Mental disorders elderly in rural areas during COVID-19 pandemic in Bali Indonesia

Detection of mental disorders in the elderly are using the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) screening/questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and/or or based on structured interviews. The elderly who had complete screening and interview data were included in the study sample, i.e., 85 people. From 85 elderly as a participant, 65 people (76.4%) had a good cognitive, 10 (11.7%) moderate cognitive, and 5 severe cognitive (5.8%), but their daily activities were still good. The results of the screening GDS showed 70 people with mild depression (82.4%), moderate depression in 13 people (15.3%) and 2 people with severe depression (2.3%). The results of the screening with DASS show 15 elderly people with depression (17.5%), 55 people with anxiety (65%) and 15 people experiencing stress (17.5%). Screening for elderly sleep quality with the PSQI for elderly showed 60 people with disrupted sleep quality (70.5%) and 15 people with good sleep quality (17.6%). A 68 people elderly (80%) complained of mild pain and 17 people (20%) with moderate pain by screening using the VAS, where the location of the pain varied in the body and leg areas.

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8: Its Psychometric Evaluation Among Women with Chronic Non-Cancer Pelvic Pain

Psychiatric comorbidity and abusive experiences in chronic pelvic pain (CPP) conditions may prolong disease course. This study investigated the psychometrics of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8 (DASS-8) among women with CPP (N = 214, mean age = 33.3 ± 12.4 years). The DASS-8 expressed excellent fit, invariance across age groups and menopausal status, good discriminant validity (differentiating women with psychiatric comorbidity from those without comorbidity: U = 2018.0, p = 0.001), excellent reliability (alpha = 0.90), adequate predictive and convergent validity indicated by strong correlation with the DASS-21 (r = 0.94) and high values of item-total correlations (r = 0.884 to 0.893). In two-step cluster analysis, it classified women into low and high distress clusters (n = 141 and 73), with significantly higher levels of distress, pain severity and duration, and physical symptoms in cluster 2. The DASS-8 correlated with pain severity/duration, depression/anxiety symptoms, sexual assault, fatigue, headache severity, and physical symptoms at the same level expressed by the parent scale, or even greater. Accordingly, distress may represent a target for early identification of psychiatric comorbidity, CPP severity, sexual assault, fatigue, etc. Therefore, the DASS-8 is a useful brief measure of mental symptoms among women with CPP.

Investigation of Factors Associated with Psychological Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in Women with Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a traumatic experience. Those diagnosed with breast cancer often experience psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, traumatic experiences do not only cause psychological symptoms, but also can lead to positive changes named as posttraumatic growth (PTG). In the present study, it was aimed to examine both the psychological symptom (depression, anxiety, stress) and PTG levels of women with breast cancer and the relationship of these variables with core beliefs challenge and rumination types. Sociodemographic and Cancer-Related Information Form, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Core Beliefs Inventory, and Event-Related Rumination Inventory were applied to 201 women with breast cancer diagnosis (Mage = 47.81, SD = 8.58), mediation relations of variables were examined with Process Macro. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the psychological symptom levels of the majority of the participants were low and their PTG levels were above medium. It was determined that core beliefs challenge positively predicted depression, anxiety, stress, and PTG. Intrusive rumination mediated the relationship between core beliefs challenge and depression, anxiety and stress; deliberate rumination mediated the relationship between core beliefs challenge and PTG. In other words, as the core belief challenge of the participants increase, both psychological symptom and PTG levels increase. In addition, those who use intrusive rumination experience more psychological symptom, and those who use deliberate rumination experience more PTG. The present study reveals the importance of cognitive processes in understanding the psychological symptoms and PTG in women with breast cancer. Keywords: Breast cancer, psychological symptom, posttraumatic growth, core belief challenge, event-related rumination

Hubungan Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial Dengan Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Tingginya angka kasus positif COVID-19 menyebabkan masyarakat untuk mengubah kebiasaan dan cara berkomunikasi luring menjadi daring. Hal ini berdampak tingginya penggunaan media sosial pada remaja yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap perilaku remaja. Pengaruh dari penggunaan sosial media secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan seseorang mengalami gangguan mental seperti stres, kecemasan, depresi, rendahnya self esteem, gangguan tidur, dan body image. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari intensitas penggunaan media sosial terhadap kesehatan mental pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Mulawarman di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 200 mahasiswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yakni kuesioner Social Networking Time Use Scale (SONTUS) dan Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Data dikumpulkan secara online menggunakan google form dan data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi pearson product moment. Hasil studi menunjukkan terdapat 24.5% mahasiswa mengalami stress sedang, 10.5% lainnya mengalami stress parah dan 6% mengalami stress sangat parah.. Korelasi positif ditemukan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dengan tingkat stres (p-value = 0,001, r =0,270). Kesimpulan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas penggunaan media sosial maka semakin parah tingkat stres yang dialami. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya memberikan informasi kepada remaja mengenai bagaimana penggunaan media sosial yang tepat dan sehat untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif terutama kesehatan mental remaja.

The prevalence and factors associated with depression among preclinical and clinical medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah

Objectives - To assess the prevalence of major depression among medical students. - To assess the risk factors of major depression among medical students. Background: Depression, a common mental disorder which has been considered a serious problem worldwide. Depression has a great negative impact on different aspects of a person’s life such as school performance, work productivity, relationships with family and friends, and ability to participate and become an active member in the community Design: cross sectional study. Review Methods and Data Sources: A survey has been conduct seeking respondents’ level of agreement rating scale with a series of statements of two questionnaire sections: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), and Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ). Data gathered through an online questionnaire that designed through method mentioned above and distributed to preclinical and clinical medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah. The study will be conducted at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: The prevalence of depression anxiety stress for study participants 11.6%. The prevalence of medical student stressor scale rich about 6.1%. There is significant different depression anxiety stress scale according to gender of participants. Top 10 Statements out of 21 of depression anxiety stress scale according to respondents’ opinions are: 1. I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy. 2. I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things. 3. I found it hard to wind down. 4. I found it difficult to relax. 5. I found myself getting agitated. 6. I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself. 7. I felt downhearted and blue. 8. I experienced trembling (eg, in the hands). 9. I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything. 10. I was aware of dryness of my mouth. Conclusion: This study was prompted by the rise in depression anxiety disorder is considered the leading cause of disability worldwide. The results and discussion sections presented high prevalence of depression anxiety stress rich 11.6% within the study sample of the preclinical and clinical medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah. Since the prevalence of medical student stressor rich 6.1% for same sample size.

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 on Dental Surgeons and Students

Background: Since the start of January 2020, COVID-19, has been a serious health risk concerning the wellbeing and welfare of people worldwide. Health care workers are prone to more psychological problems because of their direct contact with infectious patients. Owing to the disruption of educational activities worldwide, stress was common among students. The objective of this study was to determine the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental surgeons and dental students. Methods: The survey was conducted at Islamic International Dental Hospital form February 2021 to July 2021. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent to students and dental surgeons, however 340 completely filled questionnaires were returned. Questionnaire using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the psychological influence. Data was compiled and independent sample t -test and Pearson’s correlation were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 23 to determine difference of means considering p<0.05 as cut off for significance. Results: The means of stress score, anxiety score and depression were 2.24+0.5, 3.56 +0.06 and 2.83+0.06 respectively. Pearson’s correlation among the dimensions of DAS scale showed that Depression, Anxiety and Stress were positively and significantly correlated with each other. Conclusion: There were high levels of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among dental students during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Workplace Violence Against Police Officers and The Effect of Workplace Violence on Mental Health

Aim: The aim of the research is to reveal the prevalence of violence against police officers and to examine the effect of being subjected to violence on their mental health. Methods: The sample of the research consists of 339 police officers working in different duty areas. Questionnaire technique was used to collect data in the study. The questionnaire form consists of two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, there are questions to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants (age, gender, marital status, education level, working year, etc.). In the second part of the questionnaire, there are questions to measure workplace violence and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. SPSS 23.0 package program was used in the analysis of the research data. Frequency distribution, descriptive statistics and t-test were used in the analysis of the data. Results: In the current study, it has been determined that 39.2% of police officers have been exposed to at least one type of workplace violence in the last 1 year. It was observed that the most common type of violence was verbal violence (28.9%). The results show that exposure to workplace violence negatively affects the stress and depression levels of police officers. Conclusion: Research results show that workplace violence is an important risk factor for police officers. Being exposed to violence also negatively affects the mental health of police officers. These results show the importance of implementing policies to prevent violence against police officers. Keywords: Police Officers, Workplace Violence, Stress, Depression And Anxiety

Relationship between Anxiety Levels and Smoking Behavior in Early Adolescents in Nias Ciranjang Junior High School

Background: Adolescence is a period in which a child experiences a transition from childhood to adulthood both physically and psychologically. In 2018 the prevalence of smokers in the population aged >10 years in Indonesia, especially West Java, was ranked first at 32.0%, while the smoking prevalence in the population aged 10-18 years was 9.1% in 2018, this number increased from 2013 which was only 7.2%. Mental health is important in determining the quality of a nation. The phenomenon when the incidence of health problems in adolescents increases, the underlying cause comes from internal and external factors, this problem is still a threat if not treated immediately. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and smoking behavior in early adolescents. Methods: The research design used is a correlation study with a cross sectional design. The number of samples was 55 male students in grades 7 and 8 in Nias Ciranjang junior high school which were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collection filled out the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) questionnaire, rcount > rtable 0,514 and ralpha value = 0,952. Data analysis was carried out univariate (frequency distribution) and bivariate with chi square test. Result: The results showed that some respondents had moderate anxiety levels as much as 54.5%, most respondents had bad smoking behavior as much as 54.5%, and there was a relationship between anxiety levels and smoking behavior in early adolescents in Nias Ciranjang junior high school with p -value=0.001. Conclusion: It is hoped that nursing science and schools will continue to improve students' understanding of the dangers of smoking through counseling or other activities so that there are no more teenagers smoking.

Konseling realitas untuk mereduksi stres pada orangtua tunggal

The client is a 57 years old woman with complaints of feeling disappointed, irritable, palpitations, chest pain, sweating for no reason that interferes with daily activities. The results of the medical examination did not show any physiological problems. Based on the assessments carried out through interviews, observation, graphic tests, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and WHODAS indicate that the client is experiencing stress. The intervention provided was six sessions of reality counseling. The results of the intervention showed a decrease in stress scores from 25 to 13 on the DASS scale and accompanied by changes in more productive behavior.

Penerapan PHBS, Perilaku Pencarian Informasi, dan Kesehatan Mental Masyarakat di Awal Masa Pandemik COVID 19

Pandemik COVID 19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat adanya perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, baik secara fisik, sosial, ekonomi, dan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana perilaku masyarakat dalam menerapkan anjuran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), perilaku mencari informasi terkait COVID 19, dan kaitannya dengan gangguan kesehatan mental umum yaitu depresi, kecemasan, dan stres. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) dan kuesioner yang mengukur 1) penerapan anjuran PHBS dan 2) perilaku pencarian informasi terkait COVID 19. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada awal masa pandemik COVID 19 terjadi di Indonesia dengan total responden 526 orang yang berasal dari 17 propinsi di Indonesia, terdiri atas beragam segmen penduduk yaitu siswa SMA hingga pensiunan. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengikuti anjuran PHBS dan memiliki skor depresi, cemas, dan stres dalam kategori normal. Analisis lanjutan menggunakan korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa penerapan anjuran PHBS memiliki hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap skor depresi (rho -0,271; p<0,00), kecemasan (rho -0,210; p<0,00), dan stres (r -0,251, p<0,00), sementara tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara aspek pencarian informasi dengan ketiga gangguan kesehatan mental umum tersebut. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor penerapan PHBS dan pencarian informasi juga skor depresi, kecemasan, dan stres memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan ditinjau dari jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, dan kategori usia. Responden dengan kategori usia 17-20 tahun, belum menikah, dan berjenis kelamin perempuan memiliki rerata peringkat yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada skor depresi, kecemasan, dan stres. Di sisi lain, responden berjenis kelamin perempuan, sudah menikah, dan berusia 41-60 tahun memiliki rerata peringkat penerapan anjuran PHBS yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya meningkatkan sosialisasi dan psikoedukasi terkait PHBS dan pemahaman terkait COVID 19 karena penerapan anjuran PHBS berkorelasi negatif dan signifikan terhadap munculnya gangguan kesehatan mental umum. Selain itu perlu adanya tindakan preventif baik bagi masyarakat umum maupun tersendiri pada segmen usia remaja, penduduk yang belum menikah, dan berjenis kelamin perempuan terhadap munculnya gangguan kesehatan mental umum. Kata kunci: perilaku hidup bersih sehat, pencarian informasi, pandemik COVID 19, depresi, cemas, stres