Scientific Tamil Lexicon: The Revelation of Cryptographic Connection Between Tamil Language and Galois Field

This paper presents a computational framework that helps enhance the confidentiality protection of communication in cybersecurity by leveraging the scientific properties of the Tamil language and the advanced encryption standard (AES). It defines a product set of vowels and consonants sounds of the Tamil language and reveals its connection to Hardy-Ramanujan prime factors and Tamil letters as a one-to-one function. It also reveals that the letters of the Tamil alphabet, combined with the digits from 1 to 9, form a Galois field of 2^8 over an irreducible polynomial of degree 8. In addition, it implements these two mathematical properties and builds an encoder for the AES algorithm to transform the Tamil texts to their hexadecimal states, and replace the pre-round transformation module of AES. It empirically shows that the Tamil-based encoder enhances the cryptographic strength of the AES algorithm at every step of its encryption flow. The cryptographic strength is measured by the runs test scores of the bit sequences of the ciphers of AES and compared with that of the English language. This modeling and simulation approach concludes that the Tamil-based encryption enhances the cryptographic strength of AES than English-based encryption.

Dual-Task Balance Training for Motor Skill Development among Children with Intelligence Quotient Discrepancy

The motor skills of people with mental disabilities are reportedly reduced compared with those of their peers. Therefore, any task incorporating both motor and cognitive skills was hypothesized to provide better motor recovery. The aim of this study is to find the effect of dual-task balance training (DTBT) on motor skill development in children of 6–13 years with intelligence quotient discrepancy (IQD) (score: 50–79). Overall, 30 individuals with mental disabilities aged 6–13 years having an IQ score of 50–79 were included. The participants were randomly divided into two groups that received dual-task training and standard balance training, respectively. IQ was measured with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, motor proficiency with the Bruininks–Oseretsky test, reaction time with COGNIBOARD, and balance with Functional Reach Test scores. Intervention was provided twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. Participants in both groups showed higher test scores in all tests after the training program. Both training programs positively affected the motor performance of the participants. The DTBT was more effective in improving balance performance than the standard balance training. DTBT is a better tool than conventional balance training for improving motor skills and balance in children of 6–13 years with IQD (score: 50–79).

Lead contamination of public drinking water and academic achievements among children in Massachusetts: a panel study

Background Public drinking water can be an important source exposure to lead, which can affect children’s cognitive development and academic performance. Few studies have looked at the impact of lead exposures from community water supplies or their impact on school achievements. We examined the association between annual community water lead levels (WLLs) and children’s academic performances at the school district level. Methods We matched the 90th percentile WLLs with the grade 3–8 standardized test scores from the Stanford Education Data Archive on Geographic School Districts by geographic location and year. We used multivariate linear regression and adjusted for urbanicity, race, socioeconomic characteristics, school district, grade, and year. We also explored potential effect measure modifications and lag effects. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, a 5 μg/L increase in 90th percentile WLLs in a GSD was associated with a 0.00684 [0.00021, 0.01348] standard deviation decrease in the average math test score in the same year. No association was found for English Language Arts. Conclusions We found an association between the annual fluctuation of WLLs and math test scores in Massachusetts school districts, after adjusting for confounding by urbanicity, race, socioeconomic factors, school district, grade, and year. The implications of a detectable effect of WLLs on academic performance even at the modest levels evident in MA are significant and timely. Persistent efforts should be made to further reduce lead in drinking water.

PELATIHAN SPEAKING BAHASA INGGRIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PLATFORM ZOOM MEETING PADA STAFF BIRO KEUANGAN BP BATAM

English is very important for communication between countries so that BP batam is a government agency that cannot be separated from developing its English language skills. LPPM Unrika's collaboration with BP Batam Finance Bureau staff in implementing online English language training during the pandemic to improve English language skills. Overall service activities are carried out in a span of 6 months (July-August 2021). The post-test results obtained a conclusion that the basic English skills of the inmates were very good with an average score of 81.8, while the lowest score was 80 and the highest score was 85. When compared to the pre-test where the lowest score was 71.6 and the highest was 80, with an average of 77.1. So the average result of the pre-test and post-test scores is 79.4, so the achievement value of BP Batam's financial bureau staff increases significantly.

Integrated Teaching: the Need of the Hour

Integration means a systemic organization of teaching matter pertaining to different disciplines coordinating delivery of the learner to give a holistic approach to medical study. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of integrated with traditional teaching. Twenty integrated and ten traditional sessions were conducted over five semesters. Duration of each session was 90 minutes. Sample sizes for integrated and traditional groups were respectively 5600 and 1400 students. Pre and post- test scores for integrated, pre and post- test scores for traditional and post-test scores for integrated and traditional teaching groups were compared. Faculty and students’ feedback were analyzed. Difference in Pre and Post-Test scores for integrated teaching was statistically highly significant. Difference in Pre and Post-Test scores in traditional teaching group, though statistically significant, was less than that observed with integrated teaching .The difference in Post-Test scores obtained in integrated and traditional teaching groups was statistically highly significant. Ninety four percent Faculties agreed that integrated teaching was an effective mode of training. Ninety percent faculties rated the program on a higher scale. Ninety five percent students liked the concept of integrated teaching. .Student-centered, patient-oriented approach is the fruitful outcome of the integrated teaching model, which will definitely help us to have a much needed “Basic Doctor.” Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.13(1) January 2022: 79-86

Can we prevent the neuroinflammation and neuroprogression produced by oxidative stress in euthymic bipolar patients, using mood stabilizers?

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with systemic toxicity, represented by changes in the biomarkers, associated with mood episodes, leading to neurological damage, which may reflect on cognitive functions and functionality, and the progression of the disease. We aimed to analyze the effect of four biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) related to oxidative stress in BD and to correlate them with cognitive functions and functionality. We studied 50 bipolar patients type I/II, in the euthymic phase, which was divided into two subgroups with 25 patients, (≤3 years and ≥10 years of diagnosis, from the first episode of mania), and 25 control patients. To analyze frontal cognitive functions and functionality, we used the tests: Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), respectively. The FAST test scores results were ≤3 years (20.63±8.21), ≥10 years (27.80±12.50), and control group (9.80±5.94), p<0.001. Changes occurred in all domains. The FAB test scores were ≤3 years (14.64±2.48), ≥10 years (12.44±2.78), and control group (15.84±1.55), p<0.001, and showed lower scores in four domains. The oxidative stress showed an increase in TBA-RS levels: ≤3 years (3.18±1.17), ≥10 years (3.01±1.03) compared to the control group (1.62±0.28), p<0.0001; and in the CAT enzyme activity we found, ≤3 years (8.10±4.18), ≥10 years (9.41±4.95), compared to the control group (3.47±0.77), p<0.0001. Even during the euthymic phase, bipolar patients showed and maintained an increase in CAT activity and lipid peroxidation with significant changes in the FAB and FAST tests in different groups of patients, demonstrating impairment in cognitive functions and functionality since disease onset.

TMS Based TOEFL Training and Try Out (TOEFL Strategy Module) for 2019 TMT Lecturers at Ambon State Polytechnic to Get Lecturer Certification

One of the requirements to pass the lecturer certification exam is to attach a TOEFL score. TOEFL itself is an abbreviation of Test of English as a Foreign Language which is used to measure how far a person's English ability is. In the various findings and field observations made, almost all lecturers who will carry out the 2019 TMT lecturer certification at the Ambon State Polytechnic have the same difficulties when they want to face the TOEFL test. Therefore, the Ambon State Polytechnic Community Service Team took the initiative to conduct TOEFL training activities for TMT 2019 lecturers so that they could overcome their difficulties on the TOEFL test by using modules compiled by the team. The results of this service activity show that the English language skills possessed by the lecturers have increased after the training. This can be seen from their pre-test and post-test scores. It is hoped that after going through this activity, they can test their abilities by carrying out the TOEFL test and can penetrate lecturer certification.