THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF BUSINESS SCHOOLS BASED ON FACULTY ACTIVITIES: EXPLANATIONS FROM THE SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY

ABSTRACT The internationalization of higher education has gained in theoretical and empirical importance in recent decades. In this context, this article aims to describe and analyze the internationalization of business schools from the activities of their academics and based on the propositions defended by the Social Exchange Theory (SET). To achieve our goal we conducted 39 interviews with academics from business schools in the United States and Brazil, including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard, Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) and University of Sao Paulo (USP). We found that: (i) there are individual rewards that are not addressed by SET; (ii) there are benefits to third parties not covered by SET; (iii) certain non-rational choices are not provided by SET; and (iv) the condition of equivalence between costs and rewards provided by SET has its weaknesses. With these findings we add theoretical and empirical contributions to our theme.

INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE ESCOLAS DE NEGÓCIOS BASEADA NAS ATIVIDADES DOS ACADÊMICOS: ELUCIDAÇÕES TRAZIDAS PELA TEORIA DA TROCA SOCIAL

ABSTRACT The internationalization of higher education has gained in theoretical and empirical importance in recent decades. In this context, this article aims to describe and analyze the internationalization of business schools from the activities of their academics and based on the propositions defended by the Social Exchange Theory (SET). To achieve our goal we conducted 39 interviews with academics from business schools in the United States and Brazil, including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard, Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) and University of Sao Paulo (USP). We found that: (i) there are individual rewards that are not addressed by SET; (ii) there are benefits to third parties not covered by SET; (iii) certain non-rational choices are not provided by SET; and (iv) the condition of equivalence between costs and rewards provided by SET has its weaknesses. With these findings we add theoretical and empirical contributions to our theme.

Mapping Online Geographical Indication: Agri-Food Markets on E-Retail Shelves

Economics has been trying to understand market functioning for a long time. However, the neoclassical approach does not satisfy the understanding of the mechanisms that operate in the construction, stabilization, and transformation of markets. For this reason, economic sociology proposes to provide subsidies from causal pluralism, rejecting explanatory theories of purely rational choices. Therefore, the use of sociological theories in the understanding of agri-food markets is also necessary. In this sense, this work aimed to compare the market for agri-food products with a geographical indication (GI) between the European Union (EU) and Mercosur, based on the performance of brands and supermarkets in both regions. For this, we used a data survey of thousands of products and respective GI registrations in the most prominent online markets of countries in both regions. We applied analyses that differentiated the economic blocs and used field theory to explain the phenomena found in the findings. The results indicated the formation of relevant bands in the GI market, a little voluminous, but capable of crossing borders, a second, with the majority of GIs found that are only commercialized locally, and a third invisible, where most products are located, which do not exist in these markets. Furthermore, supermarkets’ own brands have great relevance and are decisive in building the market.

“Butts, Budgets, and Behaviors”

This chapter examines how pastors match their own evaluation of themselves as “successful entrepreneurs” against external evaluations of them as “failures” based on conventional measures of success: large congregations, large bank accounts, and large sanctuaries. This chapter shows that an essential component of founding pastors’ beliefs that their churches are successful, even if they only have 30 members or are mortgaging their home to pay the church’s bills, is the ambiguous and difficult-to-quantify measure of “changed lives.” They argued the evidence of their success was the way parishioners’ souls have been revived, their lives have been rebuilt, and the communities around them have been revitalized. Sociologist Carl Bankston sees “religious environments as economies in which religious groups are firms competing for customers who make rational choices among available products.” With this in mind, this chapter also examines how pastors think about competition and their position in a competitive religious economy.

Embodiment and Personal Identity in Dementia

Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as basic criteria for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. The chapter elaborates a different approach to personal identity: according to this, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory. Dementia is then characterized as a loss of reflexivity and meta-perspective, which is contrasted with the preservation of individual forms of body memory even in the later stages of the illness. The ethical consequences of such an embodied approach to dementia are outlined.

Maximizing treatment benefits in type 2 diabetes by affordable oral anti diabetes agents in India

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic with number of cases rising exponentially with each decade. What makes it more concerning is its association with numerous complications like cardiovascular diseases, end-stage renal disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. In India, the management of this disease mainly involves out‑of‑pocket expense and contributes to catastrophic health expenditure and distress financing. Thus, the need of the hour is to make oral anti diabetes agents (OADs) affordable and accessible so that maximum number of patients can avail treatment benefits in diabetes care. This review article focuses on the currently available low cost OADs such as sulfonylureas, metformin, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors explaining their efficacy and safety from recent clinical evidence and those going off patent and becoming much affordable in their generic form. This information will help family physicians make rational choices for their type 2 DM (T2DM) patients.

LATAR BELAKANG PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN VLADIMIR PUTIN ATAS ISU KRIMEA

AbstrakPenelitian ini menggambarkan tentang berbagai latar belakang pengambilan keputusan Putin atas isu Krimea yang melihat dasar-dasar pengambilan keputusan seperti intuisi, pengalaman, fakta, wewenang, dan rasionalitas yang memengaruhi Putin dalam melakukan aksi aneksasi Krimea tersebut. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, sang penulis menggunakan kerangka teori Pengambilan Keputusan (Decision Making) yang merupakan topik utama sekaligus pisau analisa dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh sang penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh sang penulis dalam memperoleh data adalah melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka yang menelaah sejumlah buku, jurnal, artikel ilmiah, dan media elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang pengambilan keputusan Vladimir Putin adalah berdasarkan pilihan rasional dengan melihat pertimbangan materil seperti memberi keuntungan di sektor keamanan, ekonomi, politik, memberikan peluang Rusia menjadi negara adidaya, dan pengamanan jalur pipa gas Rusia di Ukraina dan Krimea. Yang menarik dari tindakan yang diinisiasi oleh Putin itu adalah aksi tersebut dalam merebut suatu wilayah tanpa pencurahan darah. Ini adalah hal yang menarik bagi sang penulis karena bagaimana mungkin suatu intervensi militer di suatu wilayah tidak terjadi penyerangan dari pihak luar ke dalam suatu wilayah, dalam hal ini adalah aksi Rusia kepada Krimea. Politik keamanan, politik identitas, dan politik ekonomi mewarnai Putin dalam pengambilan keputusannya atas isu Krimea tersebut.Kata Kunci: Vladimir Putin, Pengambilan Keputusan, Pilihan Rasional, Rusia, Krimea, Ukraina.Abstract This research describes the various backgrounds of Putin's decision making on the Crimean issue which looks at the basics of decision making such as intuition, experience, facts, authority and rationality that influenced Putin in carrying out the Crimean annexation. In writing this thesis, the writer uses the theoretical framework of Decision Making which is the main topic as well as the analysis knife in this research. The research method used by the author in the preparation of this thesis is a qualitative method. The data collection techniques used by the author in obtaining data are through interviews and literature studies that examine a number of books, journals, scientific articles, and electronic media. The results show that the background of Vladimir Putin's decision making is based on rational choices by looking at material considerations such as providing benefits in the security, economic, political sectors, giving Russia the opportunity to become a superpower, and securing Russian gas pipelines in Ukraine and Crimea. What's interesting about the action initiated by Putin is that it seizes an area without shedding blood. This is an interesting matter for the author because how could a military intervention in a region not occur from outside attacks into an area, in this case Russia's action against Crimea. Security politics, identity politics and economic politics colored Putin in his decision making on the Crimean issue. Keywords: Vladimir Putin, Decision Making, Rational Choice, Rusia, Crimea, Ukraine.

PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL INTEREST GROUPS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Political interest groups (PIGs) are formed by people having common goals and working their way to make their goals a realization. These groups play a crucial role in influencing the minds of the youth in their outlook about varies societal issues. As a way for the youth to be able to participate, these groups found a way to organize political interest group chapters within universities. The organization allow university students to be able to actively participate in conducted activities within their campuses. This study investigated the different political interest groups which are existing in the universities within Cebu City, Philippines. The study also endeavored to examine the different reasons why students are willing participate in these so-called political interest groups and the factors that drive them in joining, how these institutional chapters are recognized and monitored by their respective universities. The findings revealed that students who participated in political interest groups find them interesting and beneficial serving as primary channel to voice their opinions regarding crucial and current societal issues. Also, the universities give them permits to conduct fora and seminars inside the campus. Many students confirm that joining political interest groups bring them more benefits, hone their political interests. Finally, joining political interest groups foster and deepen university students’ social development, broaden their political horizons and bring about positive social change while nurturing students’ rational choices. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0800/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Do intraday week effect in currencies hourly trading reflect leverage and asymmetric anomalies? Policy implications for traders

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if intraday week (IDW) effect of the currencies reflect leverage and asymmetric impact in currencies market. The study data set comprises of intraday patterns of 15 currencies from developed and emerging economies. Design methodology approach The study applies the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (E-GARCH) model technique to observe the IDW leverage and asymmetric effect after introducing hourly dummies variables, namely, IDWmon, IDWwed, IDWfrid and IDWfrid-mon. Findings The study results favor the propositions and confirm that IDW effect do exist in the international forex markets in relation to hourly trading pattern for respective currencies. Mostly, currencies do depreciate on Monday and Wednesday compared to the rest of the days. However, on the last trading day, i.e. Friday currencies observe an appreciation pattern which is for both economies. The results have an evidence of leverage and asymmetric effect confirmed by the E-GARCH model as a result of press releases and influence by micro-factors in the currency markets. Practical implications The study believes to have theoretical connection related to the better understanding of currencies trend for developed and emerging economies, as the IDW effect exists. Moreover, confirmation of both the leverage and asymmetric effect in observed currencies would be able to assist the investors in making rational choices during the trading hours and would confirm considerable profits through profit incentivized strategies. Originality value The study not only add knowledge to the previous study work in relation to the hourly trading pattern of currencies with reference to the IDW effects but also highlights the leverage and asymmetric effect in currencies that will help in formulating future trading strategies particular to emerging economies.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGALIHKAN JABATAN FUNGSIONAL KE JABATAN STRUKTURAL

ABSTRACTThis research aims to identify and analyze Regional Government Policies in Transferring Functional Positions to Structural Positions in West Southeast Maluku Regency, which is one of the policies that ignores the needs of the community and is not in accordance with regional conditions and is not based on rational choices that consider elements of priority needs. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data analysis techniques. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach to data analysis techniques using a model using the Miles and Huberman Model, through the procedure of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that there was a policy of transferring power, there was still a mismatch between the fields of expertise and educational background with the positions they held so that the implementation of their duties became ineffective and efficient.Keywords: Policy and Position Transfer