caries and the formation of a pocket between the impacted tooth and the second molar tooth in the lower jaw. Most common pathology linked with the impacted molar was distal second molar root caries and the formation of a pocket between the affected tooth and the second molar. Keywords: Mesioangular, Impacted mandibular third molar, Pathology, Complication

Anti-Biofilm Formation of an Adhesive Containing Calcium Salts of Acidic Monomers against Oral Candida Related to Root Caries

The proportion of older people within the general population is expanding due to the decline of birth rate and the increase of life expectancy. Increasing elderly populations, which is retaining its teeth longer, leads to oral health problems, for example, root caries. The main etiological factor for the initiation and development of root caries is the appearance of cariogenic biofilm. The acid-producing and acid-tolerant bacteria and oral yeast, such as Candida albicans are the major contributors in root caries formation. A new generation of adhesives is developed with several modifications for the prevention of dental caries by incorporating antimicrobial components. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of adhesive containing calcium salt of acidic monomers on the biofilm formation of oral Candida related to root caries. In the experiments, the flat-bottom surfaces of 96-well plate were painted with an adhesive containing calcium salts of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (CMET) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP) (Bio-Coat, CA, Sun Medical, Japan). Then they were LED light-cured and coated with sterile saliva at 37 °C for 60 min. The biofilm formation was made by adding of Candida albicans (ATCC 10238 and two clinical strains) suspensions (107 colony forming unit/mL) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The amount of vital biofilm was determined by WST-8 Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA). All experiments were done in triplicate and repeated three times. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. The results clearly showed that adhesive could significantly inhibit biofilm formation of all tested Candida compared with a control. This suppressive effect was not different among the strains of Candida. The percentages of vital biofilm reduction were 25% to 40%. The ability of this adhesive to suppress biofilm of oral yeast may be its antimicrobial property of acidic monomer or the effect of calcium ion within the adhesive, which can alter Candida cell morphology, and influence their structures or process of biofilm formation. In conclusion, an adhesive containing calcium salts of acidic monomers could significantly inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans. This adhesive could be effectively applied to exposed root surfaces to prevent or inhibit the progression of root caries. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effect on multispecies biofilm, on long-term activity, and in vivo conditions.

ANALYSIS OF BIOFILMS FOR STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS FROM DENTAL ROOT SURFACES OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH ROOT CARIES

Background and objectives: Knowledge of the pathogenicity of the primary etiological factor of root caries, the microbial biofilm, might provide important information for the development of diagnosis and treatment strategies. This study assessed the numbers and revealed the proportion of Mutans streptococci , which is potential important cariogenic organisms, in biofilms collected from lesions at root surfaces with active caries lesions (ARC), inactive caries lesions, and sound root surfaces (SRS). Material and methods: Samples were cultured in MSB agar for Mutans streptococci counts, and brain-heart infusion agar for total viable anaerobic counts. After incubation, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was determined and compared between groups by the Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level set at 95%. The proportion of counts of Mutans streptococci in the total viable microorganisms was also analyzed by Chi-square test. 108 samples (36 from each surface) from 36 patients were cultured and analyzed. Results: The mean±SD for the counts of active root caries lesions was 7.47±9.89 10, significantly higher than that of inactive root caries lesions (2.5±0.97) and sound root surfaces (3.03±0.71). In conclusion, a trend towards higher counts was evident for ARC. In the ARC lesions among the dominant oral anaerobic bacteria, we could not identify streptococcal colonies (unspecified) in 11% while in IRC lesions it occurred in 47%, and SRS it occurred in 47%. In addition, in ARC the samples were ≥0.1-≥10 (CFU x10) ≥0.1-≥10 colonies of Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: In conclusion, a trend towards higher counts was evident for ARC and for most samples, the proportion of Streptococcus mutans was low relative to the viable number of total viable anaerobic microorganisms. Peer Review History: Received: 5 September 2021; Revised: 10 October; Accepted: 24 October, Available online: 15 November 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indones UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected] Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM FORMATION AND DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE AND ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE IN ADULT FEMALES CLINICAL FEATURES, AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTIONS, RISK FACTORS AND THE TYPE OF BACTERIA ISOLATED IN PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS IN SANA'A, YEMEN

Periodontal Pathogens Inhabit Root Caries Lesions Extending beyond the Gingival Margin: A Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis

We performed a comprehensive microbiome analysis of root caries lesions using 22 teeth extracted from patients with severe periodontitis. The carious lesions were mechanically collected and cryo-pulverized following tooth extraction. Differences in the microbiome were compared between independent lesions at the supragingival site (SG) and lesions extending beyond the gingival margin (GCB). DNA was extracted and the microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene using paired-end sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq device. The microbiota in root caries lesions showed compositionally distinct microbiota depending on the location. The most abundant OTUs in the SG group were Streptococcus (26.0%), Actinomyces (10.6%), and Prevotella (7.6%). GCB presented Prevotella (11.1%) as the most abundant genus, followed by Fusobacterium (9.6%) and Actinomyces (8.7%). The SG group showed a lack of uniformity in microbiota compared with the GCB group. The bacterial profiles of GCB varied considerably among patients, including periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas, Selenomonas, Filifactor, Peptococcus, and Tannerella. Periodontal pathogens inhabit root caries lesions that extend beyond the gingival margin. This study provides a new perspective for elucidating the microbial etiology of root caries.

Agentes Fluoretados e Cárie Radicular: Uma Revisão de Literatura / Fluoride Agents and Root Caries: A Literature Review

Resumo: A cárie radicular é uma patologia progressiva e dinâmica que ocorre na interface biofilme e cemento/dentina radicular, com maior taxa de prevalência na população idosa. O uso profissional de agentes fluoretados consiste na intervenção minimamente invasiva, capaz de prevenir e inativar as Lesões de Cárie Radicular (LCRs). Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou identificar os diferentes agentes terapêuticos fluoretados de uso profissional que agem na inativação/paralisação da cárie radicular. Para tanto, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos cinco anos por meio de análise criteriosa de artigos científicos. Os idiomas foram, predominantemente o português, inglês e espanhol. Como critérios de inclusão foi considerado os trabalhos relacionados com o objetivo do presente estudo, estudos disponíveis na integra, artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2021, sendo descartados artigos que não estavam em consonância com o objetivo deste estudo, teses e dissertações. Conclui-se que o Diamino Fluoreto de Prata (DFP) é o agente fluoretado que apresentou maior eficácia na prevenção e paralização das LCRs. Contudo, sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados, com foco na intervenção minimamente invasiva, que tragam protocolos clínicos de atendimento adequado ao tratamento da cárie radicular Palavras-chave: Cárie; Cárie radicular; Agentes fluoretados.Abstract: Root caries is a progressive and dynamic pathology that occurs at the biofilm and cementum/root dentin interface, with a higher prevalence rate in the elderly population. The professional use of fluoridated agents is a minimally invasive intervention capable of preventing and inactivating Root Caries Lesions (CRLs). Thus, the present study aimed to identify the different fluoride therapeutic agents for professional use that act in the inactivation/paralysis of root caries. Therefore, a bibliographic survey of the last five years was performed through a careful analysis of scientific articles. The languages were predominantly Portuguese, English and Spanish. As inclusion criteria, works related to the objective of this study were considered, studies available in full, articles published between 2016 and 2021, and articles that were not in line with the objective of this study, theses and dissertations were discarded. It is concluded that Silver Diamino Fluoride (DFP) is the fluoridated agent that showed the greatest effectiveness in preventing and paralyzing CSFs. However, it is suggested that more studies be carried out, focusing on minimally invasive intervention, which bring clinical protocols for adequate care for the treatment of root caries. Keywords: Caries; Root caries; Fluoridated agents.