Attitudes of the Indian Middle Class: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

The author conducts a pilot study to investigate whether the benefits of global marketing and the purported liberal policies of the Government of India have percolated to the Indian middle-class since the year 2014, when the present government came to power. The author collects data through online surveys from Indian citizens, and then conducts a qualitative analysis of the same to test six propositions based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The author finds moderate to strong support for five of his propositions and sets the stage for a more robust research study that the author is planning to conduct on this highly relevant topic. Keywords: globalization, consumer experience, marketing strategy, political marketing

Analysis of Investment Decisions at BMT Latansa Gontor Ponorogo

This study aims to examine customer decisions in investing in BMT. The theory used to predict customer decisions in investing is the theory of reasoned action. The research method used is quantitative research with data analysis techniques Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the sharia system, product knowledge, religiosity, attitudes, risk perception, image, and investment intentions affected investment decisions.

A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use

The aim of this study is to investigate the key factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and develop a model based on the theory of reasoned action, belief in conspiracy theory, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The authors created and distributed a self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms. Data were collected from 351 respondents ranging in age from 19 to 30 years, studying at the graduate and postgraduate levels at various public universities in Bangladesh. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that belief in conspiracy theory undermines COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, thereby negatively impacting the individual attitudes, subjective norms, and acceptance. Individual awareness, on the other hand, has a strong positive influence on the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness of vaccination and the perceived ease of obtaining the vaccine positively impact attitude and the acceptance of immunization. Individuals’ positive attitudes toward immunization and constructive subjective norms have a positive impact on vaccine acceptance. This study contributes to the literature by combining the theory of reasoned action with conspiracy theory, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use to understand vaccine acceptance behavior. Authorities should focus on campaigns that could reduce misinformation and conspiracy surrounding COVID-19 vaccination. The perceived usefulness of vaccination to prevent pandemics and continue normal education will lead to vaccination success. Furthermore, the ease with which people can obtain the vaccine and that it is free of cost will encourage students to get vaccinated to protect themselves, their families, and society.

The Antecedents of Consumer Engagement in CSR Communication in Social Media

This study aims to explore the ways in which targeted consumers engage with corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on social media platforms, specifically when discussing their opinions and experiences regarding the CSR activities of their favorite brands. Therefore, the variable moral norms were integrated in the theory of reasoned action. The study data about consumers' engagement (CE) in corporate social responsibility communication (CSRC) over social media (SM) platforms—electronic word of mouth, or e-WoM—was collected from 290 actual engaged consumers in online ordering and involved in social media groups. The findings confirmed that the antecedent factors (consumers' attitudes, subjective norms, and moral norms) have a positive influence on consumers' intention to use e-WoM, while no effect was found on CE in CSRC in SM. Furthermore, e-WoM was found to have direct significant impact on CE in CSRC in SM as it mediates the relationship between the antecedent factors and CE in CSRC in SM.

Exploring the antecedents of apparel disposal behaviors

To obtain a comprehensive view of the apparel disposal behaviors of young U.S. consumers, this study evaluated antecedents of apparel disposal behaviors using a framework based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), categorization theory, and prior literature. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of undergraduate students at a large U.S. Midwestern university through a self-administered online survey. A final sample of 358 usable surveys was analyzed through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos. The results supported the proposed relationships between environmental apparel knowledge and attitude toward sustainable methods of apparel disposal. In addition, the proposed relationships between attitude and apparel disposal intention (intention to discard, donate, reuse, or resell) were all supported except for intention to resell. While the results showed a significant and positive relationship between subjective norms and intention to resell or donate apparel, no significant relationship was shown between subjective norms and intention to reuse or discard apparel. In addition, subjective norms were a positive and significant antecedent of attitude. Lastly, respondents’ intention to engage in a particular apparel disposal behavior corresponded with the actual apparel disposal behavior.

An Analysis of Tourist's Behavioural Intention in the Digital Era: Using a Modified Model of the Reasoned Action Theory

Destination management organisations currently operate in an environment where online media greatly influences travellers' decision-making. In this digital environment, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is considered an important source of information affecting tourist's behaviour and destination image formation. Destination image is also recognised as major element influencing holiday destination choice, intention to revisit a destination and the willingness to recommend it to others. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in turn, offers a relevant conceptual framework to analyse tourists’ behaviour. This paper aims to (1) incorporate eWOM and destination image as exogenous variables into the TRA model, then evaluate the ability of this extension to predict tourists’ behavioural intention (2) examine both eWOM and destination image impact on intention to visit an emerging destination (3) inspect eWOM role in destination image formation (4) evaluate the ability of the TRA’s core constructs (i.e., attitude and subjective norms) to predict intention. A quantitative approach based on structural equation modelling conducted this study in order to test the extended model, by analysing data collected from 234 potential foreign tourists, selected using a convenience sampling method. Results revealed that the extended model had a good predictive ability for tourists’ intentions to visit an emerging destination. Besides, attitude, subjective norms and destination image were significant predictors of visit intention, and eWOM significantly influenced the image. The study outcomes may help to develop a more efficient and successful tourism marketing strategy.

Analysis of the Effect of Marketing Mix 7P on Purchase Decisions at Sentra Snack Stores

This study examines the analysis of marketing mix (7P) effect to buying decision at Sentra Snack Store. Marketing mix (7P) are product, price, place, and promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. The main theory used is Theory of Reasoned Action by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975). The method used by this research is a quantitative research method, where the data is measured numerically and used Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square. Theprogram used SmartPLS 3.3.3. The research was held at Sentra Snack Store, located in Surabaya with seventy samples of Sentra Snack Store customers. The results are Product and Price have a significant effect to Buying Decisions at Sentra Snack Store, while Promotion, Place, People, Process, and Physical Evidence do not. These results can be used as a basis for developing related strategies because they will further affect the company's sales and profit turnover.

The Effect of Zakat Institution System and Government Support on Intention to Pay Zakat: Knowledge as A Moderating Variable

<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of attitudes, subjective norms, zakat institution system and government support in influencing the interest of the government and private officers to pay zakat. This study also aims to determine the extent of muzakki’s knowledge of zakat in improving attitudes, subjective norms, zakat institutional systems and government support in the interest of the government and private officers to pay zakat. Respondents in this study are 402 respondents consisting of 154 government officers and 248 private officers who live in 6 big cities in Java, such as Jakarta, Serang, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta and Surabaya. This research uses the Partial-Least-Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model. The finding reveals that attitudes, subjective norms, zakat institutional system, and government support affect the government and private officers' interest in paying zakat. Meanwhile, knowledge as a moderating variable does not strengthen the influence of attitudes, zakat institutional systems and government support. Still, it reinforces the subjective norms of government and private officers in influencing intention to pay zakat. BAZNAS can collaborate with educational institutions, professional institutions, community institutions and utilize social networks to increase public knowledge about zakat. Hence, knowledge about zakat supports subjective norms and attitudes, zakat institutional system, and government support. </em></p>