Local Governance Platforms: Roles and Relations of City Governments, Citizens, and Businesses

This article analyses the dynamics of local platform governance with special regard to the roles and relations of city governments, citizens, and local businesses. We approach the subject through five Finnish platforms in which city governments are actively involved. This multiple case study shows that city governments tend to adopt a facilitative and enabling role on the platforms. They seek to create value by utilizing skills, knowledge, and resources of local communities in different kinds of co-creation processes. Local platform governance brings added value to innovation and urban vitality by utilizing multiple roles of citizens, businesses, and other local stakeholders.

Smart Place Making Through Digital Communication and Citizen Engagement

The disruptive growth of new information technologies is transforming the dynamics of citizen communication and engagement in the urban context. In order to create new, smart, inclusive, and transparent urban environments, the city governments of London and Madrid have implemented a series of innovative digital applications and citizen communication channels. Through a case study approach, this research assesses the best practices in the field of digital communication and citizen engagement implemented by London and Madrid, with a particular focus on the profile, content, and functions of these new channels. The results of this research are intended to identify relevant new dynamics of interaction and value co-creation for cities and their residents.

A City for Smart Technology Transformation

The main purpose of this chapter is to present how a smart city is governed, managed, and operated. It describes smart city governance and identifies the special relation the government of the city would have with the citizens as well as communities. In addition, governance considerations related to operations are described, including critical city government challenges. The second important topic in this chapter is the City-Citizens Relations highlighting urban growth, needed investments, and role of smart technologies in the city development. In addition, other issues include strategic goals of smart cities, strategic framework for city governments, and financing smart city projects.

Sustainability of Smart Cities

The issue of sustainability of smart cities is approached in this chapter from two different angles: dimensions sector-specific and city governance. Following a short review of smart city sectors, emphasis is placed on the concept of smart governance of cities. The concept of smart governance is reviewed especially regarding cooperation with city governments of other cities within the region or country and empowering citizens. Different levels are presented with focus on four main conditions for smart governance, namely participation in decision-making, public and social services, transparent governance, and political strategies and perspectives. The chapter presents sustainability of smart governance through a paradigm of sustainability as an effectual model based on sustainability, wellbeing, productivity, and resilience. Finally, the chapter addresses the success criteria of sustainable smart cities regarding different aspects, such open data, agility to new technologies, cross-sectoral harmonization, and careful policy, strategy, and program alignment.

PUBLIC SECTOR INNOVATION ON COVID-19 IN SOUTH SUMATRA: CALLING FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION

On the one hand the COVID-19 pandemic is seen as a disaster that has had a massive impact on various aspects of life, but on the other hand it is considered as momentum to urge the public organizations to be more innovative and adaptive in adapting to various types of new conditions and adjustments. Many studies have explored public sector innovation, especially in normal circumstances. While studies on the public sector innovation in a critical situation have not caught much attention from academics. This study aimed to fill the gap by analyzing the public sector innovation in South Sumatra as one of the provinces with the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. There was a total of 16 innovations in this study. Content analysis was conducted to determine the types, categories, innovators, and challenges faced. The researchers found that the organizations that innovate (innovators) consisted of city governments, regency governments, provincial governments, central government representatives, and the community. Meanwhile, for the innovation category, the researchers found more innovations with types of public services and health information. The researchers also found three types of innovation categories in South Sumatra including mass/social resilience, quick response/quick wins, and public knowledge. Lastly, the challenges in implementing the innovation which includes public awareness, human resources, financial, facilities and infrastructure, and time. Academically, this study contributes to the understanding of public sector innovation in a critical situation, that innovation in such condition is an innovation that was made for pragmatic purposes and it won’t last. It is only adjusted to the situations that force people to implement physical distancing to each other.

The Prishtina strategy as a development strategy in competition with other capitals’ strategies in the South-Eastern Europe

Competitiveness is becoming more and more a regional issue-oriented to meet the needs of the economy and citizens, so economic development is essential for the survival of all cities. Economic growth, made because of an economic development plan, brings new capital to city governments by expanding the tax base to further develop as well as improve the quality of life in general. This paper aims to examine the advantages that the city of Prishtina may have in correlation with the capitals of other Southeast European countries to identify the possibilities of what different strategies and concepts have been developed and used to make a valuable crossroads and short-term and long-term effects from a cultural, economic, social and political point of view.

Efektivitas Pembuatan Kompos Dengan Aktivator EM4 dan MOL

A complicated problem for big city governments today is the increasing volume of solid waste, due to population growth and mobility so that the waste load will also increase, especially in metropolitan cities such as Makassar City. To reduce the rate of organic waste generation, which is 60%, is to use organic waste as compost, both liquid and solid. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of composting with EM4 and MOL activators. The results of the study with the addition of EM4 activator, MOL activator and without the addition of activator from the first day to the fourteenth day the compost structure was different. The addition of MOL produces a slightly coarser structure compared to the addition of EM4, while the compost without activator still smells like wet waste. The quality (C/N) of compost, the addition of 100 ml of EM4 was in the optimum level, while the addition of 100 ml of MOL was less than optimum.

Investigation of Potential Environmental Impacts and Sustainable Management of Municipal Solid Waste using the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Outcome (DPSIRO) framework: Case of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

The generation of MSW in urban areas in Ethiopia and elsewhere continues to increase and poses a challenge to city governments and citizens if the wastes are not properly managed. Applying an integrated system for managing MSW and recovering the material for use in new products can reduce the negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of this study is to apply the DPSIRO framework to develop a system that reduces the negative impacts of MSW in Bahir Dar city in a sustainable way. The research started by identifying the main driving forces that lead to the generation of MSW. Then, states because of pressures and the consequent impacts were investigated. Finally, the appropriate responses and outcomes obtained from the responses were dealt with. Methods used to quantify GHG emissions, leachate, and eutrophication potential were applied. According to the findings, the waste disposal site emits an estimated 46Gg of greenhouse gases per year in 2020.The eutrophication capacity of organic waste generated in the city was 0.0594 Kg N-equivalent or 59.4g N-equivalent. The waste also contains an average of 1,112mm of leachate per day on an annual basis. The state of the environment has an impact on human health and the ecosystem. Applying the circular economic system, knowledge transfer, and waste management fees are the main responses suggested to decision and policy makers. The responses correspond with balanced economic, social and environmental situations. Outcomes were quantified in terms of organic fertilizer, income and renewable energy (briquette) when the actions were taken.

Pengaruh Pengawasan Legislatif dan Temuan Audit terhadap Internet Financial Report Pemda Dimoderasi Sistem Pengendalian Internal

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of legislative oversight and audit findings on the disclosure of Internet Financial Reports (IFR) for the local governments of NTB, NTT and Bali (Bali Nusra), as well as the moderating effect of the internal control system (SPI). The total population of the study was 44 local governments consisting of provincial, district and city governments in Bali Nusra. The study was conducted during 2018-2019 with a total of 88 observations. The sampling method used non-probability sampling with saturated sampling (census). The results of the study indicate that legislative oversight has a positive and significant impact on the disclosure of the Bali Nusra Regional Government's IFR. Meanwhile, the audit findings have no significant negative effect on the disclosure of the Bali Nusra Regional Government IFR. In addition, the SPI strengthens but is not significant in moderating the effect of legislative oversight and audit findings on the disclosure of IFR for the local government of Bali Nusra. The implication of this research is to provide input to the heads of local governments as consideration for improving the implementation of IFR, as a benchmark and form of evaluation related to the implementation of IFR to increase transparency. Keywords : Legislative Oversight; Audit Findings; Internal Control System; Internet Financial Report.

Analysis of Financial Independence of Regency/City Governments in Java Island Based on Comparison and High Local Original Revenue (PAD)

The independence of the Regional Government is very important because in Indonesia since 1999 regional autonomy has been applied. However, the achievement of good performance still cannot be fulfilled by all Cities/Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationships and comparisons between various financial performance indicators in City/Regency Local Governments. All Cities/Regency on the island of Java are the population in this study. A sample of 113 Cities/Regency was taken based on predetermined criteria. A quantitative approach and descriptive analysis of all indicators were used to answer the research questions. The results of this study indicate that the comparison of PAD based on the type of region and regional potential in the five provinces on the island of Java is not evenly distributed. It was also found that the high PAD owned by the City/Regency became a factor supporting the high or increasing the value of other factors such as Total Assets and Total Capital Expenditure. This research is expected to reveal the performance of the City/Regency in terms of PAD and other related factors as an illustration of regional financial independence in the City/Regency.