Oral carcinoma cuniculatum: an unacquainted entity with diagnostic challenges—a case report

Background Oral carcinoma cuniculatum (OCC) is an unacquainted well-differentiated subtype of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which displays unique clinic-pathological features. Up to date, OCC remains rare with about 75 reported cases, and is frequently missed or even misdiagnosed. Case presentation The aim of the present work was: to report a case of OCC in mandibular gingiva and to highlight its main clinic-pathological diagnostic features: with an exophytic cobble-stone surface and a characteristic endophytic burrowing architecture, as well as to differentiate between it and other closely similar lesions including verrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma, and well-differentiated conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions An accurate diagnosis of OCC entails awareness of the clinicians and pathologists about its entity, proper knowledge of the diagnostic clinical and histopathological evidence, and the ability to differentiate it from closely similar lesions.

Ocnogyna mooseri, a new peculiar species from Libya (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

A new species of the genus Ocnogyna Graslin, [1837], O. mooseri sp. n. is described from north-eastern Libya. The female of the new species is fully winged but differs from all known species groups of Ocnogyna in a number of diagnostic features and is also externally reminiscent of Tajigyna gansoni Dubatolov, 1990 endemic to Tajikistan. The diagnostic comparison is made with the North African Ocnogyna advena (Fabricius, 1787) having externally similar males but brachypterous females and to the externally dissimilar Ocnogyna parasita (Hübner, 1790) species group having the most similar female genitalia structures.

A Review of Blastomycosis in Indian Subcontinent

This study traces the earliest cases of blastomycosis reported from India. Four authentic cases of blastomycosis from India including one each from Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, and one each from Bangladesh and Nepal, and five misdiagnosed cases have been reported in India after 2013. The clinical and diagnostic features of all cases are reviewed. The authentic cases from India originate from widespread locations in the country. The incidence of blastomycosis in dogs is known to be eight to ten times higher than that in humans. There is only one case of canine blastomycosis from India manifesting as a fatal pulmonary infection in a Mongrel dog. It is suggested additional canine cases should be looked for in different parts of India to facilitate the detection of endemic foci of B. dermatitidis for human and animal infections in the country. Mycological investigation of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis negative for culture and AFBs mear, and not responding to anti-tubercular therapy may reveal some cases of blastomycosis. A recently developed real-time PCR for identification of B. dermatitidis in culture and tissue may facilitate correct diagnosis of blastomycosis in suspected cases. Antigen testing in urine or serum is also recommended for diagnosing clinical infection and monitoring antifungal therapy in blastomycosis.

Cell adhesion strength and tractions are mechano-diagnostic features of cellular invasiveness

The adhesion of cells to substrates occurs via integrin clustering and binding to the actin cytoskeleton. Oncogenes modify anchorage-dependent mechanisms in cells during cancer progression. Fluid shear devices provide a label-free, non-invasive way to characterize cell-substrate interactions and heterogeneities in the cell populations. We quantified the critical adhesion strengths of MCF7, MDAMB-231, A549, HPL1D, HeLa, and NIH3T3 cells using a custom fluid shear device. The detachment response was sigmoidal for each cell type. A549 and MDAMB-231 cells had significantly lower adhesion strengths at τ50 than their non-invasive counterparts, HPL1D and MCF7. Detachment dynamics was inversely correlated with cell invasion potentials. A theoretical model, based on τ50 values and the distribution of cell areas on substrates, provided good fits to data from de-adhesion experiments. Quantification of cell tractions, using the Reg-FTTC method on 10 kPa polyacrylamide gels, showed highest values for invasive, MDAMB-231 and A549, cells compared to non-invasive cells. Immunofluorescence studies show differences in vinculin distributions: non-invasive cells have distinct vinculin puncta, whereas invasive cells have more dispersed distributions. The cytoskeleton in non-invasive cells was devoid of well-developed stress fibers, and had thicker cortical actin bundles in the boundary. These correlations in adhesion strengths with cell invasiveness, demonstrated here, may be useful in cancer diagnostics and other pathologies featuring misregulation in adhesion.

Morphology and Anatomy of Leaf, Stem and Petiole of Luvunga crassifolia Tanaka (Rutaceae)

Luvunga crassifolia is an underutilized plant in the Citrus family. Other than brief morphological descriptions, there are no published reports on other identification features of this plant. Thus, the current study was aimed to investigate macroscopic and microscopic diagnostic features of L. crassifolia leaves, stems, and petioles. Macroscopic characterization, optimization of histological procedure, and histochemical analyses of differential stains were carried out on the leaves, stems, and petioles of L. crassifolia. The histological method was optimized by modifying the following parameters: number of fixation days, dehydration duration with degraded series of ethanol or butanol, clearing duration, and infiltration duration. After infiltration, embedding and sectioning of the tissues were performed. Histochemical analyses were carried out using differential stains to identify the cellular components in leaf, stem and, petiole tissue sections. This study showed that L. crassifolia leaves are amphistomatic. Pellucid dots were observed on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Secretory cavities, xylem, phloem, and pericyclic fibers were found in the cross-sections of leaf, stem, and petiole. Calcium oxalates were present in the leaf and stem sections, while trichomes were detected in stem and petiole sections. The information obtained from this study will be helpful for the identification and future taxonomic-related studies of this plant species.

Systematic review of the firefly genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from China

The Luciolinae genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 is reviewed. Firefly species tree is reconstructed based upon phylogenetic analysis of CO1 barcoding sequences from 42 fireflies and 2 outgroup species, including three main Lampyridae sub-families: Luciolinae, Photurinae and Lampyrinae. The genus Emeia belongs to Luciolinae based on morphological and DNA sequence level evidences, the diagnostic features for male adults include pink-red pronotum with a black median stripe, subparallel-sided pronotum, un-developed elytral humeral carina. In this study, a new Emeia species,Emeia pulchra sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the wetland of Lishui, Zhejiang, China. The new species is sister to E. pseudosauteri in the Emeia genus which is supported by characteristic morphological features and DNA barcoding data. The two species are separated geographically as shown on the distribution map. A key to the males of the species of Emeia is also provided.

On formation of padder syndrome

Edematous syndrome is most common among patients of older age groups and indicates pathology on the part of such organ systems as cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, lymphatic, endocrine. The causes of edema are diverse, and the tactics of further management due to incorrect justification can lead to serious consequences.The purpose of this study. To study the prevalence and differential diagnostic features of edematous syndrome based on the analysis of current scientific publications containing information on this topic.Results. The development of edematous syndrome is caused by a number of factors, the main of which are: hydrodynamic factor, osmotic factor, oncotic pressure, membranogenic factor. Despite the fact that edematous syndrome is associated with many diseases, it has specific differential diagnostic signs for each pathology.Conclusions. Edema is a visible objective symptom and is a root cause factor of various diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, thrombophlebitis, filariasis, cirrhosis, chronic heart failure, shock, allergic, inflammatory conditions and many others. However, with the help of specific clinical features of the symptoms of this syndrome, it is possible to make a differential diagnosis and determine the underlying disease that led to the formation of edematous syndrome.

ESTIMATION OF THE DEFECT HAZARD CLASS IN BUILDING STRUCTURES: A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Technical condition monitoring of building structures located on hazardous facilities is a necessary requirement for their sustainable functioning. In this regard, the problem of development intellectual monitoring systems that allow to detect and classify operating defects by the hazardous level becomes very urgent. The study presents an approach of building decision support system (DSS) for detecting defects in building structures and estimation of their hazard class. Proposed approach is based on multi-criteria assessment of consecutive measurements acquired by acoustic emission method. A distinctive characteristic of the proposed approach is the ability to take into account the evolution of defects by mapping each AE time-series to diagnostic features matrix and analysing these matrices in sliding windows with overlay. Each matrix is validated by two criteria that form the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence the evolving defects in building structure. They include the criterion for changing the number of clusters and the criterion for changing the acoustic emission activity. Proposed method was verified on the experimental data acquired from the technical condition monitoring of the vertical oil tanks. The results obtained fromthe experiment confirm the proposal that this approach can be utilized for effectively solving the problem of conditionalmonitoring of building structures located on the hazardous facilities allowing to detect and classify defects by theirhazardous level.

On the Taxonomic Status of the Red Icefish Channichthys rugosus (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) from the Kerguelen Islands (South Ocean)

The presented work is the final part of the taxonomic revision of the Antarctic icefishes of the genus Channichthys Richardson, 1844 (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) from the Kerguelen Islands, the species composition of which was discussed until recently. Based on the morphological study of all available specimens from the ZIN and BMNH collections (including the holotype), a comprehensive redescription of the Red icefish Channichthys rugosus Regan, 1913 from the waters of the Kerguelen islands (South Ocean) was carried out, including external morphology, seismosensory system, gill apparatus, and axial skeleton. As a result, new diagnostic features of Red icefish were discovered and previously known ones were clarified, which made it possible to confirm the species validity. Comparison with other valid species icefishes was done. Channichthys rugosus differs from Ch. rhinoceratus Richardson, 1844 by a high anterior dorsal fin, the fin membrane of which reaches the apexes of its longest rays (does not reach in Ch. rhinoceratus), as well as a narrow and concave interorbital space (compared to the wider and flat one), by stronger granulation and a uniform reddish body color (dark spotted-marble in Ch. rhinoceratus). Channichthys rugosus differs from Ch. velifer Meissner, 1972 by the number of rays in the first dorsal fin (7–9 versus 9–12) and pectoral fin (18–20 versus 20–21), the presence of bone plaques in the proximal part of the medial lateral line (absent in Ch. velifer), and monochromatic reddish body coloration (spotted in Ch. velifer). Channichthys rugosus differs from Ch. panticapaei Shandikov, 1995 by the presence of only 1 row of gill rakers on the first gill arch (2 rows in Ch. panticapaei) and by light coloration (brownish-black in Ch. panticapaei).