Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the treatment of upper GIT disorders

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most prescribed medication classes and have similar efficacy between generic and brand names. PPIs are used for treatment upper GIT disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methods: A cross sectional study conducted randomly on pharmacies, patients and Doctors to collect a data regarding the effectiveness and safely use of PPI through predesigned questionnaire containing information about dosage, types, side effect, effectiveness and safety of PPIs. The collected data was analysis by using Chi-square for determine the significant differences at α < 0.05. Result: The result of present study revealed numbers of points in which the questionnaire were intended for pharmacies, patients and doctors knowledge, effectiveness and safety of PPIs. The data gathered from pharmacy shown PPI dispensed without prescription (P< 0.05) in dose of 20 mg of omeprazole and for treatment of gastritis, stomachache and on medication use (P< 0.05). No side effect or any problem, safe, and effective of PPIs was from patients seeking PPIs to the drug dispensers. Furthermore, questionnaire for patients whom seeking treatment shown some similarity to pharmacies answers, however lack the knowledge about side effect of PPIs, and PPIs withdraw among patients. PPIs was found to be used by patients due to the advices of friends (P< 0.05). The last part in this study was doctors involved in which some common similarity were also identified between doctors, patients and pharmacies responses. Although, Doctors responses were revealed that PPIs should be used by prescription in single dose of common types of PPIs (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Due to the short time use of PPIs have been reported. This study suggested that, even no side effect and highly effective of PPIs reported, the PPIs should be monitoring and use under prescription.

Round Trip Time of Network Cables: A Comparative Analysis

This experimental research study was conducted to compare the round-trip time of commonly used network cables among Internet Cafés in Estancia, Iloilo. Specifically, it focused on the brand names of network cable and the distance of cable from the access point to remote terminal. This study attempted to determine whether there was no significant difference among cables which differs from their brand names and distances. The research instrument used in gathering the data was the researchers-made survey form which was submitted to the three panels of experts for face validation before the instrument was given to Internet Cafe Owner’s and computer stores in the Municipality of Estancia. The statistical tools used were the frequency counts, percentages, rank, arithmetic mean, and chi-square. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the round-trip time between brands of network cables when tested at long and short distances from access point to remote terminal. It was found out that there was no significant difference in the overall round-trip time between brands of network cables when tested at long, medium, and short distances from access point to remote terminal. This simply showed that Internet Cafés can make use of any brand available in the market because they perform the same. However, among the three brands being tested it was also revealed that the best brand of network cables in terms of round-trip time was the Belden.

PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET ASSORTMENT RESEARCH OF DRUGS FOR VAGINAL USE WITH PROBIOTIC MEDICINES DETAILING

vaginal route delivery of drugs is an integral part of gynaecological diseases treatment including different genesis vulvovaginitis. The aim of this study it to analyze Ukrainian pharmaceutical market assortment of drugs for vaginal use with probiotic medicines determination. The marketing research was conducted with using of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, content-analysis, statistical, graphical methods. The data of State register of medicines (as of June, 30, 2021), register of wholesale dispensing prices for medicines (as of June, 30, 2021), official web-sites LLC «Morion», «Pharmacy.online», «Compendium.online» were used as objects of the study. As a result, it is determined that as of June 30, 2021 142 medicines for vaginal use are registered on Ukrainian pharmaceutical market with dosage forms, active substances doses, condition for dispensing consideration, 100 brand names, 26 international nonproprietary names, 7 synonymous names. Structural ATC-classification analysis has shown that medicines for vaginal use are included in ATC-groups G «Genito urinary system and sex hormones» and D «Dermatologicals» The assortment macrocontour is formed, it demonstrates that 67,2% of drugs for vaginal use are involved in group G01A «Аntiinfectives and antiseptics, excluding combinations with corticosteroids». More than 80% of drugs for vaginal use are registered as solid dosage forms, and almost half of them as suppositories or pessaries. Almost 65% of medicines are foreign, and 3/4 of them contain only active substance, more than 50% are prescription only medicines. For 44,4% drugs for vaginal use the storage period of 3 years (36 months) is determined. Detailing analysis of medicines with probiotic activity has shown assortment deficiency (only 3 brand names are registered). The liquidity coefficients calculations for this brand manes don’t allow to characterize these drugs as economically affordable. The obtained results of this study inform about the domestic drugs for vaginal use with probiotic activity development relevance, especially in pessaries as dominant dosage form on the pharmaceutical market.

Normalizing a new language hierarchy: Event names in post-Soviet urban space

Naming practices not only reveal ideological contestation in a particular community, but also contribute to the discursive construction of a new social reality. However, the transformative role of naming practices as a semiotic resource for reimagining language hierarchy has been overlooked. This socio-onomastics study aims to explore shifting ideological premises and semiotic mechanisms of normalizing a new language hierarchy in post-Soviet urban space. In doing so, the study diachronically examines naming practices of choosing and using event names, which are more fluid and often short-lived in comparison to other names such as toponyms, anthroponyms or brand names. The study analyses 1246 unique event names mentioned in a local Russian-language newspaper Вечерний Алматы (Vechernii Almaty) over the period of time from 1989 to 2019. The results show a decrease in the use of Russian for name production. Further examination reveals a steady increase in non-integrated event names in Kazakh and English in Russian-language newspaper texts; there are few examples of translation and transliteration, no examples of transcription or loanwords in more recent texts. Our comparison shows that in the context of the multilingual Almaty transgressing the purist norms of standard Russian has become a new norm. We argue that these new local strategies of naming and using names are a semiotic mechanism of domination; they work to normalize a new language hierarchy where the Russian language is no longer the only dominant code of the public and official domain. Our account adds to the discussion of the discursive power of naming in challenging dominant language practices.

Competitive Poaching in Search Advertising: Two Randomized Field Experiments

Keyword searches with brand names enable firms to generate traffic from search advertising by bidding not only on their own keywords but also on competitors’ keywords. The strategy of bidding on competitors’ keywords, known as competitive poaching, presents unique opportunities for practitioners. This study examines factors that influence the effectiveness of competitive poaching. We collected data from two randomized field experiments, one with a business school in the Northeastern United States and the other one with a leading automobile dealership company, where these firms bid on keywords of competing brands and randomly display different types of ad copies in the sponsored search listings. We find that, when poaching on keywords of high-quality brands, ad copies that feature vertical differentiation through quality signals are more effective than the control ad copies that do not convey any differentiation or prescriptive messages. We also find that when poaching from low-quality brands, ad copies featuring horizontal differentiation through nonquality attributes perform better than the control ad copies. Finally, the presence of the poached brand’s own ad has a positive association with the ad effectiveness of the poaching brand when that poached brand is high quality and a negative association when the poached brand is low quality.

Snack Names In China

Previous studies of snack names have focused on their psychological impact on consumers in different cultures but have tended to ignore their onomastic features. This study helps to address this gap based on a corpus of 121 snack names extracted from the book Chinese Famous Local Delicious Food and Special Products. This study explores the patterns of syllables, sounds, and name types of snack names compiled in this small-scale corpus. In this investigation, it was found that descriptive names were the dominant type in the corpus and the most frequently described type feature was the food ingredient. Interestingly, metaphorical names in the corpus were in general found to be related to shape similarities. Contrary to previous findings on dish names and drinking brand names in China, the snack names examined in this corpus showed a preference for three-syllable patterns and “light” or “flat” tones. After discussing these and other findings of this research, this paper discusses what insights this study may provide for other name investigations that utilize corpus linguistic approaches.

Factors Influencing Large Real Estate Companies’ Competitiveness: A Sustainable Development Perspective

Strict policy control and real estate market downturn affects large-scale real estate enterprises performance. We surveyed large Chinese real estate enterprises and the internal factors that affect their competitiveness. Verified by the hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling approach, the results mainly show that profitability, capital ability, management and operation ability, human resource ability, brand name, and innovation ability play positive roles in the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. Management and operation ability plays an intermediary role between human resources and the improvement of competitiveness. Real estate enterprises’ capital sources play an intermediary role between brand names and the improvement of competitiveness. Moreover, landbank area and quality and sales are three major factors that impact the competitiveness improvement of real estate enterprises, while the ability for marketing innovation and the payment collection of enterprises has a relatively small impact. All in all, this paper provides practical implications concerning factors that affect the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. The findings are helpful to improve the sustainable development of real estate enterprises in the future. As research on factors that affect large-scale real estate enterprises is scarce, this study aims to fill this gap.