A ABERTURA DO TUBO DIGEST�RIO: ENTRE A ARTE E O INTESTINO / The opening of digestive duct: between art and intestine

O texto faz uma introspe��o na no��o anat�mica de tubo digest�rio humano,�questionando a abordagem mecanicista e individualizada da digest�o. Para tanto, � realizado um percurso por trabalhos de artistas que desmontam a no��o de tubo digest�rio mediante elabora��es po�ticas sobre as fezes, proposi��es prost�ticas para o corpo vivo e estrat�gias relacionais. S�o abordados trabalhos de, entre outros, Anna Maria Maiolino, Wim Delvoye, Lygia Clark, Jorge Menna Barreto, bem como os aut�matos do s�culo 18 de Jacques Vaucanson. Nosso intuito aqui � reformular a digest�o como atividade imbricada ao campo da arte e vice-versa.Palavras-chave:Digest�o. Arte contempor�nea. Aut�mato. Pr�tese. Ecologia.�AbstractThis text examines the anatomic idea of the human digestive duct, challenging the mechanistic and individualized approach to digestion. A journey through the works of artists who disassemble the digestive duct, with poetic constructions about human waste, prosthetic propositions for living bodies, and relational strategies, is established.�Works of Anna Maria Maiolino, Wim Delvoye, Lygia Clark, Jorge Menna Barreto are mentioned, as well as the eighteen-century automata of Jacques Vaucanson. Our purpose is to reformulate digestion as a process interwoven with the field of the arts and vice versa.Keywords:Digestion. Contemporary art. Automaton. Prothesis. Ecology.

The Prestigious Status of Istanbul in Orhan Pamuk’s Literary Form

Love of the homeland is an innate instinct on which the human being was created. It is not strange that the individual loves his country in which he was born and raised and feels nostalgic for it when he/she leaves it to another state, so that is proof of the close relationship and the sincerity of belonging. Pamuk's passion for Istanbul is remarkable, and he is vitalist in portraying it in his literature. Mostly, all of Pamuk's novel plots are settled in Istanbul, but Pamuk's autobiographical novel Istanbul: Memories and The City gives much more about Pamuk's feelings towards his native city. It is devoted to both his memories from his childhood and Istanbul as a city and its meaning in his life as a writer. The book is composed of memories and emotions that have shaped his life forever. As a skillful painter, Pamuk's concepts and perspectives of Istanbul are unique. He composes that there was no Ottoman painting that can undoubtedly oblige our visual tastes because we have been educated to view things in an alternate Western style. He is attracted to Antoine Melling, the eighteen-century painter, who "viewed the city as an Istanbuli, however, painted it as a reasonable looked at Westerner" (Pamuk, Istanbul: Memories and the City, 67). This paper will attempt to outline and discuss the significant status of Istanbul in Orhan Pamuk's writing, how he represents his close connection with it, and how he made Istanbul the story field of his novels. It also will focus on the importance of the geographical location of Istanbul as the center of the bridge of different cultures, religions, and ethnicities, which leads to conflict or coexistence.

CẢM THỨC CỦA NGUYỄN DU VỀ TRUNG QUỐC THANH TRIỀU TRONG BẮC HÀNH TẠP LỤC

Nguyen Du (1765-1820), with courtesy name To Nhu, poetic name Thanh Hien, and other pseudonym Hong Son Liep Ho, was born into the noble Nguyen clan of Tien Dien village in central Vietnam. Many of his family members served in high positions in the imperial mandarin system of the Le-Trinh dynasty. Inheriting honors from his father, Nguyen Du was bestowed the titles: Hoang Tin Great Man, Guard Commandant of Origin, and Thu Nhac Count. Therefore, deep within his conscience, Nguyen Du always felt indebted to the Le dynasty. However, the rapid replacement of the Le-Trinh by the Tay Son and then by the Nguyen dynasty during the chaotic years of the eighteen century seriously challenged his beliefs and emotions, pushing him into a reclusive lifestyle during his reluctant service to the Nguyen dynasty. In the 12th year of Gia Long (1813), Nguyen Du was appointed the mission leader on a yearly tribute trip to China, during which he wrote a collection of poetry titled “Bac hanh tap luc” (Trivial Notes on the Northward Trip). His “trivial notes” revealed his complicated thinking and feelings about the Chinese landscape, people and culture under the rule of the Jiaqing emperor. This article analyzes Nguyen Du’s rational and emotional perceptions of China, especially Chinese culture as implied in “Bac hanh tap luc”, to better understand a case of direct interaction of a Vietnamese Confucian scholar with imperial China.

Enlightenment value theories and the three levels in fair value accounting

I cannot endorse Donleavy’s conclusion that “ fair value” accounting is derived from the eighteen-century economic thinkers: Anne Robert Turgot; Richard Cantillon; and Adam Smith. In his well-written study, Donleavy seems to misperceive fair value accounting as the reporting of accounting items by their market values. However, fair value accounting also advocates a theoretical explanation of how market prices would be formed and why they would be fair values. It is important to clarify this point, because it leads to two subsequent conclusions. First, that the price/value theory in fair value accounting is quite distinct from Turgot, Cantillon and Smith’s theories on the same matter. For instance, Cantillon and Smith suggested cost-based theories of value, where labor was the key element. Second, it is possible to distinguish fair value accounting from periods where the case for reporting accounting rubrics by market values was promoted based on other theoretical motivations.

The Beginnings of the Working Class. The problem of the working hands in Polish industry in the epoch of Stanisław August (fragments)

Fragments of the book Początki klasy robotniczej published originally in 1946 give insight to history of Polish vagabonds in eighteen century. Text based on archival documents, ordinances and fragments from the press depicts the problem from multiple points of view, showing the complex history of this social group and how it was systematically delegalized and assimilated by consequent legal and administrative decisions. Motley population of vagabonds, entertaining miscellaneous ways of living and working was on one hand viewed as a bunch villains or idlers, but on the other constituted a reservoir of workforce, much in need for the nascent industry.

Stać przed zagadkami świata i życia ludzkiego bez gotowych odpowiedzi. O pisaniu biografii (nie tylko) Jana Potockiego

The conversation concerns the broadly-understood methodological background and substantive knowledge of the co-author of the highly praised biography of Jan Potocki, François Rosset. The researcher talks about the importance and usefulness of knowledge of the French eighteen-century novel, the Enlightenment ideas and artistic trends for the work on the biography of the author of The Manuscript found in Saragossa. Rosset also talks about archive research related to the work on this biography and about how he used his knowledge of editorial meanders of the famous novel while writing. The researcher emphasizes that the authors of biographies should keep a distance from the characters of their stories and that their main goal is to try to present the life cycle of a given person as comprehensively as possible, supporting it with sources.