Anticipation, Simultaneity/Consecutivity and Distinctive Features in Phonology

The notion of distinctive features has had a firm position in phonology since the time of the Prague Linguistic Circle and especially that of one of its representatives, Roman Jakobson, whose well-known delimitation of a phoneme as “a bundle of distinctive features” (Jakobson, 1962, p. 421), that is, a set of simultaneous distinctive features, has inspired many scholars. Jakobson’s attempt “to analyse the distribution of distinctive features along two axes: that of simultaneity and that of successiveness” (ibid., p. 435) helped cover several phonetic and/or phonological processes and phenomena. Distinctive features, although theoretical constructs (Giegerich, 1992, p. 89), reflect phonetic, that is, articulatory and acoustic, properties of sounds. In the flow of speech, some features tend to influence the neighbouring phonemes. Sometimes speech organs produce something that the brain just ‘plans’ to produce (anticipatory speech errors). There are situations where it seems as if the successive organization of phonemes went hand in hand with the simultaneous nature of certain articulatory characteristics of those phonemes (the transgression of consonants and inherence of vowels in Romportl’s theory), or the given feature seems to be anticipated by the preceding segment. This is the case with nasalization and/or anticipatory coarticulation, as well as regressive (anticipatory) assimilation. In addition, simultaneity/consecutivity is a decisive criterion for the difference between the so-called complex segments, as specified in Feature Geometry, and simple segments (Duanmu, 2009). Moreover, the phonological opposition of simultaneity- successivity (that is, consecutivity) itself functions as a feature making a difference between segmental and suprasegmental elements in the sound system of a language, as was first mentioned by Harris (1944), later indicated by Jakobson (1962) and then fully developed by Sabol (2007, 2012).

Spread Spectrum Sound with TDMA and INS Hybrid Navigation System for Indoor Environment

Indoor navigation plays an essential role in agricultural robots that operate in greenhouses. One of the most effective methods for indoor navigation is the spread spectrum sound (SS-sound) system. In this system, the time of arrival (ToA) of the spread spectrum modulated sound is used for localization. However, there is a near-far problem. Transmitting the SS-sound from multiple anchors using time division multiple access (TDMA) is adequate to solve the near-far problem. However, localization is impossible because the ToA from multiple anchors cannot be simultaneously acquired. To solve this problem, a method for combining the SS-sound system with TDMA and an inertial navigation system is proposed in this study. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through numerical simulations of a ground robot and experimentally using a crawler robot.

Modeling Heritage Language Phonetics and Phonology: Toward an Integrated Multilingual Sound System

Although heritage language phonology is often argued to be fairly stable, heritage language speakers often sound noticeably different from both monolinguals and second-language learners. In order to model these types of asymmetries, I propose a theoretical framework—an integrated multilingual sound system—based on modular representations of an integrated set of phonological contrasts. An examination of general findings in laryngeal (voicing, aspiration, etc.) phonetics and phonology for heritage languages shows that procedures for pronouncing phonemes are variable and plastic, even if abstract may representations remain stable. Furthermore, an integrated multilingual sound system predicts that use of one language may require a subset of the available representations, which illuminates the mechanisms that underlie phonological transfer, attrition, and acquisition.

Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior in three-star hotels: mediating role of leader-member exchange, knowledge sharing and voice behavior

Purpose Different leadership styles are used to make innovations in organizations. So, a sound system of social exchanges has always been a need in this dynamic and technological world to challenge organizational problems. Drawing on the social exchange theory, this study aims to empirically investigate the mediating relationship of a set of social exchanges, e.g. leader-member exchange (L.M.X.), knowledge sharing behavior (K.S.B.) and voice behavior (V.B.), between transformational leadership (T.L) and innovative work behavior (I.W.B). Particularly, it explores the best social exchange behavior between T.L and I.W.B that plays a highly constructive role in the innovativeness of the hospitality industry in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The study targeted 403 frontline employees from hotels situated near Swat Valley, Pakistan. The study used a quantitative approach by using a convenient sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was run by using Smart partial least square 3.3.3 to test the proposed model. Findings The research supported that T.L significantly influenced I.W.B via a L.M.X., K.S.B. and V.B. T.L did not directly and significantly influence I.W.B so, there were full mediations between T.L and I.W.B. Specifically, knowledge-sharing behavior played a highly constructive role in innovativeness. Research limitations/implications The study targeted frontline employees from one place, Swat valley; however, data collection from different tourist places may generalize the results based on social exchanges and innovative behavior. A dyadic interaction between top-level and middle-level management may closely trace the innovative ideas among the employees. Practical implications The study found knowledge sharing to be a highly effective mechanism that supports employee innovation more than a L.M.X. and V.B. As a result, the managers should establish a sound system of knowledge sharing, which means a knowledge economy so that employees innovativeness can be boosted and promoted. Originality/value The present study was the first study in the hotel industry of Pakistan that reveals a highly effective mediating mechanism: K.S.B., which exists with T.L to increase workers’ innovativeness highly.

The Capability in Pronouncing the English Final Consonant Clusters by the English Department Students, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University

This study attempts to describe the ability of the English Department students, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University in pronouncing English final consonant clusters. Consonant clusters are groups of consonants that can occur initia lly (onset) and finally (coda) in the syllable structure. The features of consonant clusters in each language are highly dependent on the language itself. In English, the number of consonants at the beginning of a syllable can be up to three such as: structure /strʌktʃə/, spring /sprIŋ/, while the number of consonants that forms a cluster in the coda can be up to four as in sixths /siksθs/, texts /teksθs/. While, Consonant clusters in Indonesian and Balinese as the mother tongue of students are very limited in number and only exist initially in the words. This difference, obviously, creates problems for students in pronouncing English words containing these consonant clusters The knowledge of the English sound system is taught in the English phonetic and phonemic course in the fifth semester at the English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University. This study examined the ability to pronounce consonant clusters by the second semester students who have not taken English Phonetic and Phonemic courses to be compared with student s who have taken the course, so that it can be seen to what extent the course can change students’ performance in pronouncing the consonant clusters. This research is descriptive qualitative research, supported by quantitative data. The research population was 20 second semester students and 20 sixth semester students randomly taken. The research instrument was a list of English words containing consonant clusters and questionnaires. The data collection technique was done through recording, and the data were analyzed descriptive qualitatively and presented formally and informally.

Impact of COVID-19 on education sector in Uttarakhand

COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the whole education system across the world. Approximately 2 billion students have been impacted due to the closures of school, colleges and universities in the context to corona virus pandemic at the mid of May 2020. In context to the problems due to COVID-19 pandemic, experienced by the people, having close association with the education sector, the research is conducted to determine the impact of COVID-19 on education sector in Uttarakhand. Collection of data was done with the help of self structured questionnaire and it was distributed to 186 respondents of colleges and universities of Uttarakhand. Questionnaire was prepared in a Google-form. Collection of data was done with the help of convenience sampling method. In order to extract the factors from my study ie. “Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education sector in Uttarakhand”, exploratory factor analysis is used. Data analysis is done with the help of SPSS and Microsoft Excel.The extracted factors in this study were Rise in unemployment, Online learning will act as a critical lifeline for education Salary, payment to the employees irrespective of their capability, Lack of technological knowledge to access the online learning method, Requirement of technically sound system.

Preface

Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF) 2021, Universitas Negeri Surabaya on New Adaptations in Physics Learning and Research to Realize an Independent Learning Program Dwikoranto, A Zainuddin, B K Prahani, N P Putri, N A Lestari, U A Deta* Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected] We want to present the National Physics Seminar or Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF 2021), entitled New Adaptations in Physics Learning and Research to Realize an Independent Learning Program. SNF 2021 took place virtually by using the ZOOM meeting because of the COVID-19 pandemic. As we know, the Covid-19 pandemic has harmed almost all areas of life, including education, especially universities. SNF 2021 organized by the Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya-Surabaya on October 18, 2021. In general, there are two sessions, namely plenary and parallel. The plenary session was given to three keynote speakers: (1) Prof. Dr. Heri Sutanto, M.Si. (09.40-10.10 AM), (2) Dr. Asnawi, M.Si. (10.10-10.40 AM), (3) Prof. Dr. Budi Jatmiko, M.Pd. (10.40-11.10) which ends with a Q&A session (11.10-11.40 AM). Parallel session is for authors who present their papers and is carried out in eight groups of breakout rooms (1.00-4.00 PM). As a scientific forum, the SNF 2021 is attended by 217 participants from students, teachers, lecturers, engineers, and practitioners who participate either as presenters or as participants. The SNF 2021 main aim is to share ideas and knowledge and build collaboration with each other. We received 56 papers that will be selected to be published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series with the scope of physics and its related area. In this volume, we accept 32 papers for publication after meeting the scope, checking originality, and performing peer review. The technology needed to deliver the meeting successfully is zoom meeting, laptop, sound system, Wi-Fi (internet signal source), and the backup of electrical power. In this particular case, we have two times electricity outages (± 3 minutes). It is not a big problem because we have the backup of electricity and internet signal. We are hoping that the event will become a foothold of thinking in welcoming global developments. In addition, publications packaged in this seminar will further strengthen the existence and reputation of the physics department as an educational institution that excels in scientific publication at national and international levels. The results of these studies need to be disseminated so that they are scientifically helpful and provide practical value for the community. The organizing and editorial committee of the SNF 2021 hopes you enjoy reading this volume of the JPCS. Besides, we would like to fully respect keynote speakers and all the presenters for providing their valuable contributions for this proceeding and the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and criticism aiding to improve the presented articles. We, on behalf of the committee of the SNF 2021, would like to thank all parties for their participation in supporting this publication. We want to invite the participants back to participate in SNF 2022, which will be held by the Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. List of Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF) Unesa 2021 Committee, Documentations of SNF Unesa 2021 are available in this pdf.

STRATEGI GURU AGAMA HINDU DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN MINAT BELAJAR EKSTRAKURIKULER TARI PADA SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai strategi guru agama Hindu dalam mempertahankan minat belajar ekstrakurikuler tari pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 117 Cendana Putih II. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi nonpartisipan, wawancara bebas terpimpin dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa proses pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler tari berlangsung dalam tiga proses, yaitu pertama, proses awal menyiapkan sound system, mengucapkan doa, mendata jumlah siswa yang hadir, kemudian melakukan pemanasan; kedua, proses inti yaitu membagi kelompok pada masing-masing siswa, kemudian melakukan latihan secara bergiliran pada masing-masing kelompok; dan ketiga, proses akhir yaitu mengucapkan doa penutup, terakhir merapikan sound system. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam mempertahankan minat belajar ekstrakurikuler tari yaitu: pertama, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana; kedua kurangnya tenaga pelatih; ketiga, kurangnya tenaga perias pada saat pementasan; keempat, siswa yang sulit diatur (nakal); kelima, kurangnya penguasaan beberapa tarian. Sebagai upaya mengatasa kendala yang ada, strategi yang digunakan guru dalam mempertahankan minat belajar ekstrakurikuler tari yaitu: pertama, latihan di halaman sekolah dan meminta bantuan orang tua dalam melengkapi pakaian pementasan; kedua, meminta bantuan tenaga siswa dalam melatih; ketiga, meminta bantuan orang tua dalam mempersiapkan pementasan siswa; keempat, mengganti cara belajar; dan kelima, memberikan bimbingan latihan secara khusus kepada siswa kelas enam.