Object of complaints to the investigating judge regarding the judicial control of acts, actions / inactions to the criminal investigation body

The examination of complaints by the investigating judge, filed by the parties to the proceedings and other persons claiming the violation of their rights in criminal proceedings, is an important form of control for detecting and preventing violations of law and errors committed by criminal prosecution bodies and which carries out the operative activity of investigations.

Theoretical Aspects of Integrating Special Investigations in the Criminal Process in the Republic of Moldova

This article is devoted to the issue of integrating special investigation activities in the criminal process. The paper comments on the contradictory visions regarding the researched subject. The legal nature of the special investigative measures and the results obtained from them are analysed. The final conclusion is that integrating special investigations into criminal proceedings generates serious problems that undermine respect for the rights and freedoms of participants in criminal proceedings. The issues related to carrying out special investigative measures outside the limits of the criminal investigation and capitalizing on them remain remarkably current.

Problems of implementing international digitalisation standards of criminal investigation

The study consisted of identifying the existing problems in the implementation of international standards of digitization of criminal investigation at the legislative level. The research was carried out in stages as a summary, based on the logic of presentation of the material, to achieve and meet the objectives set out in the article. The method of direct observation, the method of comparison and analysis of the content of the documents, the method of systemic and pragmatic approach were used. The key results of the study were the analysis of the experience of implementing digital standards in forensic activities in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Denmark, England, Austria, Estonia, and Ukraine. It is concluded that the problems that exist in the implementation of these standards, were identified from the criteria of evaluation of the efficiency and capacity of digital data processing by the agencies involved in the criminal investigation. In addition, the problems and difficulties faced by the authorities in implementing existing international digitization standards, indicate the need for comprehensive measures to organize criminal investigations. To overcome them, appropriate measures must be taken in the field of legislative changes.

KINERJA PENGAWAS PENYIDIK KEPOLISIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA TERHADAP PEMENUHAN HAK TERSANGKA PADA KEPOLISIAN RESORT PINRANG

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk dan faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan kinerja pengawas penyidik terhadap pemenuhan hak tersangka di Polres Pinrang, dilaksanakan di Kantor Polres Pinrang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk dan faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan kinerja pengawas penyidik terhadap pemenuhan hak tersangka di Polres Pinrang, dilaksanakan di Kantor Polres Pinrang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pelaksanaan kinerja Pengawas Penyidik terhadap pemenuhan hak tersangka di Polres Pinrang telah dilakukan dalam bentuk monitoring, eksaminasi dan supervisi, namun belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan kinerja Pengawas Penyidik terhadap pemenuhan hak tersangka di Polres Pinrang adalah aturan hukum aturan hukum yang ada belum mengakomodir cara pelaksanaan pengawasan, hanya memberikan legalitas kepada Pengawas Penyidik, sarana dan prasarana masih sangat kurang seperti tidak adanya ruangan khusus dan kendaraan operasional bagi Pengawas Penyidik, dan sumber daya manusia hanya 1 (satu) orang Pengawas Penyidik, yakni Kepala Urusan Pembinaan Operesional (Kaur Bin Ops/KBO), yang bertugas juga membantu Kasat Reskrim Polres Pinrang. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the forms and factors that influence the conduct of investigators on the rights of suspects at the Pinrang Police, carried out at the Pinrang Police Office. This research is a normative-empirical research with an approach to identify and analyze the forms and factors that influence the performance of supervisors on the fulfillment of the rights of suspects at the Pinrang Police, carried out at the Pinrang Police Office. The results showed that the implementation of the performance of the Investigating Supervisor towards the fulfillment of the suspects’ rights at the Pinrang Police had been carried out in the form of monitoring, examination and supervision, but it had not run as it should. Factors that affect the implementation of Investigator Supervision on the rights of investigators at the Pinrang Police are the legal rules that accommodate the implementation of supervision, only provide legality to investigators, facilities and infrastructure that are still very lacking such as the absence of a special room and operational vehicle for the Investigator Supervisor, and human resources that are only 1 (one) Investigating Supervisor, namely the Head of Operations Development Affairs (KBO), who also assists the Pinrang Police Criminal Investigation Unit

CORRUPTION IN THE PENAL SYSTEM: CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS

В статье рассматриваются коррупционные проявления в уголовно-исполнительной системе России с криминологической точки зрения, проведен анализ причин и условий совершения коррупционных преступлений и меры профилактики. Приводятся мнения ученых-юристов о понятии коррупции, которое рассматривается как в узком, так и в широком смысле слова. Автором утверждается, что коррупция в большей мере выступает как социальное и криминологическое, чем правовое явление, поэтому рассматривать ее в рамках конкретных совершенных преступлений неверно, необходимо анализировать совокупность противоправных деяний с учетом их особенностей, а также причины и условия их совершения. Автор отмечает, что пенитенциарная преступность делится на две категории: на общеуголовную преступность (преступления, совершаемые осужденными) и иную преступность, основной составляющей которой выступает коррупционная преступность в учреждениях и органах УИС. На основе изучения криминологических научных источников автор предлагает классифицировать факторы совершения коррупционных преступлений сотрудниками УИС: факторы, присущие всем коррупционным преступлениям; и факторы, присущие пенитенциарной коррупции. В представленной статье автором указывается на недостаточность антикоррупционных механизмов. Комплекс предпринимаемых мер противодействия коррупции необходимо совершенствовать и расширять. The article examines corruption manifestations in the Russian Penal System from a criminological point of view, analyzes the causes and conditions of corruption crimes and preventive measures. The opinions of legal scholars on the concept of corruption, the content of the concept of corruption are given, it is considered both in the narrow and in the broad sense of the word. The author argues that Corruption acts more as a social and criminological phenomenon than a legal one, therefore it is not correct to consider it within the framework of specific crimes committed, it is necessary to analyze the totality of illegal acts taking into account their characteristics, as well as the causes and conditions of their commission. The author notes that penitentiary crime is divided into two categories: crimes committed by convicts (ordinary crime) and other crime, the main component of which is corruption crime in institutions and bodies of the criminal justice system. Based on the study of criminological scientific sources, the author proposes to classify the factors of corruption crimes committed by the employees of the Criminal Investigation Department: factors inherent in all corruption crimes; and factors inherent in penitentiary corruption. In the presented article, the author points out the insufficiency of anti-corruption mechanisms. The range of anti-corruption measures taken needs to be improved and expanded.

OPTIMIZED ACTION UNITS FEATURES FOR EFFICIENT DESIGN OF DECEPTION DETECTION SYSTEM

Deception detection is becoming an interesting filed in different areas related to security, criminal investigation, law enforcement and terrorism detection. Recently non-verbal features have become essential features for deception detection process. One of the most important kind of these features is facial expression. The importance of these expressions come from the idea that Human face contain different expressions each of which is directly related to a certain state. In this research paper, facial expressions' data are collected for 102 participants (25 women and 77 men) as video clips. There are 504 clips for lie response and 384 for truth response (total 888 video clips). Facial expressions in a form of Action Units (AUs) are extracted for each frame with video clip. The AUs are encoded based on Facial Action Coding System (FACS) which are 18 AUs. These are: AU 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28 and 45. Based on the collected data, only six AUs are the most effective and have a direct impact on the discrimination process between liar and truth teller. These AUs are AU 6, 7, 10, 12, 14 and 28

The right of the defense to request an explanation of the accusation during the criminal investigation phase

Pursuant to Article 66 paragraph (2) point 1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the accused has the right to know for what deed he is accused […], i.e. to be informed on the nature and cause of the accusation brought against him. If the person is not properly informed about the accusation, he is deprived of the right to ensure the possibility of preparing and exercising his defense, being seriously affected by the principles of a fair trial, guaranteed by Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Although the principle governing the exercise of rights by the accused in criminal proceedings guarantees the use of any means and procedures of defense, except those expressly prohibited by law, some prosecutors are reluctant to defenders’ requests to explain the accusation in criminal proceedings, context in which, in most cases, either declares them inadmissible or considers them unfounded. Such an approach does not reconcile the right to a fair trial; or, the clarity of what is set out in the indictment is also linked to the right of the accused to defend himself – as an indispensable element of the protection of the person against arbitrariness. Therefore, in this study, the authors will come up with pertinent arguments to annihilate the vicious practice of prosecutors to disregard the importance of predictability of the accusation in order to ensure the right to defense, as well as avoiding the conviction of the Republic of Moldova by the European Court for European Convention.

Procedural differences between mutual legal assistance and international informal assistance

Countries around the world face legal impediments when dealing with the recovery of criminal assets - especially developing countries that do not have the resources to deal with the skills and creativity of criminals. The scale of the problem is growing and shows us that a more effective approach is needed to recover stolen funds. There is a perception that ,,international cooperation” in an investigation and recovery of assets refers to international legal assistance - the formal process of requesting assistance from a foreign jurisdiction. However, in practice, there is a step that should be earlier in the process, which is often ignored or forgotten and which is just as important, if not more so. This is mutual administrative assistance, often described only as ,,informal assistance”. Almost all cases of corruption and embezzlement have a significant international dimension, whether it is foreign bank accounts and residences abroad or a chain of transactions circulating in several jurisdictions. To start informal international cooperation, all that is required is for an officer or prosecutor to pick up the phone or email his or her counterpart in another jurisdiction to request assistance in verifying the information to support a criminal investigation. This informal cooperation helps the investigation team to develop a better and more complete picture of the case. It helps them to identify official evidence that may be required from abroad to successfully prosecute and, ultimately, to recover any criminal assets with limited resources at hand

Importance of entomofauna found in cadavers for Forensic Entomology

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the entomofauna found in cadavers for Forensic Entomology in the following aspects (a) Forensic Entomology in addition to criminal investigation, Medico-Legal Entomology, the entomofauna found in the corpse can provide (b) the identity of the deceased, cause of death, movement body, use of toxins or drugs, in addition to the crime scene, stored products, drug trafficking, ill-treatment, but how Entomology can help to reach the after-death interval. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1993 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International, VADLO, Scopus, and Web of Science.