Social familiarity improves fast-start escape performance in schooling fish

Using social groups (i.e. schools) of the tropical damselfish Chromis viridis, we test how familiarity through repeated social interactions influences fast-start responses, the primary defensive behaviour in a range of taxa, including fish, sharks, and larval amphibians. We focus on reactivity through response latency and kinematic performance (i.e. agility and propulsion) following a simulated predator attack, while distinguishing between first and subsequent responders (direct response to stimulation versus response triggered by integrated direct and social stimulation, respectively). In familiar schools, first and subsequent responders exhibit shorter latency than unfamiliar individuals, demonstrating that familiarity increases reactivity to direct and, potentially, social stimulation. Further, familiarity modulates kinematic performance in subsequent responders, demonstrated by increased agility and propulsion. These findings demonstrate that the benefits of social recognition and memory may enhance individual fitness through greater survival of predator attacks.

Formation of students' value attitude to a healthy lifestyle on the basis of the concept of pedagogical incentives: a sociocultural analysis

Social and cultural realities of modern society have actualized the increase in the value of a healthy lifestyle, which gives a person some guarantees in a difficult situation of environmental, socio-economic, biotechnological threats. In this regard, one of the priority tasks of the modern education system is preservation and strengthening of the younger generation's health. Students belong to a socially unprotected group. Therefore, the issues of preserving, strengthening and forming a value attitude to health is one of the most important problems of modernity. The education system, being the basis for the stabilization and development of the social structure, must ensure the formation of a personality with certain needs that will contribute to health preservation. Today, the number of students leading a sedentary lifestyle and subject to such bad habits as smoking, drinking alcohol, etc. remains stable. The article discusses the problem of social stimulation of the formation of students' value attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, analyzes approaches to basic concepts. These include «incentive», «social stimulation», «pedagogical stimulation», «health», «healthy lifestyle». Also, the principles of activity of university teachers on the formation of students' value attitude to a healthy lifestyle have been determined.

Cognitive Functioning and Socioeconomic Status across the Early Life Course

To date, analysis of the social determinants of cognitive health among younger adults is scant, especially in the US context. This study set out to test the extent to which established models of life-course health development are able to explain the reciprocal relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive functioning from childhood through young adulthood. To do this, we used data from a nationally representative sample followed prospectively from adolescence through young adulthood that included information on SES and cognitive functioning at multiple points across the early life course. Additionally, this study aimed to expand these models by directly testing the role of occupational mental and social stimulation in influencing young-adulthood cognitive functioning. We did this by using linked occupational data that specifically measured job-task mental and social stimulation. Ultimately, our findings indicate an interwoven relationship between life-course SES, occupational characteristics, and cognition functioning across adolescence and young adulthood.

COVID-19: implications of self-isolation and social distancing for the emotional and behavioural health of dogs

As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the world, governments are taking unprecedented steps to achieve control and reduction of its affects. Although the potential mental and behavioural health challenges of social isolation for the human population has been widely discussed within the media, less has been said of the concurrent challenges faced by the companion animals that are also experiencing the regulations associated with ‘lock-down’ and ‘self-isolation’. This article considers the immediate consequences for dogs of reduced access to environmental and social stimulation outside the home and increased social exposure within the home, as well as considering some of the potential long-term effects of such measures.

PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, KEPEMIMPINAN, STIMULASI SOSIAL DAN KERJA SERTA KONDISI KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN DI RUMAH SAKIT BAPTIS BATU

This study aims to 1) analyze the effect of variable compensation, leadership style, social stimulation and work, and working conditions on employee job satisfaction at Baptist Hospital Batu and 2) to analyze which variables among these factors are the dominant influence on employee job satisfaction Baptist Hospital in BatuThe results showed that the variable compensation, leadership style, social stimulation and work, and working conditions have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction at Baptist Hospital Batu. So suitability salary with the duties and responsibilities, leadership style conformity with the will of employees, high social stimulation and employment and good working conditions will lead to increased job satisfaction of employees at Baptist Hospital Batu.Compensation is an important variable dominant influence on employee job satisfaction at Baptist Hospital Batu, thereby achieving job satisfaction is determined more by the high compensation in the form of conformity salaries received by employees with job responsibilities, as well as the amount of salary received as compared with the type and responsibilities same responsibilities elsewhere.

Plasticity and Adult Neurogenesis in Amphibians and Reptiles: More Questions than Answers

Studies of the relationship between behavioral plasticity and new cells in the adult brain in amphibians and reptiles are sparse but demonstrate that environmental and hormonal variables do have an effect on the amount of cell proliferation and/or migration. The variables that are reviewed here are: enriched environment, social stimulation, spatial area use, season, photoperiod and temperature, and testosterone. Fewer data are available for amphibians than for reptiles, but for both groups many issues are still to be resolved. It is to be hoped that the questions raised here will generate more answers in future studies.