Constructions of Deviance by Japanese and German Youth: A Criminological Comparison as a ‘Bottom-Up’ Project

In criminological country comparisons, countries are often assumed to be relatively homogeneous units ( ‘methodological nationalism’). Within individual countries, there seems to be a more or less uniform understanding of crime. In contrast to this supposition, we assume the possibility that interpretations of deviance or crime can also diverge to a great extent within countries. Based on an explorative comparative study with young people in Japan and Germany, we show that there are both similarities and differences: The youths we interviewed in the two countries share some views on norms and norm violations (for instance, relating to school norms which they, at the same time, question, and acknowledge), while in others they differ (e.g. concerning the assessment of the severity of deviant behavior). Criminological country comparisons, we conclude, should pay more attention to controversies on the definition of deviance and crime and to heterogeneity within countries.

“Tearing Down the Wall”: Making Sense of Teacher Leaders as Instructional Coaches and Evaluators

Some recent district-level teacher leadership programs have incorporated both instructional coaching and formal evaluations into teacher leaders’ (TLs) responsibilities, which research suggests could challenge the relational dynamics necessary for effective coaching. Using a sensemaking lens, we conducted a qualitative case study of one district’s effort to integrate coaching and formal evaluation in their teacher leadership policy. We conducted a total of 26 semistructured interviews with district administrators and school leaders, TLs, and teachers in two schools, and seven observations of teacher leadership activities. We coded interview transcripts and field notes deductively and inductively. We found that when granted autonomy, principals drew on varied sources for making sense of and enacting this policy, and the messages they conveyed through school leadership norms deeply influenced how teachers and TLs enacted and experienced the integration. The integrated district policy in and of itself did not hinder relationships between teachers and TLs; rather, what mattered most for teachers was the extent to which they perceived their TLs as part of a larger system of support or accountability. This study suggests that the school norms that school leaders put into place when enacting teacher leadership policies deeply influence teachers’ perceived relational dynamics with TLs. Teacher leaders have a unique role in implementation that is shaped by school-level norms and conceptions of effective leadership and coaching.

The Effect of Compliance With The School of Norma (Code of Conduct) School To The Discipline of Students Even Semester Even MTs Ibrahimy At Calipuro Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia

In accordance with government policy, education is essentially as an effort to prepare students to deal with an ever-changing environment, and education basically aims to improve the quality of life and life of the community. Fostering school discipline is one form of teacher work in schools in the context of fostering the younger generation and the formation of disciplined and educated people. Therefore the rules are very useful for the younger generation, especially for students who are in the school environment so that they will become a generation of discipline, educated and become the pride of the school, parents, nation and state. This study only discusses what influences student learning discipline, namely adherence to school norms, so this is used as a study of the effect of adherence to school norms (discipline) on student discipline, even semester MTs Ibrahimy Distric Kalipuro Banyuwangi.In determining the area, researchers used a regional purposive method. This research takes place in the research at MTs Ibrahimy Distric Kalipuro Banyuwangi. The methods used by the authors in this study are: 1) Observation Method, 2) Interview Method, 3) Documentary Method, 4) Questionnaire Method. In this study the authors use a statistical analysis method, where this analysis seeks to present the preparation, analyzing data from the results of the study in the form of numbers both in tabular and graphical form. Based on calculations that the empirical chi value of = 1,011 consulted X ² based on a 5% significance level in the table db = 1 (K-1) (K-1) = 3.841 it turns out that after comparing with chi squared (X²) calculation is greater chi squared table . So that in this study there is no effect of adherence to school norms (discipline) on the discipline of students studying even semester MTs Ibrahimy Distrik Kalipuro Banyuwangi.

In search of a social pedagogical profession in schools. Missions and roles under reconsideration

School is one of the areas where social pedagogy has taken on an increasingly important function. Supported by available literature, the aim of this literature review is to describe and analyse how the work of social pedagogues in schools can be manifested. The literature review shows that social pedagogical work in schools is common in many countries and emerging in others. The study shows a wide variation both between and within countries with regard to the mission and goals, status, role and function, tasks and activities of social pedagogues. The primary mission is inclusion of pupil groups or individuals with various types of psychosocial problems or school-related difficulties, followed by preventive work aimed at all pupils to counteract social exclusion in school, disciplining groups of pupils who are in various ways disrupting or breaking school norms, a consciousness-raising and mobilising mission and a more general teaching mission aimed at citizenship and democratic upbringing. The literature review shows that social pedagogy as a profession enjoys high currency and relevance in schools with a view to preventing the segregation and exclusion of pupils.

Patterns of Dating Aggression and Victimization in Relation to School Environment Factors Among Middle School Students

This study examined relations between patterns of dating aggression and victimization and school environment factors among 4,114 early adolescents attending 37 middle schools in four sites in the United States (51% Black, non-Hispanic, 21% Hispanic, and 17% White). Latent class analyses revealed a five-class solution that differentiated among youth classified as uninvolved (54%), psychologically aggressive victims (18%), aggressors (11%), victims (11%), and aggressive victims (5%). These groups differed in their perceptions of school environment factors, including the quality of student–student and student–teacher relationships, awareness/reporting of violence, school safety problems, and school norms for aggression and nonviolence. Our findings underscore the need for dating violence prevention efforts in early adolescence and the relevance of school environment and more selective interventions.