THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF RAILWAY SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

The article discusses the issues of introducing innovative technologies into the railway management system. The object of the study is the efficiency of management of railway systems. The subject of the research is innovative technologies and their impact on the effectiveness of railway systems management. The purpose of the work is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the impact of innovations on the efficiency of railway systems management and, using the example of large foreign railway systems, to determine the main factors of innovation efficiency. The scientific novelty of the presented work lies in the analysis of foreign experience in the development of effective management tools for railway systems in the context of innovation. The paper concludes that the future of the railway industry directly depends on the degree of its digitalization and technologization, the introduction of intelligent transport systems and active integration into the global space of innovative development.

Productivity of pastures of Western Kazakhstan as affected by the method they are used

Деградация земель стала глобальной проблемой в высокоразвитых индустриальных странах и странах с низким уровнем дохода. Решение проблемы деградации пастбищ может привести к снижению бедности населения и повышению уровня связывания углерода на пастбищах. Процесс управления пастбищными ресурсами Западного Казахстана усложняется из-за ухудшения растительного покрова с проявлением процессов деградации и опустынивания в результате бессистемного выпаса скота. В статье представлены результаты изучения организации сезонных пастбищ посредством использования отгонного участка с целью сохранения показателей фитомассы и повышения эффективности использования пастбищ. Исследования проводились в условиях пастбищных угодий крестьянского хозяйства «Мирас» в полупустынной зоне Западного Казахстана. Исследования позволили доказать эффективность сезонной организации пастбищного хозяйства с использованием отгонного участка. В летний период на сезонных пастбищах отмечено увеличение численности и встречаемости ценных пастбищных растений Kochia prostrata, Agropyron desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Leymus ramosus, Koeleria cristata. На отгонном участке песчаных пастбищ установлены 23 вида растений разных хозяйственно-ботанических групп, благодаря природным условиям песков в фитоценозе встречаемость ценных растений в кормовом отношении высокая. К середине лета на участке сезонного и отгонного пастбища, несмотря на выпадение из состава растительности представителей разнотравья и высыхание злаков, урожайность зелёной фитомассы составила 0,81–1,03 т/га, что больше по сравнению с участком использования бессистемного выпаса на 0,43–0,64 т/га. В этой работе сделан вывод, что для повышения эффективности управления пастбищными ресурсами важно использовать сезонные пастбища с включением в пастбищеоборот отгонного участка, в чём и заключается научная новизна исследований. Land degradation is a serious problem worldwide. Improvement of soil fertility is able to increase a life quality in many countries and carbon sequestration in grassland systems. Management of pasture resources in Western Kazakhstan is getting harder due to the deterioration of plant cover, soil degradation and desertification as a result of unsystematic grazing. This article reports on seasonal pastures used as distant pastures in order to maintain phytomass properties and optimize grazing system. The research was conducted at the farm “Miras” in the semi-desert of Western Kazakhstan. This investigation proved the effectiveness of seasonal distant pastures. In summer valuable plant species such as Kochia prostrata, Agropyron desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Leymus ramosus, Koeleria cristata often occur on seasonal pastures. 23 plant species of different economic and botanical groups have been observed on sandy soil of distant pastures. Due to the natural growth conditions the occurrence of valuable plants was high in phytocenoses. By the middle of summer, the yield of green mass amounted to 0.81–1.03 t ha-1 at seasonal pastures regardless of the loss of some plant species. This was 0.43–0.64 t ha-1 higher than in the area of unsystematic grazing. To optimize pasture resources’ management seasonal distant areas are of great value.

Undergraduate Certificate in Equine Science and Management

Iowa State University offers undergraduate certificates to demonstrate completion of a focused study in a specialized area. The certificate has the significant benefit of allowing students to customize their curriculum and document an approved course of study. An Equine Science and  Management Certificate is offered within the Animal Science Department at Iowa State University. The certificate requirements are organized to correspond with faculty and employer-defined needs for a successful transition from student to equine industry professional.  The Equine Science and  Management certificate will integrate technical topics in animal science with practical considerations in enterprise management. Two critical components to the certificate are the capstone Equine Systems Management course and a required internship in equine science and management. Students that complete the certificate will have the background to identify and address challenges in modern equine enterprises. Further, the certificate assists employers in identifying students that have shown the interest, discipline, and ability to complete this specialized study program. 

HEALTH SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN GEORGIA

The article discusses and evaluates Health systems management and financial sustainability in Georgian Health Institutions, also provides the analyses of the state of health care in the conditions of Georgia. Improving and further developing the primary health care system is crucial to controlling the financial sustainability and growth costs of the health care system, including increasing funding and access to funding, and strengthening the role of the planned outpatient sector - family physician, As well as effective management of patients with chronic diseases. Activating the role of the physician, thus enabling the early detection of various diseases, as well as the effective management of patients with chronic diseases. At the same time, we consider a significant increase in funding for medicines, which will reduce the aggravation of a number of diseases at the level of inpatient treatment, thus saving considerable financial resources in the universal program, which is spent in the inpatient sector, and also improves public health.