Pengelolaan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) Pada Tanaman Kedelai Di Desa Puyung

Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan di desa Puyung kecamatan Jonggat, Lombok Tengah. Kelompok sasaran adalah kelompok tani yang terbiasa menanam tanaman palawija, jagung dan padi. Kendala yang sering dialami oleh petani tersebut adalah serangan hama pada tanaman kedelai sejak fase vegetatif sampai generatif. Biasanya petani menyemprot dengan pestisida sehingga tidak disadari lama kelamaan akan menyebabkan serangga hama menjadi tahan dan merusak lingkungan. Selain itu, pestisida yang diaplikasi secara terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan matinya organisme bukan sasaran termasuk predator. Sehingga perlu dilakukan inovasi baru untuk mengendalikan hama selain menggunakan bahan kimia yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Inovasi baru yang dimaksud adalah menanam tanaman refugia sebagai perangkap musuh alami hama. Metode yang dilakukan adalah teknik survei dengan metode deskriptif eksploratif dilanjutkan dengan kaji tindak (Action Research) dengan menerapkan pendekatan program tindak partisipatif (Partisipatory Action Program) dari anggota kelompok tani melalui diskusi, dan kerja kelompok di seluruh kegiatan. Selanjutnya tahapan pelaksanaan yang diawali dengan pelatihan dengan teknik ceramah dan diskusi, dengan proporsi 30% teori dan 70% praktek lapang. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari kegiatan tersebut adalah dilakukan demonstrasi plot dengan menanam tanaman refugia seperti bunga matahari, kenikir, bunga kertas, di sekitar tanaman kedelai dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan November 2021. Hasilnya kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, a) pengetahuan dan keterampilan anggota Kelompok tani meningkat dalam kaitannya dengan pengendalian hama, b) Kelompok tani mau menerapkan tanaman refugia sebagai perangkap musuh alami hama pada tanaman kedelai, c) terbentuknya paket teknologi tentang teknik pengendalian hama dengan memanfaatkan tanaman refugia sebagai tanaman perangkap musuh alami hama.

Does She Deserve It? The Influence of Gender and Meritocracy in Reactions to Affirmative Action Legislation

Gender equality is a matter for debate worldwide. In 2018, Portugal enacted legislation (Decree Law no. 62/2017) to balance gender representation on the executive boards of listed and public sector organizations with measures similar to those causing controversies in other countries. Thus, in accordance with previous research, a study took place to examine the attitudes towards the justice of this legislation and the role of merit in these attitudes. This study (n = 129 women and 94 men) deployed an experimentally manipulative type of affirmative action program to consider the role of individual perceptions of the justice of the legislation coupled with the influence of beliefs in meritocracy and participant gender. The results identify how the type of affirmative action impacted on the perceived justice, also influenced by merit, which seems normative and fundamental to evaluating the justice of such legally stipulated provisions. Nonetheless, objectively evaluating candidate merits revealed difficulties in disentangling this process from personality traits.

Using the Problem Tree and Results Chain to Improve Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy Services—Case Study of the Malaria Action Program for Districts in Uganda

Malaria in pregnancy contributes considerably to poor pregnancy outcomes. The U.S. Agency for International Development’s Malaria Action Program for Districts project in Uganda used the Problem Tree and Results Chain tool to identify demand and supply barriers responsible for the low uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) in 52 districts of Uganda. The key supply-side barriers identified were related to leadership/governance, health financing, medicines and technologies, health information systems, human resources, service delivery, and users. The project used the results to plan and implement interventions targeting the barriers. As a result, from October 2018 to September 2019, the project reported an apparent improvement in uptake of three or more doses of IPTp (49–67%). Malaria in pregnancy cases and stock out of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) did not change considerably. The Problem Tree and Results Chain tool is a useful and complementary project management tool to identify root causes and their solutions during planning and implementation. Projects using this tool should periodically re-assess performance of IPTp policy implementation and develop appropriate solutions to address the key bottlenecks identified to increase the likelihood of sustained improvement. Further evaluation of the utility of the tool in other settings is recommended.

Topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets for coastal flooding risk assessment: French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo

The French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo requires assessment of coastal flooding risks. The first prerequisite is a knowledge of the topography and bathymetry of the bay of Saint-Malo. In addition to existing topo-bathymetric data, the acquisition of new multibeam bathymetric data is performed. The combination of these datasets allows the generation of two high resolution topo-bathymetric digital terrain models. Then, to understand the hydrodynamic conditions which cause coastal flooding, a dense and extensive oceanographic field experiment is conducted. Oceanographic data were acquired using a network of 22 moorings with 37 sensors, during winter 2018–2019. The network included 2 directional buoys, 2 pressure tide gauges, 18 wave pressure gauges, 4 single-point current meters, 7 current profilers and 4 acoustic wave-current profilers from mid-depth (25 m) up to the upper beach and the dike system. The oceanographic dataset provides an overview of hydrodynamics in Saint-Malo bay and wave processes leading to coastal flooding. The combination of high-resolution topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets provides a unique capability for model validation and process studies. The topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets are available freely at doi : https://doi.org/10.17183/MNT_COTIER_GNB_PAPI_SM_20m_WGS84, https://doi.org/10.17183/MNT_COTIER_PORT_SM_PAPI_SM_5m_WGS84, and https://doi.org/10.17183/CAMPAGNE_OCEANO_STMALO.

The Community Action Program Works to Improve Mental Health at the District Level: The Evaluation of the Community Action Program in Districts of Iran

Objective: Three categories of interventions are considered for reducing the prevalence of mental disorders in Iran: mental health promotion, increasing mental health and social service utilization and controlling mental health risk factors. In this regard, we designed a community action program in a national plan to provide comprehensive social and mental health services (SERAJ) that were implemented as a pilot in three districts of Iran: Bardasir, Oslo, and Quchan. In this study, we have reviewed the results of this pilot project. Method: This study was conducted based on the collaborative evaluation model; first, the program was described and the evaluation indicators of each component of the program were determined. Stakeholders were determined; also, data were collected through literature review, semi-structured interview, and focused group discussion and were analyzed by thematic analysis methods. Results: The community action program consists of four components: A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the departments of the districts, People’s Participation House (PPH), Self-reliance Unit (SRU), and actions taken for stigma reduction. A total of 48% of the actions set out in the three MoU of three districts have been executed. The PPH was formed in all three districts. A total of 816 social referrals were admitted to SRU for which a self-reliance process has been initiated. Moreover, 47% of referrals have received services and at least 10 messages for stigma reduction and promoting mental disorders have been sent from different sources at the district level. Conclusion: Strengthening vertical cooperation between the national and provincial levels is essential for the full implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and self-reliance processes. Referring individuals for receiving social support with collaboration between the primary and secondary programs reported to be successful, but feedback to the primary and secondary levels which provides basic and specialized services, is not transparent. Therefore, we suggest an electronic system as an option to solve this problem. The careful selection of representatives of the people's network and empowerment of PPH and directors of the district on community action skills are essential. The experiences of the governors and chairs of health networks of the three districts should be presented at a national conference.

USAHA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PADI FUNGSIONAL MELALUI APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA DI DESA KATENG KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

Keterbatasan fasilitas irigasi memaksa petani mengolah lahan tergesa- gesa untuk mendapatkan air yang cukup, akibatnya proses pelumpuran tanah tidak sempurna, potensi tanah sebagai seed bank sehingga muncul masalah gulma yang sulit dikendalikan. Petani menanam bibit yang tersedia di pasaran tanpa menelusuri asal-usul benih, varietas dan mutu benih. Akibatnya produktivitas usahatani padi di wilayah sasaran semakin menurun. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah terjadi transfer teknologi tepat guna sehingga pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani tentang agribisnis dan pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT) pada budidaya tanaman padi beras merah meningkat. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Kateng Kec. Praya Barat Kab. Lombok Tengah dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Juli 2020. Metode kegiatan yang dilaksanakan adalah Program Tindak Partisipatif (Participatori Action Program). Pendekatannya adalah dari bawah dan dari atas (Bottom-up and top down approach) dengan penekanan pada tingkat pengetahuan, keterampilan dan kearifan lokal para petani mitra (Hutwan et al., 2016). Mekanisme pelaksanan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu penyuluhan, penetapan petani sasaran sebagai mitra, pendampingan dan monitoring serta evaluasi program. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani tentang agribisnis dan PHT pada budidaya tanaman padi beras merah meningkat. Hal ini terlihat dari antusiasme petani sasaran mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan dan pendampingan, serta penerapan teknologi tepat guna antara lain pengolahan tanah, penggunaan benih unggul, pupuk organik dan PHT pada budidaya tanaman padi. Teknologi tepat guna yang diintroduksikan menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan hasil padi beras merah lebih baik, intensitas serangan hama wereng menurun, sehingga memberikan hasil dan keuntungan yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan hasil budidaya manual